Detailed technical characteristics of YaMZ-236 and YaMZ-238 engines

Characteristics of YaMZ-236

Design features of the YaMZ-5Z6 E4 and E5 engines

To ensure compliance of the YaMZ-5Z6 power unit with the Euro-4 environmental standard, its design uses an exhaust gas recirculation system (EGR), as well as a catalytic converter equipped with a replaceable filter. At the same time, the parameters of “Rule No. 96-O2” are achieved without the use of the EGR system and converter.

The YaMZ-5Z6 E5 engines are maximally unified with their counterparts of the Euro-4 standard. In order to increase the environmental requirements of Euro-5, the following are installed in the exhaust system, as on imported analogues:

• selective catalytic reduction (“SCR”) system, which consists of a dosing module and a tank for an aqueous solution of urea - AdBlue reagent - 32% solution of (NH2)2C0.
• selective catalytic converter (muffler-neutralizer).

Fuel supply and control systems on YaMZ-5Z6 engines are of the Common Rail (ECRS) battery type, with high injection energy and electronic control, from . It provides an injection pressure of 18OO bar, and includes: a high-pressure pump with a dosing module, a fuel accumulator line (rail), injectors. The following control sensors operate in the fuel supply system: rotation speed, phase, fuel pressure, fuel temperature, charge air temperature, charge air pressure, coolant temperature, oil pressure.

Reliability, problems and repair of YaMZ-236

The famous 6-cylinder engine from Yaroslavl was developed on the basis of the popular 8-cylinder YaMZ-238 and replaced the outdated YaAZ-204. The cylinder block is cast from cast iron with wet cast iron liners (liner protrusion above the plane of the block is 0.1 mm), has a V-shaped configuration with a camber angle of 90°. It is the same as the YaMZ-238, but does not have 2 cylinders. Inside the block there is a crankshaft on 4 supports, the piston stroke is 140 mm, the diameter of the journals is 110 mm, the connecting rod journals are 88 mm, and the length of the connecting rods is 265 mm. The diameter of the pistons is 130 mm, and their height is 100 mm.

On top of the block there are two 6-valve cylinder heads made of cast iron. The intake valves are 61mm, the exhaust valves are 48mm and the stem is 12mm thick. They are identical to the heads from YaMZ-238, but adapted for a 6-cylinder block. This is a lower engine, and accordingly, the camshaft is located in the cylinder block. Its characteristics are similar to the 8-cylinder engine: phase 246/266, lift 13.5 mm.

The valves on the YaMZ-236 need to be adjusted every 500 hours; their clearances are standard: 0.25-0.3 mm for intake and exhaust. The order of valve adjustment is: 1 – 4 – 2 – 5 – 3 – 6. Euro-2 engines could be equipped with both conventional heads and individual ones installed on each cylinder. The oil pressure on YaMZ-236 of all versions fluctuates around 4-7 kgf/cm2 (warm up engine).

This is a simple engine with direct injection and, depending on the modification, different versions of pumps, injectors, and on turbo versions, various turbochargers were used.

Today they continue to produce YaMZ-236, but they are being replaced by more modern YaMZ-7601 and YaMZ-656.

