Technical characteristics of YaMZ-236, YaMZ-238 engines:
Number of cylinders: 6-8mm. Cylinder arrangement: double row at an angle of 90°. Cylinder diameter: 130 mm. Piston stroke: 140 mm. Cylinder displacement: 11.15-14.86 mm. Compression ratio: 16.5. Rated power: 180-240 mm. Nominal speed: 2100 rpm. Maximum torque: 67-90/80 kgm. Number of revolutions at maximum torque per minute: no more than 1500. Minimum specific fuel consumption according to the speed characteristic: 175. Idle speed per minute: minimum: 450-550; maximum: 2225-2275. Direction of rotation of the crankshaft (view from the fan side): right (clockwise). Mixture formation method: direct fuel injection. Combustion chamber: single-cavity piston. Valve timing: intake valve: opening: 20°; closing: 56°; exhaust valve: opening: 56° closing: 20°. Number of valves per cylinder: intake: 1; exhaust: 1. Valve disc diameter: inlet: 61.5mm. graduation: 48 mm. Valve stroke when fully open: intake: 13.5mm, exhaust: 13.5mm. Gap between valve and rocker arm (cold): 0.3mm. The camshaft drive is gear-type. Fuel supply equipment is of a divided type (high pressure fuel pump and injectors). High pressure fuel pump: spool type, six-section. The fuel priming pump is piston type. The speed regulator is mechanical, all-mode. Automatic clutch-regulator of fuel injection advance: centrifugal type. The nozzles are closed, with a multi-hole nozzle. Pressure for the start of lifting of the nozzle shut-off needle: 150 kg/cm2. Fuel filters: 1) coarse filters - with a replaceable element made of cotton roving. Filtration fineness 50-70 microns; 2) fine cleaning with a replaceable element made of wood flour on a pulver-bakelite bond. Filtration fineness 4-5 microns. Fuel is diesel. Air filter with oil bath and contact element. Pressure in the lubrication system: at nominal speeds: 4-7 kg/cm2; at minimum idle speed - not less than 1 kg/cm2. The oil pump is gear type. Oil filters: 1) coarse filters - with a filter element made of metal mesh. Filtration fineness 125 microns; 2) fine cleaning - centrifugal with jet drive, diesel with special additives. Engine lubrication oil is diesel with special inserts. The cooling system is liquid with forced circulation of coolant. The water pump is centrifugal type. The fan is axial, with a gear drive. The starting device is an electric starter, rated voltage 24 volts. DC generator, brand G-105B (not shielded) or G-107B (shielded); power 500 W; nominal voltage 24 volts. The material of the cylinder block is gray cast iron, special. The cylinder liners are wet, cast from special cast iron. There are two cylinder heads, one for each row of cylinders, cast from gray special cast iron. The crankshaft is forged steel, with counterweights. The surfaces of the main and connecting rod journals are hardened by heating with high frequency currents. Number of crankshaft supports: 4-5. Main and connecting rod bearings of the crankshaft, replaceable steel bearings with an antifriction layer of lead bronze. Piston material is aluminum alloy. Number of piston rings on the piston: 1) compression rings - 3; 2) oil scraper - 2. Piston pins - floating type; axial movement is limited by retaining rings. The connecting rods are forged steel with an oblique lower head connector. The flywheel is cast iron with a steel toothed rim for starting the engine with a starter. The pull-out levers are stamped steel (4 pieces), mounted on needle bearings. The gear ratio of the levers is 1: 5.4. Pressure springs - twisted from steel wire, cylindrical (28 pieces). The middle drive disc is made of cast iron and is connected to the flywheel with spikes. The driven disk is stamped from sheet steel. Friction linings are riveted on both sides of the driven disk. For the YaMZ-236 clutch, the driven disk is equipped with a damper device. The thrust bearing is a ball thrust bearing with permanent lubrication. Clutch release - cast iron; lubricated through a grease fitting and a flexible hose. Clutch housing - cast iron; It is bolted on one side to the flywheel housing and on the other to the gearbox housing. Overall engine dimensions (mm): length without gearbox and clutch: 1020-1222; length with gearbox and clutch: 1796-2069; width: 1006; height: 1195. Empty engine weight (dry weight) in kg: without auxiliary equipment: 820-1010; with a set of auxiliary equipment: 880-1070; with accessory kit, clutch and gearbox: 1170-1385; Refueling capacities (liters): engine lubrication system (without oil cooler): 24-32; cooling system (without radiator): 17-20; air filter: 1.6-1.4; fuel pump: 0.15-0.2; regulator: 0.15-0.15; gearbox: 5.5; gearbox remote control mechanism: 0.16.
