Category: KAMAZ
- Characteristic signs and causes
- Severe wear of engine parts
- Filter elements
- Fuel supply
- Glow plugs
- Exhaust
Automotive technology has become a part of everyday life. Today, not a single industry can do without the help of transport. In terms of freight and passenger transportation, the products of the Kama Plant (KAMAZ) occupy a leading position in the market. Despite the reliability and quality, owners are faced with the fact that the KamAZ engine does not work.
KamAZ 6520 (dump truck):
This is a common phenomenon because there are many reasons for it. You need to start with a banal discrepancy between the fuel and the required quality, and end with a breakdown of the power plant, requiring prompt intervention. Let's try to figure out why KamAZ doesn't work, what are the prerequisites and solutions to the problem.
Characteristic signs and causes
Faced with a problem of this kind, the user tries to figure out why the KamAZ truck does not work and the reasons for this behavior of the equipment. This is connected with the power plant, so the search for a solution takes place in this plane.
As a rule, the first steps are to diagnose the power plant. This approach saves search time and also indicates the nature of the breakdown.
KamAZ, “floating” engine speed:
A harmless reason is the lack of traction on the new KamAZ vehicle. This is due to the running-in of the vehicle - grinding in parts and mechanisms to each other. This behavior is considered normal and disappears when the car travels 5,000-10,000 kilometers.
Mountain brake failed
The first call came from the village of Chernaya Gryaz, where a KAMAZ almost new 2014 model stopped feeling and detecting its gas pedal. Didn't react to her at all. The situation is quite common and common, but an ignorant person will be completely at a loss as to what to do about this problem. We can agree - yes, there may be a lot of prerequisites for a car not responding to the gas, but still the one that we have identified once again is one of the most common. When connecting to KAMAZ with A-SCAN, we immediately saw that the mountain brake was pressed. This happens in several cases - a wiring break, the valve itself does not work (stuck, rusted, broken), or the driver has a very short memory. Again, the human factor. The car was parked in a service center and apparently one of the service personnel did not bother to unclick the “miner!” button. Well, this is the case for us - we are always happy to help with a professional answer to a question, and at the same time show how it is done. We are also always happy to share our experience.
Severe wear of engine parts
This problem is an unpleasant reason for the owner of a KamAZ car. As a rule, the behavior is typical for old cars that are used intensively. The problem also manifests itself on new equipment that was used in harsh conditions in violation of standards.
KamAZ engine, severe wear of parts:
The rings and cylinders of the power plant are subject to wear, as loaded engine parts. The first sign, a drop in compression, is checked first. For a KamAZ diesel engine, the compression indicator is at least 20 kg*cm2. If the compression is lower, the unit is repaired.
The KAMAZ 740 engine does not develop full power
- Replace the air filter;
- Adjust the fuel supply angle;
- Clean the injectors, adjust the injectors;
- Repair the injection pump;
- Check the operation of the KAMAZ injection pump.
Uneven operation of the KAMAZ 740, KAMAZ 4310 can be caused by loss of functionality of individual injectors, a malfunction of the high-pressure fuel pump or its regulator. Damaged injectors must be replaced, and the injection pump, as a more expensive part, is checked on a fuel stand and repaired if necessary.
Filter elements
There is a situation when the KamAZ 3110 does not pull uphill, the reason for this lies in the lack of fuel entering the engine combustion chamber. Another characteristic feature is that the car twitches, the power plant does not work confidently.
A common cause is a clogged filter element. As a rule, a KamAZ vehicle is equipped with two fuel filters - coarse and fine. The coarse filter is installed in conjunction with the fuel pump, or is inserted into the fuel supply. A thin filter is located directly in front of the injectors. If one filter element does not perform its function, the engine does not have enough fuel. As a result, the motor does not use its full potential.
KamAZ, fuel filter:
In addition, the purity of the air supplied to the cylinder is important for mixture formation. The air filter element is responsible for this indicator. Often, the air filter becomes clogged in the summer, when the car is used in conditions with high dust concentrations. Dirty air does not allow the working mixture to fully burn, as a result, power is lost, the unit does not pull, and fuel residues are deposited in the form of deposits inside. To avoid these troubles, filter elements are changed as needed.