Differences between YaMZ 236 engines

1. YaMZ-236A - a model without a turbine based on the 236M2, distinguished by a 60-40 pump, an oil sump, and a crankshaft pulley. This motor is created to Euro-0 standards. Power 195 hp at 2100 rpm, torque 716 Nm at 1200-1400 rpm. This modification is found on the following cars: ZIL-5343, 4526, 5417, 6309, 6409; LAZ-42078, A1414, 52565; Neman-5201. 2. YaMZ-236B - a turbo engine with its own pistons, oil injectors, pump 607, fuel injectors 261 and a TKR 90 turbine. Power 250 hp. at 2000 rpm, torque 1030 Nm at 1200-1400 rpm. Environmental class version: Euro-0. Resource - 10,000 hours. We installed the engine on TM-120, VEKS 30L and T-12.3. YaMZ-236BE is the same as 236B, but it has a 607-10 pump, a liquid-oil heat exchanger, a single-section oil pump, and its own pump. Power 250 hp at 2000 rpm, torque 1030 Nm at 1200-1400 rpm. Resource - 800 thousand km. The motor is installed on MAZ-5336, 5432, 5434, 5516, 6303. Environmental class - Euro-1. 4. YaMZ-236BE2 - improved 236BE for Euro-2. New liners (protrusion above the block surface of 1.6 mm), pistons, piston pins and connecting rods (all from 7511) are used here. In addition, Euro-2 engines have heads with grooves, their own camshaft, injection pump 133-30 (324-20 on 236BE2-14), injectors 267. The power is the same, but the torque is increased to 1078 Nm at 1100-1300 rpm. The resource remained unchanged. You can find such an internal combustion engine on MAZ-5336, 5432, 5434, 5516, 6303; MZKT-8022, Ural-4320, BZKT-8027, KrAZ-6505 and 6510. 5. YaMZ-236BK - combine version of 236BE. Power 250 hp at 2000 rpm, torque 1030 Nm at 1100-1300 rpm. Combines with such a power plant: Acros 530 and Yenisei 860. 6. YaMZ-236G - atmospheric modification, analogous to 236M2, but with a 601 fuel pump and a different pump. Ecology complies with Euro-0. Unit power 150 hp. at 1700 rpm. Service life - 8000 hours. It was installed on EO-33211, 4225; DU-84, 85, 101; VEKS-20K, DZ-122B, GS-14.02, TVEX ET-25-80, VPM ML-119A. 7. YaMZ-236D - naturally aspirated with a 60-30 pump under Euro-0. This is a tractor version of the 236M2, its power is 175 hp. at 2100 rpm, torque 667 Nm at 1300-1500 rpm. Motor life - 8000 hours. You can find this motor under the hood of the T-150, HTZ-17221, RTM-160, OrTZ-150, GS-14.02 and 18.05. 8. YaMZ-236DK - combine harvester version 236M2 with injection pump 608. Power 185 hp. at 2000 rpm, torque 716 Nm at 1300-1500 rpm. The environmental class is Euro-0, and the service life is 8000 hours. It was installed on Yenisei-950, 954, 957, 959, 1200; KS-65, T-11.01, CHETRA 121. 9. YaMZ-236M2 - main atmospheric engine with a power of 180 hp. at 2100 rpm, with a torque of 667 Nm at 1250-1450 rpm. This is a Euro-0 motor with a 60-30 pump and a service life of 25,000 hours. They installed it on MAZ-5337, 5433, 5551; Ural-4320 and 5557; KS-4372, KS-5871, V138, TS-10, E30, EO-5119, DU-84, 85, 101; DZ-122, Kranex EK 270, ET26, PV-10/8M1, NV-10/8M2, AD60. 10. YaMZ-236N - turbocharged engine with a power of 230 hp. at 2100 rpm, torque 882 Nm at 1200-1400 rpm. It has a TKR-90 turbine, a 604 pump, 261 fuel injectors, its own pistons, oil injectors, and the ecology is Euro-0. The motor is similar to YaMZ-236B. Motor life - 10,000 hours. This internal combustion engine was installed on ChTZ B10M, BKK-1, PK-1. 11. YaMZ-236NE - turbo engine for Euro-1, analogous to 236N, but with a liquid-oil heat exchanger, with a different oil pump and pump, with fuel injection pump 604-10 (323-11 for 236NE-6, -18, -24). Its power and torque are similar to YaMZ236N. Technically, the motor is an analogue of the YaMZ-236BE. Cars with this engine: MAZ-104, 4219, 5256, 5277, 5336, 5432, 5551; Volzhanin 5270, LiAZ-5256, LAZ-5207, 5252. 12. YaMZ-236NE2 - analogue of 236BE2, but here the injection pump is 324-10 (133-20 on models 236NE2-3, -8, -14, -18, -30, -33, -36, -38). Power reduced to 230 hp. at 2100 rpm, torque 882 Nm at 1100-1300 rpm. Resource - 800 thousand km. You can find such a modification on Ural-3255, 4320, 4420, 5557; MAZ-5336, 5337, 5432, 5433, 5551, 5554; LAZ-5252, LiAZ-5256, Volzhanin-5270, Neman-5201. 13. YaMZ-236NB - model created on the basis of 236NE, power reduced to 165 hp. at 1800 rpm, torque 736 Nm at 1200-1400 rpm. It has its own crankshaft pulley, pump, pump 605-10, modified intake. Installed on CHETRA T9. 14. YaMZ-236ND - modified 236NE for tractors and combines, distinguished by a different crankshaft pulley, its own fan, pump 605-20. Power 210 hp at 1900 rpm, torque 882 Nm at 1200-1400 rpm. The engine is on the Vector combine and the ChTZ T10M tractor. 15. YaMZ-236NK - turbo engine for Euro-1, developed on the basis of the same 236NE. A 605-30 pump, another oil sump, and its own crankshaft pulley are installed here. Power 185 hp at 1900 rpm, torque 833 Nm at 1200-1400 rpm. This is a tractor engine and was installed on the T-150, KhTZ-181 and KhTZ-17222.

