The recognizable appearance of the UAZ “Loaf”, the legendary van first produced by the Ulyanovsk Automobile Plant back in the 60s of the last century, is familiar to almost every resident of the post-Soviet space. The multi-purpose all-terrain vehicle remains in demand to this day.
Of course, over the many years of production, the UAZ-452 model has been modernized many times, and new vehicles under different indices have been created on its basis. Despite the updated platform, suspension, different engines, nothing fundamentally new could be invented with the design of the UAZ. However, the conversation will not be about the exterior of the famous van; beauty, they say, is in the eye of the beholder, but about the electrical circuit of the UAZ “Loaf”.
Wiring diagram for loaf with carburetor engine
To connect electrical appliances to the system of a car with a carburetor, an old-style circuit is used - a loaf designed for UAZ cars produced in 1954 - 1984.
Why might you need a wiring diagram for such a car? The need for instructions for wiring in a car may arise not only if some defect that interferes with the operation of the vehicle is corrected, but also when the wiring is re-installed.
It is worth remembering that there are two circuits for a car with a carburetor engine. The first is a simple one, in which there is no electronic carburetor control unit (this element appeared after 1984 and is not included in the old circuits).
The second is a little more complicated (the connection to the carburetor control unit is taken into account). Such a scheme should be used if it is necessary to connect to the operation of all electronic systems of the car, and not just the ignition and the minimum necessary to drive the vehicle.
To conduct wires according to a simplified scheme, it is enough to stretch a wire from the battery through the toggle switch to the ignition to create a spark, and the second through the relay and button to the starter to make it possible to start the engine.
If the car's generator does not have a voltage regulator built-in, then you need to purchase one and connect it to the system.
Wiring diagram UAZ 3303
I have a 1989 car, originally it had a contactless ignition system. Later it was converted to contact, which in principle I do not regret. And each has its own pros and cons. We’re not talking about them. I had to use the old-style UAZ 3303 wiring diagram, of course, with a carburetor.
The plant immediately warns about the possibility of making changes to the electrical circuit. Since the car is almost 30 years old, there are such changes. I will give several diagrams with contact and non-contact ignition systems for different UAZ vehicles. But since in those days there were no special differences, I consider them similar with some differences.
Wiring diagram for a loaf with an injection engine.
When repairing electrical wiring in such a car, it is difficult to find a ready-made connection diagram - the manufacturer did not include it in the operating instructions.
It is believed that the wiring diagram for electrical appliances in UAZ loaf cars with an injection engine almost completely corresponds to the diagram that is used in a car with a carburetor, but in reality they are different.
To solve car control problems related to wiring, 2 connection schemes are used - standard for a loaf with a carburetor engine and injection for GAZ - 69 “Kozel”.
Combining the information from these two diagrams allows you to repair or reinstall the wiring in the injection loaf.
Instead of a circuit diagram for an injection GAZ-69, a circuit diagram for an electronic engine control system can be used, so drivers are advised to carry it with them along with a wiring diagram for a loaf carburetor engine.
New modifications
Since 1985 the car has undergone changes. They can even be called quite significant. It is also worth considering that in recent years the electrical circuit of the UAZ 452 has been quite seriously modernized. And the basic equipment itself has become noticeably richer. Now it has become a modification for . The manufacturer abandoned carburetor systems and released a more economical and modern injector for the UAZ Bukhanka. The electrical equipment of the UAZ has become more progressive.
The dashboard has also been transformed. The most noticeable changes were: an additional starter relay, additional resistance in the battery ignition circuit. However, most Bukhanka owners upgrade their vehicle themselves. And the dashboard is the first step to modernizing the interior.
In the basic configuration, the dashboard does not look impressive, so most drivers decide to upgrade its appearance. A solid overlay is installed on the panel, which makes it more visually interesting. This overlay is freely available, and buying it is not particularly difficult. The dashboard in the UAZ 452 is all-metal and does not decorate the interior. Modern panel trim is mostly made of plastic and serves as a good decoration for this car.
Another drawback in the old Loaf is the lack of electric windows. However, power windows can be easily installed yourself. They will fit perfectly into the electrical circuit of the UAZ 452. But neither the installation of window regulators nor their initial absence in the electrical wiring is the main problem of the poor configuration.
The successor to the famous “commander” UAZ 469 is the UAZ 31514, which has appeared on the domestic market since 1993. According to industry classification, the car received a new index, as well as a contactless ignition system, while remaining as reliable and trouble-free in operation as its predecessor.
The history of the UAZ 31514 began long before the nineties - in peacetime they wanted to get more functionality from the legendary UAZ 469, which led to its deep modernization.
As a result, its “civilian” version of the UAZ 469B appeared, which was distinguished from its predecessor:
- The drive axles have lost their final drives, which provide tremendous off-road maneuverability;
- The preheater was removed from the car;
- The open body was equipped with a canvas awning;
- The power unit was the UMZ-414 engine with a power of 80 hp.
