YaMZ diesel engine. YaMZ-236 on ZIL – Trucks – 2022

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27.09.2021

ZIL-4331 belongs to medium-tonnage trucks, the carrying capacity of which ranges from 6-8 tons, depending on the modification. Produced at the plant named after. Likhachev, starting in 1987. Able to withstand heavy loads and achieve considerable mileage while being in full working order. For this reason, it is still in great demand among buyers.

Diesel production 236

Yaroslavl Motor) has been mass-producing diesel power units since 1958. It was this year that the plant was repurposed, which had previously produced heavy-duty vehicles, and even earlier buses, trolleybuses, and cars. Initially, the new plant continued the production of diesel engines that were used to equip previously assembled trucks.

In parallel with the development of serial production, the development of new engines was carried out and after some time the line of produced engines increased. The plant began to produce power units for various purposes with power from 180 to 810 hp. With. At the very beginning of the sixties, production of the most famous YaMZ engines began: YaMZ 236, 238, 240. The engines had great unification, which speeded up the production process, and differed in power due to the use of a different number of cylinders (from 6 to 10). This made it possible to install new diesel engines on the most diverse types of vehicles, special machines and industrial equipment.

ZIL-4331 in the model range

The predecessor of the truck was the well-known ZIL-130. By the end of the 50s it was already outdated and required obvious modifications. Users were not satisfied with two main parameters: too much fuel consumption and low carrying capacity. Due to the first factor, the ZIL-4331 with a diesel engine replaced it.

But the assigned tasks caused many difficulties for the manufacturer and plant developers, which led to an unreasonably long development and implementation process. Most of this was due to the need to create a completely new engine for a new truck model. All this led to the start of production only in 1987.

At the beginning, the ZIL-4331 was produced with a ZIL-508.10 gasoline engine and only over time was equipped with a ZIL-645 engine, which already represented a diesel version. Then, in 2003, the production of the truck was stopped, although even the day before they wanted to start producing it together with Renault, DAF, Foton, etc.

Next, a successor to the ZIL-4331 should have appeared, it would have been the improved model ZIL-432940. It involved the use of MMZ D-245 and YaMZ-236 diesel engines. But development was completed only in 2011, and it never reached the production line.

According to your needs

It is advisable to install lighter and more compact YaMZ-236 on medium-duty and cross-country vehicles. Depending on the version, their power ranges from 150 to 250 hp. pp., which is quite enough to meet the needs of vehicles transporting goods over a short transport distance. The advantages of these motors include:

• Economic efficiency, consisting of acceptable fuel consumption and low repair and maintenance costs.
• A satisfactory weight-to-dimensions ratio, allowing the YaMZ-236 to be installed on various ZIL models without major modifications associated with an increase in the load on the front axle.

Motorists who have experience in operating vehicles with such power units note an improvement in traction characteristics without compromising handling and maneuverability.

For those who intend to regularly carry out large-scale transportation of goods over considerable distances, moving along roads with high-quality road surfaces, it makes sense to give preference to motors of the YaMZ-238 family. Under such conditions, the use of engines of greater power and displacement will be completely justified, since the average speed will increase, and operating costs will be determined per 1 ton of transported cargo.

Yaroslavl engine under the hood of a ZIL

K. Zakurdaev, V. Alyaev

Today we can confidently say that the cooperation between the Moscow AMO ZIL and the Yaroslavl JSC Avtodizel (YaMZ) has become very successful for these two enterprises. Especially for ZIL, whose medium-tonnage models with YaMZ-236A diesel engines under the hood turned out to be very useful on the Russian market: many transport enterprises immediately showed far from idle interest in the new product. This is not surprising, because Yaroslavl engines ended up in the engine compartments of ZILs largely thanks to the wishes of the transport workers themselves.

It is the high reputation of the power units produced by Avtodiesel among the overwhelming number of Russian carriers, and also among their colleagues from the CIS countries, as well as the availability of a large number of spare parts for these engines that can be called the main reasons that pushed Muscovites to cooperate with Yaroslavl. Another equally significant reason for this step is AMO ZIL’s lack of its own diesel engines of the “645” family, produced in Yartsevo, and now at the plant’s branch in Novouralsk for its two- and three-axle medium-duty models. Avtodiesel is also interested in supplying its power units to ZIL, thereby acquiring a new, largest customer in the CIS, which will largely compensate for the decline in orders from KrAZ, MAZ, UralAZ and other traditional partners caused by a decrease in their production volumes.