Diesel engines in the modern world are installed on trucks, tractors, agricultural vehicles and tractors. The domestic analogue of reliable foreign engines is YaMZ-238. It is installed on such well-known vehicles as MAZ, KRAZ, KAMAZ, ZIL, DON, K-700 and other vehicles. Of course, the engine was originally intended for Minsky products. But over time it proved that the YaMZ-238 engine, whose technical characteristics are high, is the best diesel engine in the USSR and the post-Soviet space, and can easily compete with such well-known brands as MAN and DAF.
History of creation [edit | edit code]
At the end of the 1950s, the Yaroslavl Motor Plant was ordered to develop a more economical four-stroke diesel engine to replace the outdated two-stroke YaAZ-204 and YaAZ-206, as well as as part of the dieselization of transport. As a result, Yaroslavl engines became standard for the MAZ-500, KrAZ-255B, KrAZ-250, KrAZ-257, KrAZ-260, KrAZ-6322, and were also installed on K-700 tractors, armored personnel carriers, construction equipment, power plants, water transport etc. At the beginning of the 1960s, the engine was very modern and had high specific performance.
Service
Servicing the YaMZ-238 engine (the technical characteristics of which have high results) is quite easy and simple. Thus, regular replacement of oil and filters will not only allow you to reach the full operating life, but also, in some cases, exceed it. Let's look at what needs to be changed during regular maintenance:
- Oil in a volume of 25 liters. This is exactly how much is poured into this engine. By the way, lubricants such as M10G2K and M10DM are ideal for this diesel engine.
- Oil filter. Depending on the design and modification, it can be of different sizes and types.
- Fuel filters that must be replaced, since the quality of domestic fuel leaves much to be desired.
- Repair kits for coarse and fine fuel cleaning.
In some cases, the injectors and high-pressure fuel pump need to be cleaned.
Vast experience and a solid research and production base allowed the Yaroslavl Motor Plant to withstand tough market competition. Despite the impressive amount of diesel equipment from Asian countries, which is characterized by dumping prices and aggressive market policies, YaMZ engines have been serving well on trucks and special equipment for 40 years, in no way inferior to the best examples of Japanese and American manufacturers.
Device [edit | edit code]
The power supply system is a mechanical injection pump, one pump section per cylinder, with direct injection. Located in the camber of the cylinder block. The intake pipes are located in the camber of the cylinder block. Valvetrain OHV, the valves are located (2 per cylinder) in the head and are driven through rocker arms and rods from a lower camshaft located above the crankshaft and driven through two gears located at the front end of the engine and covered by a cover. The rods have roller pushers. At the crankshaft, the connecting rod journals are located at an angle of 90° (YaMZ-238), 120° (YaMZ-236), which ensures uniform flashes every 90° for YaMZ-238, but uneven (at 90° and 150°) for YaMZ-236 . The connecting rods are offset. Engine cooling is liquid. The cylinder liners are cast from high-strength cast iron. All intake and exhaust valves are equipped with two springs. A special lock connects the spring plate to the valve, ensuring its rotation when the engine is running.
The camshaft is stamped steel, movement from cams, individual for each valve, is transmitted by rods with roller tappets. The crankshaft is made of hot stamped steel. The 1st and 4th cranks are located at an angle of 180° in a plane perpendicular to the plane of the 2nd and 3rd cranks, which are also shifted relative to each other by 180°.
The high pressure fuel pump (HFP) is 6/8 plunger, located between the rows of cylinders. Drive - centrifugal clutch with automatic regulation of fuel injection advance. All plungers are arranged in a row.
The pistons are cast from high-silicon aluminum alloy, each with 3 compression rings and 1 oil scraper ring.
Type: diesel; Piston stroke: 140 mm; Valve mechanism: OHV (lower valve, overhead valve); Cylinder arrangement: V-shaped, at an angle of 90 degrees; Cooling: liquid; Cylinder block material: cast iron; Power supply system: mechanical in-line injection pump; Number of cycles: 4.
