Review of MTZ-82: technical characteristics, device, description

History of the Belarus tractor

The predecessor of the modern MTZ-82 "Belarus" entered production in 1974. The Council of Ministers of the USSR ordered the launch of production of universal row-crop tractors with a power of 75-80 hp. The model was made on the basis of the previous version of the tractor - MTZ-50. The new car received a cabin with a large glass area and a new engine from the Minsk Motor Plant.

Photo source: alfa-industry.ru

Hydraulic system

Separately, the training manual on the design of the MTZ 82 tractor examines the hydraulic system of this model of agricultural machinery, which is necessary for the equipment to be aggregated with mounted and semi-mounted units. It includes:

• hydraulic pump;
• distributor;
• hydraulic cylinder;
• hydraulic booster;
• hydraulic accumulator;
• power regulator;
• pipelines;
• filters;
• oil tank.

To create the required flow of working fluid, the hydraulic system includes a pump NSh 32, which produces 45 l/min. It is driven by a separate rear PTO gear. For uninterrupted operation of the tractor, its hydraulic system requires the use of oil recommended by the manufacturer and replacement of the hydraulic filter.

Technical features of the Belarus tractor

• MTZ-80 is the base model of the Belarus family with a rear drive axle of traction class 1.4.
• MTZ-82 is its all-wheel drive version.
• The frame is semi-frame: it includes semi-frame spars and elements of the load-bearing structure.
• The rear drive wheels have a larger diameter, and the front (steer) wheels have a smaller diameter.
• The tractors are equipped with four-cylinder diesel engines with liquid cooling. Starting is carried out using an electric starter.
• The manual transmission has 18 forward gears and 4 reverse gears. The gearbox transmits torque to the rear axle, equipped with a differential with an automatic locking function (implemented using a clutch).
• The front drive axle has a portal structure, thus maintaining such an important property as high ground clearance. The front axle is equipped with a self-locking limited slip differential. The rear axle suspension is rigid, and the front axle suspension is semi-rigid, with a balancer axle.
• The track is adjustable, which allows you to choose the distance at which the wheels are located, depending on the characteristics of the field being processed.

Engine

As standard, the 82nd model of Minsk tractors is equipped with a four-cylinder, four-stroke diesel engine D-240 with a power of 240 hp. Its main systems:

• cooling;
• gas distribution;
• nutrition;
• launch;
• crank mechanism.

It is possible to increase the engine life and dynamic performance of the unit by installing a continuous-type working chamber with double fuel injection. Its chamber is spherical, due to which mixture formation is enhanced and conditions are created for vortex flows with the release of heat. To maintain temperature balance, the D-240 motor housing is made of cast iron.

The basis of the engine is the cylinder block, to which all other parts are attached. It is in this part that combustion of fuel occurs. To increase engine power, nozzles regulate the supply of diesel fuel.

Purpose of the remaining elements:

• the crank mechanism is involved in converting the rectilinear reciprocating motion of the piston into the movement of the crankshaft;
• the gas distribution system allows air into the cylinder and exhausts exhaust gases;
• lubricant reduces friction and reduces the overall temperature inside the engine, protecting it from overheating;
• the power supply complex provides direct fuel supply;
• The starting system starts the engine.

Modern modifications of MTZ

sells Belarus tractors in various versions, as well as attachments for them.

The basic version 80.1 has a 4×2 wheel arrangement

“Belarus-82.1” is also available with a 4x4 wheel arrangement. This tractor is equipped with a rear hydraulic line.

The more modern model “Belarus” 82.1/35″ has a number of differences and improvements compared to the basic MTZ-82. Among these differences are a sprung operator's seat, a climate control unit, access to the cab from two sides, LED optics, and improved noise and vibration insulation.

The version with hydraulic creep reducer expands the range of speeds at which the tractor is capable of operating, which is important when processing certain crops, where equipment often needs to move across the field at a speed of less than 1 m/s.

A version with a beam front axle is also available . The reinforced front axle allows you to load the equipment more heavily, using it as a loader, but its agricultural clearance is approximately 20% lower than the base one.

BELARUS 82.3 , introduced in 2022, is also on sale The new model has a number of differences from its predecessor.

Motor specifications

The MTZ-82 four-cylinder engine, D-243 series, with a displacement of 4.75 liters. Produced at the Minsk Motor Plant. Does not have turbocharging. The cylinders are placed in a vertical position. Semi-separate combustion chamber. When transporting, the unit is capable of reaching speeds of up to 34 km/h.

Other engine features:

• fuel tank volume – 130 l;

• power – 81 l. With. (horsepower);
• specific fuel consumption is on average 220 g/(kW h).

The MTZ-82 special equipment has a mass of 3.77 tons and a load capacity of 3.2 tons.

Features of the new “Belarus-82.3” 2022:

1. Reinforced half frame.
2. Enlarged front wheels.
3. New muffler located behind the right front pillar.
4. Plastic cladding in a new design.
5. Road lenses and work LED headlights.
6. Modern instrument panel with color LCD display.
7. Air conditioning as standard.
8. Electrically controlled mirrors.

Ready-made special equipment based on the MTZ tractor is also sold. For example, a harvesting machine from Smorgon Aggregate Plant OJSC, equipped with a blade and a brush (other attachments can be installed at the client’s request).