The interest of transport enterprises in cars with Yaroslavl power units is not surprising. It's no secret that engines bearing the YaMZ brand have proven themselves to be reliable, unpretentious, durable and of high quality by Russian standards. These advantages outweigh in the eyes of consumers both the fact that the first modifications of these engines were put into mass production about 30 years ago, and the fact that they are heavier and more “gluttonous” than many of their more modern analogues. In addition, if we compare the Yaroslavl diesel engine currently installed on two-axle models of the plant with the ZIL-645 and ZIL-6454 engines, it can be noted that, compared to the latter, it has a significantly greater maximum torque, which, moreover, it achieves in comparison with ZIL-645 at a lower number of revolutions, which also has its advantages.

YaMZ-236A fits quite well into the engine compartment of AMO ZIL vehicles. It is a V-shaped “six” with a displacement of 11.15 liters, developing a maximum power of 195 hp. (143 kW) at a crankshaft speed of 2,100 rpm and a maximum torque of 716 N•m (73 kgf•m) at 1,200 – 1,400 rpm. This is quite enough for the maximum speed of single vehicles to be 115, and for a road train to be 90–95 km/h.

Thanks to the use of YaMZ-236A, the plant was able to increase the total weight, and therefore the payload, of its vehicles. Indeed, the carrying capacity of flatbed trucks with a Yaroslavl engine has increased from 6 to 8 tons, and the load on the fifth wheel of tractors has increased from 6.2 to 8.1 tons. In other words, by installing engines produced by YaMZ on their trucks, AMO ZIL did not simply duplicate their own engines, which, as mentioned earlier, are in short supply. He managed to bring to the market trucks and truck tractors with new consumer properties, which occupied their own separate niche on it.

Of course, the installation of the YaMZ-236A instead of the native, “six hundred and forty-five” diesel engine and an increase in load capacity required changes in the design and characteristics of some components and assemblies of the vehicle.

Due to the lower speed of the Yaroslavl diesel engine, an overdrive gear (i = 0.81) has been introduced in the 9-speed gearbox of the Smolensk Automotive Aggregate Plant (a branch of AMO ZIL), which is also used with its own engines of the “six hundred and forty-fifth” family. -for which direct transmission, previously the last stage, moved to the penultimate position.

In addition, the modernized “box” uses improved synchronizers, and the first gear ratio is made somewhat smaller. At the request of the customer, it is possible to combine with YaMZ-236A and gearboxes of the Tutaevsky Motor Plant (number of stages 5 or 8). However, it should be taken into account that although Tutaev gearboxes were originally designed for this engine, which undoubtedly benefits them, their cost significantly exceeds the cost of Smolensk gearboxes.

In order to increase the load-carrying capacity of vehicles with Yaroslavl engines, ZIL developed and put into production a new 10-ton bridge, which differs from the previously used 8-ton bridge mainly in a reinforced beam, an improved final drive, more efficient brake mechanisms and the possibility of equipping them with an anti-lock braking system. The front axle beam has also been strengthened, the permissible load on which has been increased by 500 kg. In addition, all vehicles equipped with the YaMZ-236A are equipped with more solid tires of increased size and load-carrying capacity.

Currently, AMO ZIL has already put into production several car models equipped with the Yaroslavl YaMZ-236A diesel engine. However, its installation on Zilov trucks and truck tractors is only the beginning of close cooperation between Moscow automakers and Avtodizel JSC. In the very near future, it is planned to equip the trucks with the more modern and powerful YaMZ-236NE. This engine, unlike the YaMZ-236A, is equipped with a turbocharger and, most importantly, meets Euro-1 environmental standards.