Malfunctions of YaMZ-236

This engine is a copy of the 238, but without two cylinders, the problems of these engines are the same: it also gets hot, the speed may fluctuate or the engine does not develop it, there are knocking noises or the engine starts to stall, etc. The causes of all these malfunctions are described here.

Malfunctions, their causes and solutions

• Engine overheating. Possible causes are a dirty radiator, faulty pump or thermostat.
• The revolutions “float”. It is necessary to check the fuel injection pump and adjust it if necessary. Air in the fuel system is also possible.
• Troubles or jerks at low speeds. First of all, you need to look at the fuel system (fuel pump, injectors, fuel line, fuel filter). It is also worth checking the ignition system.
• It starts poorly or stalls. There may be air in the fuel system, where it is being sucked in, a damaged tube, etc., or the fuel filter may be clogged. If you don’t find anything, then we look towards the fuel injection pump.
• Engine knock. It’s unlikely that it will be possible to do without an autopsy. Again, injectors, valves, rings, and liners may knock. You can also look at the ignition and fuel pump.
• White smoke from the exhaust. The cause may be water in the tank or coolant entering the cylinders through a crack in the cylinder head or a worn gasket.
• Black smoke. The mixture is very rich, you need to reduce it by tightening the lower power screw on the injection pump, perhaps it is turned to the maximum.
• Blue smoke. The oil gets into the cylinders and burns there.
• Strong vibration of the motor. The cause of the vibration may be the flywheel, worn engine mounts, an unregulated ignition, or the driveshaft. Well, as a last resort, an unbalanced crankshaft.
• It won't start at all. Look towards the fuel system, namely the injection pump and injectors.

Maintenance

YaMZ engines are known for their unpretentiousness. With careful attention and proper care, these motors can be used without repair for decades. This is confirmed, for example, by the long-term operation of MAZ trucks with engines from the Yaroslavl Motor Plant.

Maintenance of YaMZ 236, 240, 238 engines generally comes down to:

1. changing used oil after every 7.5 thousand kilometers;
2. regularly replacing oil filters;
3. ensuring that diesel fuel does not get into the car oil;
4. cleaning or replacing air filters.

Particular care must be taken to ensure that diesel fuel does not get into the engine oil during operation. Once it gets into the engine oil, it dilutes it and, in addition, actively washes away the oil film from all rubbing surfaces.

As a result of this, the MAZ engine will either knock or jam, which will lead to lengthy and expensive repairs, and in some cases will require its replacement.

Modifications of the YaMZ-5Z6 engine

“YaMZ-5Z6” is the base model for modern Yaroslavl 6-cylinder engines. Its modifications “YAMZ-5Z6-1O” (-3O, -4O), “YAMZ-5Z61”, “YAMZ-5Z62”, “YAMZ-5Z63”, “YAMZ-5Z64” are structurally similar to this basic model, but differ on adjustments of fuel equipment, due to changes in the settings of the ECU - electronic control unit.

The EDC-7 ECU on the YaMZ-5Z6 controls the engine; interacts with vehicle electronic devices via CAN channels (SAE J 1939); stores error information in the built-in memory; carries out on-board diagnostic functions, in accordance with the requirements of Rules 00Н No. 49-О5 G and in accordance with IS0 150З1 and SAE J 1939 standards; provides the function of limiting speed and torque, in accordance with Rules 00Н No. 89 and No. 49-О5 G; guarantees a signal to the driver about the occurrence of emergency situations using indicators on the dashboard; provides emergency engine protection; works in conjunction with the systems of stabilization of exchange rate stability, emergency braking, adaptive cruise control and duplication of control from an additional control unit from the driver’s remote control.