Symptoms of malfunction of fuel injection pump KAMAZ 740, fuel injection pump KAMAZ 4310
Malfunctions of fuel pumps and regulators manifest themselves in a violation of adjustment due to wear of parts, which results in the occurrence of extraneous noise, overheating and fuel leakage.
The main reason for the malfunction of the fuel pump is wear of its parts, weakening of the tightness in the fits, increased gaps in the moving joints, violation of the location of the parts, and deposits on the surface of the parts in the form of dirt and carbon deposits.
The consequence of pump malfunctions can be a decrease in the supply of fuel in the required quantity and uneven supply. Failure to properly supply fuel is usually caused by wear of plunger pairs, pump discharge valves, plunger drivers, rack clamps, rack teeth and bushing gears, and clogging of injectors. Such malfunctions lead to a decrease in engine power and efficiency.
Uneven supply of fuel to the engine cylinders will lead not only to unstable operation at low speeds, but also to interruptions in the operation of individual cylinders, which will be accompanied by vibration of the engine block.
Fuel injection pump malfunctions include uneven start of injection and delay in injection timing of a multi-section pump, which occurs due to wear of the pusher adjusting bolt, roller axis, pusher and roller housing, ball bearings, as well as wear of the cam shaft.
Wear of plunger pairs and injection valves significantly affects the change in the fuel injection advance angle.
- The KAMAZ engine does not start or starts poorly;
- Uneven operation of the KAMAZ engine;
- During operation, noises and knocks from the KAMAZ engine occur.
Exhaust
In pursuit of environmental standards and compliance with Euro standards, modern internal combustion engines are equipped with catalysts, afterburning mechanisms, and probes. Therefore, moments when KamAZ, which meets Euro 4 standards, does not meet the requirements, occur frequently. The point is the catalyst, the inside of which contains a special composite filter. The filter components further purify the gases. If you use fuel that does not meet the established standards, the filter quickly becomes clogged and fails. Sensors automatically reduce the speed of the power plant, as a result, the car produces insufficient power. To fix the problem, the part is changed.
KamAZ, catalyst:
The main reasons why the KAMAZ engine does not start:
- There is no fuel in the fuel tank;
- Presence of air in the fuel system;
- Clogged or contaminated fuel lines of the KAMAZ power supply system;
- The fuel has thickened due to low temperatures;
- Malfunctions of the high pressure fuel pump (injection pump malfunctions)
- Clogged fuel filters.
To determine the malfunction of the power system, you should follow the chain from less expensive and costly faults to more costly ones, taking into account the flow chart for repairing the power system.
Distinctive features
Five-speed gearbox diagram
The KamAZ 154 gearbox is a reliable transmission system that includes a 5-speed gearbox. manual box, 2-speed divider. This box is a modification of the 152nd model. It contains wear-resistant elements. In particular, these are several shafts, a gear transmission, a clutch, and synchronizers. It should be noted the presence of a drive, which includes a lever support for changing gears. The vibration isolator does its job effectively. Changing speed modes on the “mechanics” occurs without delay.
The gearbox has a ground gear ring, which helps reduce noise from the gearbox when moving. The spare part is wear-resistant. Its working life exceeds several hundred thousand km.
Machines of this class are characterized by the presence of jet thrust, which helps reduce the impact of vibrations and loads on working units during movement. The product is made of durable material and is wear-resistant. This mechanism includes bushings. If their working abilities are lost, body swaying may occur when changing speeds. Also, the oil seal must be checked.
The available divider includes:
- one pair of spur gears;
- two shafts;
- synchronizer;
- gear shift mechanism.
The presence of a multiplier on the 154 gearbox allows you to increase power evenly. Thanks to this, the transmission system experiences less stress. Due to its dimensions, this auxiliary device takes up relatively little space. If the pneumatic divider control system is clogged, the gearbox may not engage. The solution in this situation is to flush the air ducts and valves.