For reference: a metal awning, and later a fiberglass one, was offered as an additional option. The manufacturer also managed to reduce costs - the price did not change significantly.
Restyling
The manufacturer did not dwell on the result obtained, and in 1993 released a new model - UAZ 31514, which completely replaced the UAZ 469 on the factory assembly line.
UAZ 31514 – photo of serving in law enforcement agencies
- Power unit UMZ-4178 carburetor type, volume 2.5 liters;
- The car was also equipped with a ZM3-4021.10 engine, which, with equal parameters, produced 3 hp more. more;
- Later modifications were equipped with a ZMZ-5143.1 diesel engine equipped with a turbocharger;
- Hardtops became the norm, and were installed on an assembly line;
- The front suspension became spring (the promotional video of those years was based precisely on this improvement);
- The car received a front wheel disengagement clutch;
- An improved interior has become the norm (adjustable seats, soft upholstery, radio), and therefore the interior electrical wiring of the UAZ 31514 has also changed.
For reference: the ZM3-4021.10 engine was interesting due to its compliance with EURO-2 environmental standards. In this configuration, the car could be sold abroad.
Features of the electrical circuit
Among the most noticeable features of the UAZ 31514, which distinguishes it from its predecessors, is a split windshield with windshield wiper gears moved under the roof. Thanks to this solution, the UAZ 31514 wiring received an additional wiring harness for connecting them.
Also on the car there was a contactless ignition system previously tested on its predecessor, consisting of (in order):
- Low voltage ignition coil;
- Transistor electronic switch;
- Sensor-distributor (distributor);
- Electric spark plugs;
- Fuse box;
- Emergency breaker;
- Additional electrical resistance;
For reference: The wiring in the diagram is indicated by capital letters of color - K (red), G (blue), Zh (yellow), Z (green).
Period from 1965 to 1984
During this period, the automaker equipped its products with electrical components available to the domestic industry. Some of them were known for a long time, others were experimental, as evidenced by videos from previous years, and which had to prove their suitability.
Lighting control
In particular, the controls and a number of main units migrated from its predecessor, the GAZ-69. Thanks to this, the price of the car remained the same.
On models of the first years of production, a foot light switch was installed, which had several operating modes:
- The first position activated the circuit for switching the low beam headlights and side lights;
- In the second position, the low and high beam headlight circuit was activated.
For reference: Turning on the headlights (low or high beam) led to the turning off of the front side lights.
The modernized light switch has a different operating algorithm:
- The first position supplies power to the side lights only;
- The second position is side lights and low (high) beam headlights.
Caution: This algorithm with non-switchable dimensions is a mandatory requirement for passing MOT. The factory instructions give recommendations for reworking the old circuit, in which it is important not to mix up the contacts of the foot switch.
The most correct option is to replace the old switch with a modern one, which uses only 3 contact groups.
Also, on older versions of the “452” there was no alarm, so in the electrical diagram:
- An RS-57 breaker relay was installed (mounted in the wiring gap from the “+” terminal of the battery to the direction indicator switch);
- The middle contact of the relay closed the indicator light on the instrument panel.
Differences between electrical systems
Modernizations affected the service conditions of cars of different years of production.
The car does not cause any particular difficulties when carrying out routine maintenance with your own hands, however, the electrical systems have differences, the reasons for which were:
- Modifications of power units;
- Changes to the instrument panel;
- Installations of lighting and side lights of a new generation.
Read also the article “Wiring Moskvich 2140: two cars under one index.”
Original photo of the 1974 model documentation included with the car
Release 1965 - 1984
If we talk about the beginning of production, then that UAZ 452 electrical equipment circuit lasted on the assembly line until 1984. During this period, many details in the circuit were borrowed from other models. Also, quite a large number of details could be called experimental. However, as the future has shown, such simplicity resulted in extreme reliability during operation.
In those years, it was quite a difficult task to find the necessary elements and parts. This problem was especially pressing in ignition and lighting systems. Therefore, the solution was to borrow parts from predecessors. So, a foot light switch was taken from GAZ 69.
She got the Bukhanka's headlights from the GAZ 24. The ignition system was copied with minor changes from the Volga. Therefore, it is not surprising that the GAZ 452 manufacturers also borrowed the engine from the Volga. As for the electrical circuit, everything was very primitive and simple, but at the same time practical and reliable. In addition, the price of the issue clearly justified such simplicity.
The electrical circuit of old UAZs was not ideal. The instructions of those years even provided for cleaning the contacts with sandpaper in case of oxidation. This approach raised some doubts about the safety of the electrical wiring design. And the UAZ electrical wiring itself in those years was a simple single-wire circuit.
troubleshooting
On any domestic car, problems periodically arise in the operation of electrical equipment. If you notice that the UAZ wiring is not working correctly, you need to diagnose it and check all the elements. If there are any malfunctions in the operation of electronic devices, first of all you need to check whether the fuses in the mounting block have burned out. If everything is fine with these elements, but the equipment still does not function, for example, if we talk about optics, then you need to check whether the light bulbs are working. If the lamps themselves are working, it is necessary to test the electrical part using a tester (the author of the video about testing car wiring is Ramil Abdullin).