Description

Due to the cessation of production of AI-80 since 2012, Novomoskovsk Automobile Repair Plant OJSC is reducing prices for car re-equipment. For a long time, NARZ OJSC has been engaged in major repairs and re-equipment of engines of the ZIL family, GAZ of the PAZ bus and has rightfully earned the people's calling not only on the territory of the Tula region, but far beyond its borders. Highly qualified personnel and reliable equipment provide the plant with a guarantee of quality and a short period of time during which repairs are carried out. Engine repairs are guaranteed for 1 year or 20,000 km. Conversion includes: engine d - 245.12s, engine conversion kit, work on replacing a gasoline engine with a diesel one, running the car around the territory, the entire package of documents for registration with the State Traffic Inspectorate, since JSC NARZ is a certified enterprise for the re-equipment of vehicles with the installation of diesel engines d - 245, YaMZ - 236.

End of production

Today the plant named after. Likhachev has already been liquidated, the workshops and buildings of the organization have been demolished. There is only one workshop left, No. 6, which assembles government limousines. It is not surprising that the production process of ZIL-4331 has also been stopped. But there are other logical explanations for this.

Despite its many advantages, ZIL-4331 was not in great demand, since it was born a little late. This was due to sudden and irreversible changes in economic conditions. And the land in the center of the capital began to cost unrealistic money, so it is not surprising that they decided to sell it off.

Characteristics of the YaMZ-236B motor

Having looked at the detailed characteristics of the YaMZ-236M2-1, it becomes clear why owners of the ZIL 131 want to install it in their car.

YaMZ-236 does not emit harmful substances and does not harm the environment. The manufacturer claims zero environmental parameters, which makes the naturally aspirated engine one of the weakest in the power range of YaMZ engines. The manufacturer states that this parameter for engines in the YaMZ-236A modification is 195 hp, and the minimum for the deformed YaMZ-236G is 150 hp. The devices are used as a motor for vehicles that drive both on asphalt roads and off-road. These parameters, as well as a number of other significant characteristics, made it possible to use the six-cylinder YaMZ 236 in trucks.

Engine YaMZ-236

The diesel engine had the most compact dimensions and the smallest weight of the new line of engines. These and other parameters, including rated power, made it possible to successfully use, first of all, the six-cylinder YaMZ engine on trucks. YaMZ-236 had the following main technical characteristics, which ensured the motor's wide application:

• type – four-stroke;
• maximum power – 230.0 l. With.;
• speed – 2100 rpm;
• working volume – 11.5 l;
• number of cylinders – 6 pcs.; cylinder arrangement – ​​V-shaped;
• angle – 90 degrees;

Technical features of ZIL-4331

As mentioned above, despite the idea of ​​​​the ZIL-4331 exclusively with a diesel engine, the truck was also produced with gasoline and even carburetor engines. The ZIL-645 plant’s own development appeared much later. Therefore, the main types of motors throughout history:

• carburetor ZIL-508.10;
• identical ZIL-508300;
• diesel ZIL-645;

YaMZ-236 (installed exclusively independently, that is, by folk craftsmen).

Main overall dimensions and weight indicators of ZIL-4331:

• dimensions: 6.37 x 2.422 x 2.81 meters;
• wheelbase 4.5 m;
• ground clearance 330 mm;
• distances between wheels: front - 1.93 m, rear - 1.85 m;
• the weight of the truck is 4.82 tons without equipment and 5.3 with equipment;
• if a full load is required, the weight will be 11.7 tons;
• fuel tank 170 l;
• coolant capacity 27 liters.

Advantages of the 236 motor

Simplicity of design is the main advantage of YaMZ engines. YaMZ-236, in addition, has the following advantages:

• high-quality traction indicators;
• simple and inexpensive maintenance;
• reliability;
• maintainability;
• affordable cost;
• the possibility of using domestic lubricants and consumables;
• the presence of various modifications;
• increased resource.

These advantages, together with the good technical characteristics of the YaMZ 236 engine, provide the diesel engine with wide application. Currently it is installed on the following equipment:

• cars; MAZ;
• “Ural”;

How to install the YaMZ-236 engine on a ZIL 131

The owner of a ZIL-131 can independently replace the YaMZ-236 engine. To perform the installation correctly, you must carefully follow the instructions in the instructions:

• A traverse from the new KrAZ is installed in front of the vehicle. It is necessary to drill two holes in the frame, install a traverse and secure the structure with two bolts. During installation, it is necessary to ensure that the height of the structure is selected correctly.
• The steering column must be turned to the side by 5 centimeters and placed on its side so that the column does not touch the intake manifold. The engine mount must be installed using the KrAZ mount.
• The ZIL 131 clutch must be in direct traction. The rear crossbar can be taken from MAZ. It is important to monitor the level during installation.
• The first cardan can be taken from MAZ, and the second from ZIL. The short universal joint is cut off and welded to the flange. The muffler must be installed on the left and right sides of the ZIL 131.
• The cabin needs to be raised by 8 cm. Using a level, you can measure the angle of the cabin and select the height at your discretion.
• It is better to use the ZIL version as a radiator. To prevent the radiator from interfering while driving, it must be turned to the side.

Gearbox YaMZ-236

Gearboxes for the YaMZ-236 family of diesel engines are five-speed, mechanical, three-way gearboxes with synchronizers in 2-3 and 4-5 gears. There are five gears for forward movement and one gear for reverse movement.

YaMZ-236 gearbox diagram:

1-clutch release; 2-primary shaft; 3 and 15 bearing caps; 4-clutch housing; 5 and 10 synchronizers; 7-ball retainer; 8 and 22 fifth gear gears; 9 and 21 third gear gears; 11 and 19 gears of the second gear; 12-gear first gear and reverse; 13-top cover; 14-secondary shaft; 16-flange; 17-intermediate shaft with first gear; 18-gearbox housing; 20-oil pump intake with magnet; 23-gear power take-off; 24-gear drive of the intermediate shaft; 25-oil pump; 26-axis reverse gear unit; 27-reverse gear block; 28-gear speedometer drive.

This is a fairly reliable box, which is confirmed by its installation on heavy-duty equipment operating in difficult conditions. Gearbox components and parts are made from high-quality materials. The good maintainability of the YaMZ-236 gearbox allows you to repair both its individual parts and replace entire units.

Modifications

Box modifications: YaMZ-236P, YaMZ-236PO, YaMZ-236N, YaMZ-236L, YaMZ-236U, YaMZ-236UO. They all have different purposes and depending on this, one or another gearbox is installed on the engine.

YaMZ 236P is considered the base model. There is a plug on the cover of the device, and on the cover of the output shaft there is a flange that ensures the operation of the speedometer and a driveshaft flange.

YaMZ 236P3 is manufactured for a diaphragm clutch. It is distinguished by the presence of a clutch release clutch and a bracket that engages the cylindrical spring of the clutch.

YaMZ 236P4 differs from P3 in the end splines on the driveshaft flange.

YaMZ 236P5 is a basic gearbox model, on which a short lever is installed on the cover instead of a plug. Cardan shaft with conventional flange.

YaMZ 236P7 is a P5 model for a diaphragm clutch. It differs from the base model in the dimensions of the clutch, which disengages the clutch mechanism, and in the presence of an engaging bracket.

The YaMZ-236U differs from the 236P in the presence of a gear shift lever and the absence of a flange for the speedometer drive mechanism on the output shaft cover.

YaMZ-236U3 is a 236U for a diaphragm clutch. It differs in the size of the clutch release clutch and the presence of a bracket for engaging the clutch release coil spring.

YaMZ-236U4 and 236U are hermetically sealed, distinguished by cast clutch starter hatch covers, a breather is installed on the top cover, and a plug on the bottom.

YaMZ-236U5 – 236U3 in a sealed design for a diaphragm clutch. It is distinguished by cast clutch starter hatch covers, a breather is installed on the top cover, and a plug on the bottom.

Gearbox Specifications

• Torque – 930 Nm.
• Weight – 240-250 kg.
• Switching – Lever/flange.
• Fastening the cardan shaft – Smooth flange for 8 bolts M10*155mm.
• Power take-off – Through the crankcase from a spur gear (up to 29.5 kW/40 hp) or from a gear coupling (up to 73.5 kW/100 hp) (additional option).
• Application: KrAZ, MAZ, ZIL, Ural vehicles, MoAZ scraper, MAZ, LAZ, LiAZ, MARZ, Neman, Volzhanin buses.

Gear ratios