The shaft bearings present are covered with covers. They have a high accuracy class. The secondary shafts are distinguished by their high hardness and reliability.
Thus, every component related to the gearbox is created using high-quality materials. The shafts have a high safety factor and are designed for a long service life. The technical characteristics of the model 154 gearbox satisfy many potential heavy-duty vehicle owners.
The gas pedal does not work due to electrical wiring
The second brigade faced a similar case, only in the near Moscow region. This time a KAMAZ with a broken gas pedal. A minor problem was also the engine harness, which was successfully repaired. It must be said that our craftsmen work quickly and accurately, and if clients had a shadow of doubt, it was only because of the speed of our work. Everything is clear, fast and competent. The work of our specialists is especially valuable.
A Tale of Heavy Duty Years. Why am I disappointed in KamAZ trucks? Part seven
Now, having briefly talked about a little-known neighboring country, where I “went” for many years, I will continue the story about my own fate, the fate of the column and the Soviet state, which, alas, can no longer be seen on maps.
My first KamAZ - wow, and I loved it at first! But what about a boy’s dream, comfort, coziness. Then disappointment came, although no, not like that: an unpleasant aftertaste remained.
The first flight on it, I’m bursting with importance, I’m walking just like a zeppelin, just look - I’ll burst! But BAM was not built right away! At first they gave me a “scoop”, I collected it, and they respected me. Next you need to work on the “scoops” until they take a closer look at you - what kind of watermelon are you? If you're a slob, you'll die on the Soviets. If you have any sense, in a couple of years you will end up in the flight detachment. And then, as the map falls, there will be a place for you. The strictest thing is pourers. But the mortality rate there is many times higher: the mountains don’t joke! Yes, and “sinkachmo”, no one canceled it, and our drivers - so the more difficult the route, the more bold water they eat. They forget that all troubles come from blueing and sloppiness!
Of course, they didn’t let me go to Mongolia right away: I had to work for at least six months on domestic transportation. Then do 25 training flights to Mongolia, but this will not be to the detriment of work. Then an exam every six months - technical. at least with the gays in the exam. Not much pleasant, but tolerable.
Each entry into Mongolia requires 4 stamps. Six months, a year - to issue a new passport, and this is time. In the Union it took 2 months to process it. So, the column traveled around the Union.
In general, I skated everything required and set off on my first flight to Mongolia. Loaded at the Iskozh plant in the satellite city of Abakan - Chernogorsk.
There was an industrial center there: 3 coal mines, POSHSH, ISKOZH, KSK, ZhBK, KPDS plants, a brick factory, a cement plant and much more. I was loaded with sheet paranit, everything was according to the standard, exactly down to the gram, 18 tons. Loading took the whole day: cargo at the plant - transported throughout the social camp - not transported! There are a lot of cars, loading for export is a separate terminal.
There are “peak” ones at the exit beyond the checkpoint. These are businessmen from the union republics, often from the mountains. Their cooperatives were already flourishing! They slow down and offer to buy half the load! I send everyone, honest and stupid.
Brakes on KamAZ are a disaster for all cows! I rolled down the mountain, did five brakings - the pads were already warmed up! Then push, don’t push - there are no brakes, as if there were no brakes!
For this reason, an empty KamAZ flies home at 80-90 km/h. That’s why everyone tried to escape from the Mongols empty-handed. I didn’t worry, I crawled loaded at both ends. The salary is higher, the convoy plan is larger, and I also rode in internal transportation in Mongolia, for this they always gave me new spare parts at the first request, they didn’t humiliate me with the return, my bosses loved me for it.
I drove on tires that had been tested on ZiL: highway 280. In the winter in the mountains it’s dreary, but chains make all the difference. Basically I just installed it. Later I found a way to contact one warrant officer, who sold me rubber for trawls, also for 280, but for large tons. There was no wear to it: it was soft, did not get warm and did not wear out. Then I came up with a way to cut its tread and make it more roadworthy.
How long or short did it take me to arrive in Ulan Gom, where they have their own Tsentrosnab. Master Mongol came up to me and took the docks. I’m standing in line, waiting, there are a lot of columns. Everyone in front of me has unloaded and is starting to pull out those behind me. I’m going to be indignant - there is zero benefit. Complete ignorance from the Mongols! It's a foreign country, you can't jump high. But taking domestic transportation for life is like two fingers on the asphalt! One call from Mongolia and that’s it – you’re “persona non grata.” I stand there, wait a day, go again after lunch to the management - the effect of a swamp, again ignored. It's Saturday, the weekend is non-working, I'm sad and furious with powerlessness and hopelessness.
Saturday, morning, there is silence at the base, there are few cars - only those “lucky ones” who managed to drop by on Friday before 16:00. Men drink, with “Do you respect me?” they go straight into your soul. In the end, I broke the noses of two very respected people and made a Mongolian face, with all my broad Russian soul! It has eased slightly, but the others won’t bother.
After lunch, the same foreman who took the docks from me comes and says: “If you unload it yourself, I’ll accept it!” And he explains in detail that only fools bring 15-20 tons to Mongolia, because the Mongols will not unload anything more than 10 tons for a long time! You can’t take it with a crane, it doesn’t take punishment. The Union did not pack with pallets. Pallets - there was no such word in everyday life! Unloading is only individual.
I drive there - the journey is 700 km, the road sucks, 2nd, 3rd gear, crawling for 3 days. I came close, there was a huge plant there: BelAZ trucks were rushing around, everything was spinning, working. They drive it into the ATC, under a gantry crane. They say: open the starboard side and unhook, drive away. And the crane just picks up and turns over my semi-trailer! That's it, go home! A local supplier makes me an offer: we’ll load you with Belazov engines to the Chernogorsk repair plant, we’ll give you 100 rubles in travel allowance! I’ll draw up the report myself, just sign it. I've learned my lessons, I'm not a fool. I'm loading up and finally heading home!
Each driver had his own schemes to obtain excess profits: hunters were hooked on brick, cement, and lumber. They loaded 20 tons, half were immediately sold and rolled lightly to the Mongols. ( Awnings and containers were not practiced in the Union.
) In the same way, I later built a house for myself: I need a brick for the house - I bring bricks, I need cement - I bring cement!
I worked a lot then, I didn’t get off flights! In 1996, when I had worked in the column for 7 years, an order came to enlarge the column, combining 3 columns into one: 1259, 1260 and 1253, renaming it column 1260!
There was such a time - they loved to enlarge everything, and as in the rule that works to this day: break what works well and is well-established, and support what is lame and falling apart. For example, column 1253 never worked in the interregional direction - they walked around the region in worn-out KamAZ and ZILakh133 G2 vehicles, and there were also Urals 377 there. The new column 1260 went to Mongolia, under reefs and bulk. The column was famous for its nepotism and projectism. The chief engineer was an angry and tough man with exorbitant ambitions. Whole com. Column 1260 consisted of dismissed and retired employees of internal organs and civilians. Therefore, it is probably not surprising that all the commanders were engaged in extortion from the drivers. As we say there: “If you don’t anoint it, you won’t go!” For release on the line - a thrasher, for a flight to the Mongols - a tweet! For a new part - chirp, quarter, no - go look in the scrap metal! The new KamAZ then cost two or two.
As you yourself understand, it was impossible to continue working in this mode; something had to be decided quickly. Previously, I managed to exchange my Dnepr for a Zhiga “Kopeyka” in a sad state - literally by keys and nuts. And it was this “Kopeyka” that later turned my fate around.
Glow plugs
The glow plug, located in the combustion chamber, is an integral element of a modern diesel engine. The part helps to ignite the fuel charge and makes the combustion intense. Considering the fine-tuning of modern engines, a malfunctioning spark plug leads to a loss of unit power, and at temperatures of +5° and below, it becomes difficult to start the engine.
KamAZ, glow plug:
To avoid troubles, monitor the instrument panel readings: a non-working glow plug indicator is the first sign of a problem. In addition, if the indicator burns longer than expected, it indicates a malfunction of the thermal switch or temperature sensor.
Carrying out diagnostics of glow plugs will help to avoid problems with loss of power.