Reviews

• Alexey, Ryazan. Belarus MTZ 82 is the best tractor in the world in terms of ease of maintenance and cost of ownership. In addition, it is already very productive, designed to perform a wide range of tasks. This includes hilling, cultivation, harrowing, processing of hard virgin soil, and many other tasks. The machine has also proven itself well when loading cargo and towing heavy trailers, in utility work, etc. Not a bad tractor. The main thing is to always have a tool nearby, as frequent breakdowns occur. But if you know the structure of the tractor well, then there shouldn’t be a headache.
• Leonid, Pyatigorsk. MTZ 82 is a popular domestic tractor suitable for agriculture, transport and industrial work. The machine supports a wide range of attachments and is characterized by good maintainability and durability. Operating the tractor is easy and convenient - thanks to ergonomic controls and instruments that are at hand. Load capacity over 2-3 tons is excellent for this traction category. The machine is capable of transporting cargo over short distances, plowing and loosening the soil, and taking an active part in planting and harvesting crops. All this is possible thanks to the support of various options. The disadvantages include a weak and noisy motor that quickly overheats. He needs to take breaks more often so that the engine does not get heatstroke. The gearbox works with delays, but our workers have already gotten used to it. The main thing is that the machine works and does not bother you with breakdowns during operation, although the MTZ 82 can be repaired in the field.
• Nikolay, Stavropol region. A good productive tractor that my father worked on. I learned a lot on this car. The machine turned out to be very easy to learn and operate. All controls are located conveniently, and you don’t have to reach for them. The tractor is undemanding in terms of fuel quality and does not have any complex electronics. Of course, this only makes maintenance easier. All spare parts can be found on the secondary market, as well as the necessary attachments. In terms of ease of maintenance, the MTZ 82 model was much better than the more modern John Deere and New Holland machines that I now work on.

Application area

The MTZ production apparatus developed from the middle of the last century is actively used in agricultural farms and public utilities even today. In the rural area, eighty-second is used for the following:

1. Soil preparation. They plow virgin or already cultivated lands, harrow and cultivate plots.
2. Application of mineral or organic fertilizers.
3. Implementation of agrotechnical activities. With the help of a wheeled tractor, they carry out sowing work, spray plants, and harvest crops.
4. Cargo transportation, as well as loading/unloading.
5. Harvesting hay for animal feed. The combination of a tractor with a mower makes it possible to mow large areas of land.

In addition to farmers, MTZ-82 is used in public utilities. Main types of work:

1. Digging holes. The rear coupling mechanism allows you to install a 0.4 m³ bucket on it for excavating soil from a depth of up to 3 m.
2. Laying communications. You can attach a chain soil cutter to the tractor. The equipment cuts a trench 1.5 m deep and 0.2 m wide in any soil, including asphalt pavement.
3. Clearing the area of ​​debris or snow. The front blade blade installed on the device will turn the MTZ-82 into a wheeled bulldozer.
4. Formation of wells. When aggregated with a drilling and crane machine, it is possible to make deep holes for installing power line supports or other mechanisms in them.
5. Street sweeping. An active cylindrical brush, rotated by the power take-off shaft (PTO), does an excellent job of removing debris and dust on sidewalks or roads.
6. Involvement of auxiliary mechanisms. The engine torque is used to drive pumps, pump out water, and branch choppers.

For your information! In total, over 230 machines and implements can be combined with agricultural equipment, and the increased speed of up to 33.2 km/h made it possible to use the tractor more efficiently for transport work.

Attachments for MTZ-82

Initially, the design of the Belarus tractor of this model was designed for the possibility of using a large number of types of attachments. Over time, the list of such mechanisms only expanded. Today, the choice of attachments for a tractor is practically unlimited, here are the main ones:

• Blades and brushes.
• Excavator bucket.
• Front loader.
• Cultivators.
• Milling cutters.
• Seeders.
• Plows.
• Planters.
• Rake.
• Hay mowers.
• Balers and much more.

Such a large and varied range of equipment used is due to the use of a 3-point fastening system, which has proven itself well during operation and is currently considered the most reliable among all those used on high-traction class agricultural machines.

Models

The device, developed by the Minsk Tractor Plant, incorporates experience in the production and operation of agricultural machinery. The universal base model MTZ-82 performs a huge range of tasks assigned to the device. But based on this unified tractor, the developers made a number of more targeted modifications. Narrow specialization made it possible to more effectively cope with specific work.

MTZ-82.1

Basic model of the latest generation. In general terms, this is the same MTZ-82, only with an improved modification. Very minor changes were made to the design. All that remained from the prototype were the power unit, the front half-frame, and the engine. Changes affected the cabin, actuators, engine control system and electrical equipment. Operating the device has become more comfortable, and exhaust toxicity has decreased several times.

Optional equipment

For MTZ-82 you can always choose attachments to perform various types of work (front loader, utility brush, etc.). For this purpose, the tractor has a corresponding 6-outlet hydraulic system.

Additional equipment for MTZ-82:

• rear wheel doubler – reduces pressure on soft soil when working in fields to grow crops;
• hydraulic tow hook and pendulum towbar - indispensable for aggregating the tractor with various types of towed machines;
• holder with front weights - necessary to ensure optimal traction of the front wheels with the ground;
• weight for the rear wheels - necessary to ensure better traction with the road surface.