If the Loaf refuses to start at all, you need to do the following:
- First of all, check the functionality of the battery.
- With the battery charged, use a tester to test the circuit from the coil to the generator; often the reason for the inability to start the engine is breaks in the wiring. If there are breaks, the wires should be changed. If there is oxidation on the contacts, they should be cleaned.
- Starting the power unit will be impossible if there is no spark. To diagnose the presence of a spark, remove the high-voltage cable from the spark plug and bring it to the body. When you try to start the engine, a spark should jump between the cable and the body.
- If there is no spark, the problem may be carbon deposits and deposits on it. By the way, carbon deposits are often the cause of unstable engine operation and tripping. To get rid of such a malfunction, it is advisable to clean the spark plugs; step-by-step instructions for this process are presented here.
Improvement of electrical equipment
Most car enthusiasts will agree that an equally important thing is the central locking on the UAZ. The lock for the UAZ Bukhanka can be easily purchased at any auto parts store and installed on the vehicle without any problems.
Another “upgrade” for this car is an electric engine fan. An electric fan is a standard part for most modern cars. However, in older models such a device was not installed. Many car enthusiasts have already become convinced of the usefulness of such a wiring part as an electric fan, so it is often installed on the Bukhanka, especially since it can be easily purchased at any car store.
In addition, UAZ 452 owners often change standard mirrors. Since this car is often used in rather extreme conditions, heated mirrors would obviously be useful. Especially for drivers in cold climates. Electrically heated mirrors are quite simply installed on the Bukhanka, since the electrical circuit of the UAZ 452 allows such improvements.
terms of Use
Experienced car enthusiasts assessed the car modification differently. In comparison with its predecessor - UAZ 469, the new “three hundred and fifteenth”:
- Became more comfortable, which was facilitated by alterations to the interior and chassis;
- It lost its off-road qualities because it received gearboxes with changed gear ratios.
In practice this was expressed as follows:
- When used in off-road conditions, the old 469 easily overcame mud thanks to its “military bridges”;
- The new UAZ could be “buried” in swampy areas due to the installation of “civilian” bridges;
- The maximum speed of “469” did not exceed 90-100 km/h on the highway;
- The new UAZ 31514 accelerates to 120-130 km/h.
Conclusions: the appearance of the “civilian” version allowed the Ulyanovsk Automobile Plant to maintain its leadership among domestic SUVs. UAZ cars are still popular vehicles for many municipal and emergency services.
To ensure the functionality of all electrical devices on any car, an electrical circuit is used. In this article we will talk about the legendary domestically produced cars - UAZ. What is the electrical circuit of the UAZ Bukhanka car, what are its features - read about it below.
Features of the model and its equipment
The wiring diagram still amazes with its quality. The legal successor of this vehicle was another model 31514, which began production in 1993 and immediately won a circle of its admirers. The new models are significantly different from the previous ones. Not only has the design been improved, but so has the wiring. For example, the electrical circuit of the UAZ 390994, the injector of which could cause inconvenience, did not have a special temperature sensor. New models have contactless ignition. The node includes:
- low voltage ignition coil;
- electronic transistor switch;
- distributor, i.e. sensor-distributor;
- electrical additional resistance;
- special emergency breaker;
- fuses (unit installed).
For example, type 390994, whose injector caused problems at high speeds, did not have such high-quality and sophisticated wiring. And the disadvantage of such a network element does not ensure the closure of the damper for the intake manifold. Servicing such a system is inconvenient; the absence of just one sensor is what makes 390994, whose injector is so “problematic,” not so in demand. The situation was resolved by using a better system and additional cables.
general information
The UAZ 31519 all-wheel drive vehicle was produced at the Ulyanovsk plant from 1997 to 2013. The main goal of designing the unit is to replace the obsolete UAZ 31514 with a model with more power. Based on the car, modifications have been created that differ in the level of interior trim and power plants. Due to the use of users with different characteristics and parameters, the UAZ 31519 electrical circuit also contains individual features.
Connection of users of the UAZ 315195 and others is carried out according to the principle of a single conductor, when the positive terminal of the equipment is connected into one circuit. The negative terminals are attached to the frame of the machine, which plays the role of a second conductor. The car's network voltage is 12V; the equipment is protected by a block of safety elements.
Communication between energy consumers occurs through a composite exciter key, in which the contacting part and anti-theft equipment are structurally provided. The UAZ 31519 wiring diagram provides for powering consumers using a current source until the power plant is activated. Once the motor is activated, power is provided by a generating device that generates alternating current and passes the energy through a rectifier unit. In addition, the product charges the battery, maintaining performance. You can also read about UAZ 396255.
Electrical diagram of UAZ 31519:
