Gate size for trucks GOST

The history of car service stations (service stations) begins in 1908, in the USA, when Henry Ford began producing production cars with the “T” index. The brilliant automaker had a goal to make the car mass-produced, and Ford, for the first time in history, used car assembly on an assembly line. Mass production of cars entailed the creation of a systematic approach to establishing maintenance and repair of a large number of cars. Thus, Ford is the first in the world to create a proprietary system for vehicle maintenance and repair. Today there are car services for both cars and trucks. The purpose of this review is to consider the issues of design and organization of car services for freight (commercial) vehicles.

Important : the manufacturing plant Stahlberg has its own design and engineering department. Our team of experienced specialists is ready to design, produce and build a high-quality turnkey service truck of a prefabricated type from metal structures with sandwich panel fencing. You will be pleasantly surprised by the competitive prices and high level of service in our company.

Optimal width of entrance gates

You need to think about this as soon as it’s time to arrange the entry zone. At this stage, many make the main mistake - they move in like a neighbor, or according to general recommendations, without taking into account the specific situation.

I want to make a sliding gate and I’m wondering how wide the opening should be for it.

I determined for myself the span length for sliding gates to be 4 meters.

I wonder if anyone has made an opening only 3.5 m wide. Is it convenient to use such a gate?

According to PaniMarin, an opening with a width of 3500 mm is too inconvenient, but a lot depends on the turning angle from which the car enters.

Although there is an opposite opinion.

We want to make sliding gates 3.5 m long only for the passage of cars.

But the user of the portal krust has a four-meter swing gate, and he would like to make it even wider, but it’s too late.

And I will make a 5-meter gate so that trucks can safely enter. I think that a heavy truck, not in a straight line, and even with a turn, simply will not fit into an opening 3.5 m wide. 4 meters is the bare minimum.

So, how many people, so many opinions. Some believe that a gate width of 3.5-4 meters is sufficient, while there are situations where even 6 meters may not be enough. What does this depend on? To understand this, you need to answer the following questions:

What is the width of the driveway?
What kind of transport (cars or trucks) will enter the gate.
At what angle will cars enter (45 or 90 degrees).
Is there a platform and free space to drive in to spin around, or should the truck drive in “from the wheels?”
What kind of gates do you plan to install: sliding or swing gates?
How much space is allocated for parking?

At first glance, it seems that all this is unnecessary, and you can take the average value of 4 meters and not bother, because gates with a length of over 4000 mm (non-standard) automatically lead to an increase in the cost of the entire structure of the entrance zone.

I installed swing gates 5 m wide on my plot. The plot is quite large, 30 acres, but the road width is only 3.5 m, and it is very important to take into account the angle at which the car will drive. When I started making gates and “sunk” the opening 1.5 m deep into the plot, the neighbors laughed at me. But when the mixer could not reach one of them, and he asked me to pass the concrete mixer through my gate, I realized that I had done everything right.

Important: the design of the gate greatly influences the possibility of unhindered entry . For example, preliminary calculations showed that an opening width of 4 meters is sufficient, but we must take into account that sliding gates slide to the side, and swing gates have doors that greatly narrow the space for maneuver.

For example, the doors should ideally open 180 degrees. If the swing gates are equipped with automation, then the drive narrows the opening, and in addition, the automation (drive) does not allow the doors to be opened more than 110 degrees.

Those. under the same conditions, sliding gates open a full opening, and swing gates create a corridor. Also, the doors of swing gates can open outward or, if space allows, into the site. But this means that you will have to clear twice as much snow - in front of the gate and on the site.

It is more convenient and safer to enter through a wide gate. When building the fence, we made two swing gates - 3 and 4 m. We constantly use the large gates for trucks to pass through.

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Home » New items » Width of KAMAZ dump truck with mirrors

Calculation of the optimal width of swing and sliding gates

Many people, when calculating the width of the gate, act according to the following scheme - they take the width of the truck, add another 1 m to it (as a reserve) and think that they did everything correctly and the car will pass freely. For example, the dimensions of a conventional KamAZ-based dump truck:

length – 6685 mm;
width – 2500 mm.

The length of the mixer is already 8.7 m + side mirrors that protrude beyond the dimensions of the truck. Total: a heavy truck can only pass through a 3500 mm wide gate in a straight line. Those. in fact, in order to enter, a truck must turn around on a neighboring site or on a drainage ditch, and if the road is narrow, then only a passenger car will pass through such a gate.

My old gate was 3.5 m wide with a road width of 4 m. Even ZIL couldn’t drive into it, I had to remove one post. There is not even any talk about KamAZ passage.

If it is not possible to simulate the situation in real life , for example, when a truck arrives, estimate the width of the opening by driving in pegs or laying bricks, then you can calculate the opening virtually, drawing everything to scale. To do this, we will use the Ivolgass scheme.

As you can see in the diagram above, the truck will not physically fit into an opening 3.5 m wide. Even taking into account the increase in the turning radius due to the ditch (about 5.5 m in total), most likely the KamAZ will not fit into the opening or will fall with its wheel into the drainage system. Therefore, a user of the zorg portal believes that it is necessary to immediately lay out the maximum possible width of the opening for the gate, for example, 5 m.

The neighbors' gate width is 3.5-4 m. Only Gazelle can enter freely. The heavy truck no longer fits in. It’s better to overpay than to run around and think about how to get a crane or concrete mixer onto the site.

For clarity, how the width of the road affects the size of the gate, we present the vopofoto diagram.

There are also situations when 5 m is not enough width.

I want to make sliding gates 5500 mm long. Now there are five-meter swing doors. The road is narrow - 5.5 m. If a neighbor puts a fence across the road, then a heavy truck will definitely not enter.

As a result, the user, having purchased a kit for sliding gates with an electric drive and a beam 7 m long, welded them himself.

For a portal user with the nickname Pedestrian, the situation is even more complicated. Difficult entrance to the site and garage for two cars. There is no room for maneuver; the distance from the fence to the gate is only 5 meters. Therefore, he made sliding gates 7500 mm long.

Of course, we had to spend money. I laid a reinforced beam. The gate is already three years old. They work fine. The only drawback is the large windage, so sometimes the doors “do not catch each other”, and you need to monitor them until they close completely. But this is a small matter.

The portal discusses the optimal width of the entrance gate.

Other types of special equipment, their dimensions

Thanks to large vehicles, you can earn in business no less than others. Thus, each special equipment has its own advantageous dimensional characteristics and the ability to transport a certain number of tons:

Overall dimensions of the dump truck

The overall dimensions of the KamAZ 5511, which is also called a “dump truck,” allows the vehicle to be used for transporting stones, earth, bricks and other natural or non-natural materials.

KamAZ 5511

The total capacity is 10,000 tons;
Gross weight – 19000 kg;
Maximum speed – 90 km/h;
Engine power – 210 hp;
Length – 7.125 m;
Height – 2.708 m.

Truck 4310 for transporting people in the back

The dimensions of the KamAZ 4310 allow you to transport even people in the back. Loading capacity is 8000 tons;

Gross weight – 15635 kg;
Maximum speed – 90 km/h;
Engine power – 210-220 hp;
Length – 7.625 m;
Height – 3.59 m.

Car 4308

Vehicle 4308 KAMAZ (intended for transportation of liquid substances):

KamAZ 4308

Total capacity – 5800 tons;
Gross weight – 11900 kg;
Maximum speed – 80 km/h;
Engine power – 210 hp;
Length – 7.43 m;
Height – 2.62 m.

Farmer 65115

The dimensions of the KAMAZ 65115 body will allow you to transport any products, construction materials, etc.:

Hold about 6000 tons;
Gross weight – 25200 kg;
Maximum speed – 80 km/h;
Engine power – 250 hp;
Length – 6.69 m;
Height – 2.955 m.

Many other KAMAZ models, the purposes of which are very diverse. You can read about them here.

Today it is impossible to list all types of special equipment. There is too much of it on the market, and each specific car model has its own characteristics, dimensions, dimensions, load capacity and operation. Kamaz also produces new models, a list of which is in our article - here.

You may also be interested in an article about all Kamaz models.

Location Features

If the construction of a cottage or house is only at the development stage, then you need to select the optimal location for the gate structure. Initially, you need to determine whether the gate will make it difficult for cars to enter from other areas, or whether it will block traffic if it is located next to the roadway.

It is not recommended to install gates for entering a private house, the doors of which open to the street. This may interfere with other road users.

Choosing the Right Location

It is worth thinking about how to most conveniently position the gate in advance; it would be best to provide for all the nuances when developing the project. The first factor that needs to be taken into account is the compatibility of the gate with the overall exterior of the house. The gate must fit harmoniously into the overall composition. However, in pursuit of beauty and pleasant appearance, one should not forget about the convenience and safety of the future location of the gate.

An example of a gate that fits well into the exterior Source alutech-group.com

Dimensions of gates and wickets for a private home

The size of the entrance opening for passenger cars can start from 250 cm in width. But it must be taken into account that in the future, freight vehicles or special equipment may also enter the site. For example, a tractor whose width is more than 250 cm. That is why it is advisable to install gates starting from 330 cm.

Practicality of check-in

How convenient and practical the entry will be depends significantly on the nearby road, as well as on the maximum turning radius of the car. If the distance between the road and the entrance to the territory is equal to the turning radius of the car or greater than this value, then in this case a car driving perpendicular to the center of the gate will enter with a margin on both sides of the car to the gate opening.

Near a private house

If the opening is narrower than the turning radius of the car, then it will be necessary to drive at an angle, cutting off the turn, so there is a high probability of crashing into a curb or pole.

In this situation, it is advisable to make a wider passage through the gate, within 3.5–5.2 m. If proper passage is still not provided, then it is advisable to move the gate structure into the yard by 1.3–1.7 m.

This solution is especially relevant for houses and residential buildings with narrow streets, a constant flow of cars, when, in order to enter the territory, it is necessary to cross the axis of the roadway.

Most often, the average turning radius for passenger cars is approximately 5.7–6.8 m, for trucks and long trucks – about 7–9 m, for a fire truck – up to 10 m.

Metal doors

Calculation of the size of the gate

Before installing a gate for a fence made of brick or corrugated board, you need to determine what the structure will be and what size it will be.

Calculation of the height of a gate made of corrugated sheets:

Standard height is 190 cm.
Taking into account the requirements, the gate rises above ground level by 10 cm.
Total height – 180 cm.
A 2 cm allowance is made for cladding at the top and bottom of the frame.
The total height of the frame without covering is 1760 mm.

Diagram with dimensions

What is the required width of the gate in the fence:

Most often, the width of the opening between brick supports is 1.1 m.
Bars for fastening the gate with a thickness of 50 mm are fixed to the supports.
1100 − 50 − 50 = 1000 mm.
A gap of 15–25 mm on both sides is taken into account.
Frame width – 950–970 mm.

Gate in a brick fence

Dimensions of the gate for wheelchair users

As a rule, the standard width of a wheelchair for disabled people is 630–680 mm. The minimum opening should be 710 mm. This should be enough for travel.

But it is worth considering that disabled people move by turning the wheels with their hands. And if the stroller is placed closely between the opening, you can injure your hand. To prevent this, the minimum width of the gate should be 810–850 mm.

Lane width on the road

Often, many traffic violations and accidents are not the fault of drivers, but due to the narrow width or small number of lanes on the road. Thus, road signs or traffic lights are often obscured by branches or architecture, and because of potholes on the highway, motorists are forced to go around potholes and drive from one lane of the road to another.

You can also reduce your guilt or completely “amnesty” it if you drove into the oncoming lane while performing a maneuver, and the width of the lane itself turned out to be too small. Simply put, the road workers decided to save money and made a too narrow road instead of a wide one.

The Russian Federation has specially developed GOSTs and SNiPs (in particular SNiP 2.07.01-89, which clearly specifies the requirements for the geometric parameters of the roadway and individual traffic lanes.

Width of the roadway according to GOST

The width of one lane depends on many parameters:

where is the road - city, outside the city;

maximum speed on a given route;

number of lanes;
the significance of the route is federal, republican, local.

The maximum bandwidth in Russia is 3.75 meters . These are:

high-speed highways (up to 130 km/h), with 4-8 lanes in both directions;
main city streets, designed for speeds up to 100 km/h, 4-8 lanes.

GOST also states that the total width of such a highway (4 lanes in both directions) should be 15 meters. This does not take into account dividing structures and curbs. If we are talking about an 8-lane highway, the width of the roadway should be, accordingly, 30 meters.

If we consider that the width of an average passenger car is 1.8 meters, then two cars could pass in one lane, but it would be a very tight passage.

Also, according to the same GOST, a width of 3.5 meters is allowed. This category includes:

main roads with controlled traffic, designed for a speed limit of no more than 80 km/h, and consisting of 2-6 lanes in both directions;
city roads, with controlled traffic, speed limits up to 80 km/h and a number of lanes from four to eight;
transport and pedestrian roads of regional significance (with a curb for pedestrians), speed limit no more than 70 km/h, 2-4 lanes;
streets and driveways leading to various transport, manufacturing or scientific enterprises where there is heavy traffic of trucks.

That is, on the central streets of cities where there are traffic lights, reversible traffic lights, and separate sidewalks for pedestrians, the width of one lane must be at least 3.5 meters.

Well, the narrowest roads are 3 meters wide. Although there is a special requirement that in case of repair work or due to the disgusting condition of the road, the width of the lane can be reduced to 2.75 meters.

Vehicle traffic on roads narrower than 2.75 meters is prohibited . As a rule, these are various bicycle or pedestrian paths, special entrances and exits from adjacent areas for special equipment. This rule may not apply to transport of city utilities or to vehicles for delivering goods, and so on.

The following types of roads can have a width of 3 (2.75) meters:

streets in residential areas;
driveways in parks or industrial zones (not main, but auxiliary);
secondary roads leading, for example, to remote urban settlements.

It is clear that on such sections of the route there are special requirements of traffic rules: limiting the speed limit to 30-40 km/h or up to 20 km/h in a residential area of a residential area, giving priority to oncoming traffic, giving priority to pedestrians and cyclists. Through traffic may also be prohibited.

What to do if you violated traffic rules on a narrow road?

If an accident or violation of the rules occurred on a road whose width exceeds 2.75 meters, you, unfortunately, will not be able to prove anything. One of the points of the traffic rules states:

“The driver must take into account the traffic situation and the condition of the roadway.”

However, often in the autumn-winter-spring period one can observe a picture when the width of the lanes is significantly reduced due to snow dumps that were not removed, but simply moved to the side of the road. Or, for example, when motorists cannot pass each other in a courtyard on a narrow road.

An interesting fact - according to statistics, the majority of accidents and head-on collisions outside the city occur precisely because of narrow roads or with a small number of traffic lanes.

The most common violation on such roads is driving into oncoming traffic (Administrative Code 12.15 Part 4 - a fine of 5,000 or imprisonment for six months). If an inspector stops you and proves that you have crossed a solid road, the only thing left for you to do is measure the width of the road.

If it turns out that a 4-lane road is narrower than it should be (not 15 meters, but 12 or even less), you can demand that the violation be qualified under Code of Administrative Offenses 12.15 Part 3 - driving into oncoming traffic while avoiding an obstacle. The fine under this article is 1000-1500 rubles.

Fence gate sizes

The first thing you need to start from when determining the size of the gate is what kind of transport will enter the summer cottage or the territory of a private house. It’s one thing if only passenger cars enter the territory, but another thing if trucks enter the territory.

Drawing for making sashes from corrugated sheets

The width of the gate to the site is selected for different cars, of course, different. That is, the required dimensions of the entrance gate will differ. It is advisable to initially rely on trucks (for example, KamAZ type).

Doors made from corrugated sheets of a private house

Cars

As a rule, the width of these cars is in the range of 1.6–1.8 m. Jeeps and Gazelles are slightly wider. But most often this value is no more than two meters.

That is, for these cars the standard gate dimensions are 2.6 m. If you enter the territory carefully, then this reserve (the gap remains approximately 35 cm) is quite enough.

Trucks

In this case the situation is different. For example, the width of a ZIL is 2.5 m. Accordingly, the minimum gate opening above is not enough to enter the dacha of this vehicle.

Width of welded products in the fence

It is necessary that the width be at least 3.1 m. If the site allows, then it is advisable to do more.

This will make it easier for truck drivers to enter.

Flatbed trucks - Kamaz

Onboard KamAZ

A little earlier, people got used to transporting agricultural products (grain, fruits, vegetables, etc.) on trucks (they used KamAZ 5320), the body dimensions of which were inconvenient:

Gross weight – 18225 kg;
Load capacity – 8000 kg;
Maximum speed – 80 km/h;
Engine power – 250 hp;
Length – 8.53 m;
Height – 3.36 m.

The width of the Kamaz flatbed body was standard (at that time) large sizes:

Gross weight – 15305 kg;
Load capacity – 9000 kg;
Maximum speed – 80 km/h;
Engine power – 225 hp;
Length – 7.435 m;
Height – 3.36 m.

Now the KAMAZ agricultural truck, the body dimensions of which are presented in a more compact version, is very popular (model 45144), as it was developed using modern technologies:

KamAZ 45144

Gross weight – 25200 kg;
Load capacity – 14200 kg;
Maximum speed – 80 km/h;
Engine power – 260 hp;
Length – 8.5 m;
Height – 3 m.

Likewise, the size of the Kamaz wheel is thinner , which allows it to drive across the field and not harm the grown crops.

Frame width

The width of the KamAZ frame also allows you to drive even the highest crops, since it carries a fairly high weight - 33,000 kg;

Load capacity – 23600 kg;
Maximum speed – 80 km/h;
Engine power – 294-400 hp;
Length – 7.71 m;
Height – 3.01 m.

The car is ideal for exporting grown crops , even though three large men will not fit in the back or will have difficulty getting in there.

Optimal gate width in a private house

The optimal width of street openings is 3.5–4.1 m. At this length, both trucks and cars can pass normally.

Dimensions of profiled sheet sashes

Naturally, you can make an opening more than 5 m. But this will significantly increase the cost of the gate. And it won’t add any special benefits. Therefore, there is no great need to install this structure.

The optimal width dimensions are 3.5–4.1 m. This is the standard that is mainly used.

Features of swing structures

The height of these structures for a country house, as a rule, is no more than 3.1 m, for industrial premises - 5.1 m. As the height increases, the weight of the doors and windage increases. This can significantly complicate the operation of the product.

Frame diagram with dimensions

The width is selected individually in each specific case. Main parameters for calculation:

the width of the car that most often passes through them: the largest width of the car is taken plus the margin for free passage. For the private sector, 3.1–3.3 m is quite enough - usually the width of a passenger car (for example, a Volkswagen Golf or Polo) is no more than 1735 mm plus 50–60 cm on each side;
free space to open.

It is not advisable to make large structures unnecessarily, since a large area will increase the wind load. Also, the structure will be very heavy, as a result of which it will be necessary to further strengthen it.

The weight of metal doors will depend on the material used for manufacturing. An approximate calculation is performed as follows:

Facing – sheet steel. The thickness of the skin is 1.6 mm, the total weight of the standard design is about 75 kg.
Frame – profile pipe 4x4 cm. Weight of 1 m of professional pipe – about 1.5 kg. For a structure with a width of 3.1 m and a height of one sash of 2.1 m, the perimeter is 13.02 m. One sash is reinforced with horizontal crossbars - 1.6 m. That is, about 21 m of corrugated pipe will be required, the weight will be 31.7 kg .

Briefly about the main thing

Deciding what the width of the gate will be is not an easy task, since it is determined by many factors.

First of all, you need to decide on the location of the gate. They need to fit into the surrounding space, provide convenient entry and road safety.
The width of swing gates reaches 3 m, sliding gates are usually made about 4 m wide, and for folding gates there is no exact value, since their width is determined by the thickness and the number of sections.
Garage doors have special requirements. When calculating their width, the dimensions of the machine are taken into account.
The most acceptable width of a fence gate is 1 m.

The recommended width of the gate for entry is considered to be 3.5 - 4.1 meters wide.

Requirements for garage doors

SNiP and GOST do not regulate how many meters the dimensions of a garage should be. Only recommendations and tables are provided on the characteristics of garages for cars, distance from individual housing construction (IHC), as well as other neighboring buildings.

The dimensions will depend on the type of structure:

Drawing with the width of the product for the garage

The standard size is calculated taking into account the width of the car plus 90 cm on both sides (car door opening) or in the range of 2.6–2.9 m. For jeeps, trucks or minibuses, the height of the gate plus 40 cm should also be taken into account.

These are the optimal dimensions of gate leaves. Many companies adhere to this standard, for example, Doorhan, Hormann, Alutech.

Sketch with dimensions of garage doors

Calculation for several cars

In some cases, parking for several cars is required. If garage doors are needed for two vehicles, then the dimensions in this case are calculated as follows:

The width of the two cars is determined with the distance required for open doors between the cars and near the walls of the garage.
When determining the height, the height of the garage owner plus 25–35 cm is taken into account. As a rule, the upper door strip is located at a level of 2.3 m.

Optimal size for garage

The manufacture of garage structures is most often carried out without taking into account the size of the doors and the popularity of the material used. If there is a problem with the size of garage doors, then you should choose standard products. Very large doors will begin to sag under their own weight over time. The hinges will sag and a skew will form.

GOST does not define the rules and regulations for installing garage doors.

Therefore, when developing a project and making a drawing for making a garage door with your own hands, you need to proceed from the width of the car and its open doors.

To prevent the canvas from deforming so quickly, a gate is made in the sash. This is especially true if the car is used infrequently. The size of the front door, as a rule, is slightly higher than the average height of a person, and often much smaller.

When choosing, you need to focus on the strength of the metal, as well as the thickness of the material. Otherwise, the sash on which the front door is located may sag.

Automatic roller shutters most often have a one-piece design. In this case, deformation may also appear over time due to the non-standard size. However, thanks to the guide rails, it will be insignificant.

The widest and most expensive designs are roller shutter and sectional. The price of sliding structures is the most affordable. This is a traditional gate and therefore the most popular. More detailed information about the gates can be found in the Vorota section of the website.

It is best to determine the size of the garage door at the time of design and construction of the garage in order to create the necessary opening in the wall. At this stage, it is advisable to select a manufacturer and find out whether they have the availability or the ability to manufacture gates of the desired type. For convenient and comfortable operation of the entire structure, you need to take into account many factors and conditions that affect the dimensions.

"Kamaz 55111"

Gross weight – 22400 kg;
Load capacity – 13000 kg;
Maximum speed – 90 km/h;
Engine power – 280 hp;
Length – 6.7 m;
Height – 2.85 m.

A separate article is devoted to this model.

Most drivers, after making the decision to purchase large equipment, began to open their own businesses, and their profits became significantly greater.

Additionally, such large equipment is used for industrial or military purposes (see here). Thanks to it, it is possible to carry out cargo transportation on a large scale. Read about Kamaz - container carriers.

Factors influencing garage door sizes

When calculating the size of a garage door, the following factors should be taken into account:

It is important to determine in advance the maximum number of cars that will simultaneously pass through the gate and be in the garage.

If you are not sure whether you will have another car in the future, it is better to immediately build a two-car garage

The gate should be larger if the entrance to the garage is located at an angle

Installation of swing gates is the most budget option

The space for a car to pass will be smaller, since some space will be taken up by the frame element on which the gate leaves are attached.

Basic conditions that must be met when determining the size of a garage door:

the height of the gate is 20 cm greater than the maximum height of the car;
the width must be greater than the dimensions of the vehicle by the distances indicated in the table below depending on the location of the passage (the table values are applicable only for those vehicles whose dimensions do not exceed 6 m in length and 2 m in height).

Table: determining the width of the gate

Location of the passage in relation to the plane of the garage door	The distance by which the dimensions of the gate exceed the width of the vehicle
perpendicular	0.7 m
at an angle	1m

If the opening requires the simultaneous entry of two cars, then when calculating the width of the gate, the distance between the cars should be taken into account, which should be more than 0.5 m.

The design of the gate must provide unimpeded access for the owner and his car, as well as protect the garage from intruders.

Utility rooms

Depending on the multifunctionality and capacity of the service station, operating mode, etc., it is necessary to plan the following premises:

administrative premises (office);
recreation room and/or kitchen;
locker room;
bathroom;
shower;

Depending on the customer’s capabilities, the size of these rooms may vary, but a minimum level of comfort for normal work must be ensured.

READ ALSO: At what depth do you need to bury fence posts made of corrugated sheets

So, the above lists the main factors that need to be taken into account when pre-designing a truck service center. But there are others that can influence the customer’s decision regarding the size of the service station building through their cost. First of all, this is the concrete slab of the base and walls of the building.

Concrete floor covering

A heavy dump truck or tractor unit has a large axle load. Therefore, the flooring of a car service center must be appropriate.

As a rule, the more powerful the car, the heavier it is. And to reduce the pressure on the road surface, commercial vehicle manufacturers are designing an additional wheel axle. The weight of the car is distributed across all axles, remaining within the permissible loads on the road surface. However, when designing the base of a service station building, you need to take into account the maximum possible weight of the brands of cars being serviced and, based on it, plan the thickness of the base. In the vast majority of cases, a concrete slab thickness of 200 - 250 mm is quite sufficient. Having the thickness and area, it is easy to calculate the total volume of concrete for the construction of the base slab. Next, we add the current market value of concrete to the calculation and the amount is ready.

External fencing of the building

Since the service station will most likely carry out work accompanied by high temperatures (gas-electric welding, metal cutting, etc.), the use of non-combustible materials is required when cladding the walls of the service station building. In this case we are talking about sandwich panels with mineral wool:

Wall panels MVP-S (mineral wool wall panel)

Roofing panels MVP-K (mineral wool roofing panel)

This material is non-flammable and provides good thermal insulation. The optimal panel thickness for Moscow and the Moscow region is 100 mm for walls and 120 mm for ceilings.

Standard sizes of garage doors of various designs for a passenger car

The parameters of the garage opening differ from the type of gate used. In each case, GOST must be taken as a basis.

What should swing gates be like?

This is the simplest design for organizing a garage entrance, which, compared to modern analogues, has a low price. The advantage of this design is that it is equipped with a gate through which the owner can, if necessary, enter the room without opening the massive door leaves. But if the garage is supposed to store two cars at once, then its installation will be impractical, since large canvases will seriously load the framing elements and fastening points, which can negatively affect the geometry and strength of the entire system. In this case, the best solution would be to organize two independent working openings with gates for each car.

Organization of separate entrances for each car

For calculation, we take the parameters of a standard passenger car: length - 4500 mm; width - 1725 mm; height - 1445 mm. To the actual height of the car, it is necessary to add the dimensions of the expected luggage equipment that is attached to the roof (racks, structure for skis, snowboards, boats or bicycles) and possible cargo, because it is always more comfortable to do unloading work indoors. For example, the height of equipment with a load is 40 cm. Dimensions of swing gates for entry of one car:

the gate height (H) should be taken no less than the obtained value: H ≥ (1, 445 + 0.4) + 0.2 = 2.045 m;
the minimum width (S) for a perpendicular passage to the gate plane is calculated as follows: S ≥ 1.725 + 0.7 = 2.425 m;
minimum width (S) for a passage located at an angle to the gate plane: S ≥ 1.725 + 1.0 = 2.725 m.

Ceiling height in garage

The interior space and size of the garage affect the convenience of its use. There should be enough space in the room for spare parts, mechanisms, placement of various tools and car maintenance. To safely operate a car in a garage, it is necessary to correctly calculate its height.

According to SNiP, it must be at least two meters and the choice of a larger value is not limited.

Any owner may well be satisfied with the lower limit for a passenger car. But you won’t be able to feel comfortable in such a room. This is not just a place where you park your car. Its maintenance and repairs are also carried out here. If the garage is built into a residential building, then the cargo transported in the car is constantly unloaded and loaded. In this case, the trunk should open completely, which should not touch the roof, ceiling, or automatic gate. The distance between the actual ceiling and the floor (or ground) level determines the height of the ceiling. During the construction of a garage, a level is considered to be a completely finished version of the floor with a finishing coating or laid decorative tiles.

Data needed to calculate the optimal ceiling height:

The height of the car itself;
Place under the ceiling where lighting and elements of automatic gates are located (300 mm);
Distance at which the trunk opens safely (500 mm);
Headroom (free) for the garage (200 mm).

Dimensions and principles of calculation of gates for trucks

Calculation of gate sizes for large cars is carried out by analogy with calculations of gates for passenger cars. In this case, the recommended distance by which the opening should be wider than the vehicle increases and is taken from the table depending on the location of the passage to the gate plane and the dimensions of the vehicle.

Table: gate width with a perpendicular driveway

Vehicle length	Vehicle width	The distance by which the width of the gate must exceed the width of the car
from 6 to 8 m	from 2 m to 2.5 m	1m
more than 8 m	more than 2.5 m	1.2 m

Table: gate width with inclined driveway

Vehicle length	Vehicle width	The distance by which the width of the gate must exceed the width of the car
from 6 to 8 m	from 2 to 2.5 m	1.5 m
more than 8 m	more than 2.5 m	2.0 m

In addition, the minimum distance between trucks in case of their simultaneous passage increases to 0.7 m.

For calculation, we take the main parameters: length - 6263 mm; height - 2400 mm; width - 2755 mm

Calculation of the minimum dimensions of swing gates for the passage of one truck with the dimensions indicated in the diagram:

height (H) ≥ 2.4 + 0.2 = 2.6 m;
width (S) with passage perpendicular to the gate plane: S ≥ 2.755 + 1 = 3.755 m;
width (S) for a passage located at an angle to the gate plane: S ≥ 2.755 + 1.5 = 4.255 m.

Repair inspection ditch or lift

In fact, some work is more convenient and faster to carry out in a ditch, while others are carried out on a lift. Both options have their advantages and disadvantages.

Maintenance, where the principle is to spend as little time as possible on installation, is best done in the ditch. Major unit repairs are usually carried out on a lift, when there is no need to lower bulky and heavy spare parts and assemblies into a ditch.

It is advisable to equip the ditch in such a way that mechanics do not have to climb to the surface every now and then. It must be equipped with everything necessary: operating fluid distribution systems, an oil collection and distribution system, waste materials removal, air, light. Only large services with high turnover can take advantage of this recommendation. Small companies will have to choose. The main argument against a ditch is its higher price. Building the right ditch, convenient and safe for work, with built-in wiring, in accordance with all SNIPs, is a rather complicated and expensive task. Ditch construction requires careful design and constant monitoring at all stages. Another point is that the ditch is even larger than a stationary lift, requiring planning of the workshop space. Its presence greatly complicates the maneuvering of cargo transport in the workshop. But the ditch is very good if you plan a through passage. And if it is possible to build a ditch and equip it with all the necessary equipment, then its presence significantly speeds up vehicle maintenance.

Instead of a ditch, stationary lifts can be used. An alternative to both the pit and the lift are mobile rolling columns.

The main advantage of rolling columns is their mobility. It is much more convenient to bring them under the car than to maneuver a huge truck in the workshop. Another plus is that roll-type columns allow you to service machines outside the workshop (for example, on the site in front of a service station). In any case, each of the options has the right to life.

In the case of a ditch, it is necessary to take into account several parameters, including: groundwater level. According to GOST, it should not be less than 2.5 m from the soil level. Otherwise, it is impossible to build a ditch.

The dimensions of the universal ditch are as follows:

100 cm wide
670 cm in length;
180 cm – to the level of the car wheels (this may be higher than the level of the service station floor)

REPAIR AND INSPECTION DITCH PLAN

Also, when planning a pit, a wheel guard is provided to prevent the car from falling into the pit and there is space for free access to the steps of the stairs to descend into the ditch. In this case, the length of the car, the platform in front of the steps, the length of the span with steps (1750 mm according to GOST) and the minimum distance to the wall in front of the car are taken into account.

Video: how to make a garage door with your own hands (drawing, work procedure)

Garage doors are often considered to be a simple design, so their installation is often left to the very last moment, assuming that you can always choose the finished product to fit the existing opening and car. This is partly true, especially if your vehicle has standard dimensions. But even in this case, the calculation will be useful, since various factors can have a significant impact on the choice of design. Therefore, it is so important to carefully and in detail analyze the information at the design stage in order to choose the ideal option in terms of technical characteristics and economy that is suitable for you and your garage.

How to avoid difficulties when transporting goods?

If the intended moving route runs through an area unfamiliar to you, you should seek help from a transport company and pay a moderate fee for the services of a professional logistician. The specialist will adjust the route taking into account the parameters of your vehicle and the specifics of the cargo being transported. This way you will save effort, time and, accordingly, money.

When you know what difficulties await you on a well-known road, but you still need to transport the cargo, do not refuse the services of carrier companies. They will find a way to complete a task with maximum efficiency and take responsibility for the result.