Repair
Repairing the YaMZ-238 engine is quite easy if you give it to specialists in this field. The main problem remains finding spare parts, but many manufacturers give you the opportunity to choose from a wide range. With the onset of the crisis, the pricing policy increased, but less than for foreign-made engines.
Let's consider which spare parts are changed more often during major repairs to which the YaMZ-238 engine undergoes. Technical characteristics in this case also play a very important role, since there are several generations of the motor, and therefore there is some dissimilarity. So, here is a list of spare parts:
- Crankshaft and camshaft oil seals.
- Shaft bearing.
- Sleeve kits (piston, pin, liner, rings).
- Connecting rod bushings.
- Exhaust and inlet valves.
- Valve seats.
- Guide bushings.
- Valve seals.
- and connecting rods.
- Filters.
- Oil.
- Gasket set.
- And other small details.
During repairs, the crankshaft is usually bored to repair dimensions, and the cylinder head planes are ground. The average cost of a YaMZ-238 overhaul is about 80,000-100,000 rubles, depending on the region and the selected spare parts. It's cheaper than buying a new engine.
Modifications [edit | edit code]
YaMZ-236 [edit | edit code]
- Number of cylinders: 6;
- Number of valves: 12;
- Working volume: 11,150 cm3.
- 150 hp (110 kW) at 1700 rpm - YaMZ-236G
- 165 hp (121 kW) at 1800 rpm, 736 N•m (75 kgf•m) at 1300 rpm - YaMZ-236NB
- 175 hp (129 kW) at 2100 rpm, 667 N•m (68 kgf•m) at 1400 rpm - YaMZ-236DK
- 180 hp (132 kW) at 2100 rpm, 667 N•m (68 kgf•m) at 1500 rpm - YaMZ-236
(basic) - 185 hp (136 kW) at 1900 rpm, 833 N•m (90 kgf•m) at 1300 rpm - YaMZ-236NK
- 210 hp (154 kW) at 1900 rpm, 882 N•m (90 kgf•m) at 1300 rpm - YaMZ-236ND
- 230 hp (169 kW) at 2100 rpm, 882 N•m (90 kgf•m) at 1300 rpm - YaMZ-236NE
- 230 hp (169 kW) at 1900 rpm, 882 N•m (90 kgf•m) at 1200 rpm - YaMZ-6563
- 230 hp (169 kW) at 2100 rpm, 882 N•m (90 kgf•m) at 1300 rpm - YaMZ-236N
- 230 hp (169 kW) at 2100 rpm, 882 N•m (90 kgf•m) at 1200 rpm - YaMZ-236NE2
- 250 hp (184 kW) at 2000 rpm, 1030 N•m (105 kgf•m) at 1200 rpm - YaMZ-236BK
- 250 hp (184 kW) at 1900 rpm, 1128 N•m (115 kgf•m) at 1200 rpm - YaMZ-6562
- 250 hp (184 kW) at 2000 rpm, 1030 N•m (105 kgf•m) at 1300 rpm - YaMZ-236B
- 250 hp (184 kW) at 2000 rpm, 1078 N•m (110 kgf•m) at 1200 rpm - YaMZ-236BE2
- 300 hp (220 kW) at 1900 rpm, 1275 N•m (130 kgf•m) at 1200 rpm - YaMZ-7601
- 180 hp (132 kW) at 2100 rpm, 667 N•m (68 kgf•m) at 1200 rpm - YaMZ-236M2
Present tense [edit | edit code]
These diesel engines are widespread due to the long-term production of cars with these engines (MAZ-500, their modifications, etc.). Despite the mediocre specific performance and outdated design as a whole (mainly the mechanical fuel system, which does not allow meeting standards higher than Euro-3, etc.), the engines are in demand in the 2010s due to satisfactory reliability, high maintainability, and the distribution of spare parts and low price in comparison with foreign analogues. For the same reasons (especially the last one), YaMZ-236/238 engines are also installed on new models of equipment. Some competition could be made by the KAMAZ-740 of similar power, design, price, but has lower reliability and other disadvantages, although it is popular, in addition, a fire at the KAMAZ plant in 1993 suspended the production of these engines and manufacturers of equipment that were equipped they began to temporarily install YaMZ-236/238 instead of it, until the production of KAMAZ-740 was restored. As of 2014, the engines were modernized to comply with Euro-2, -3 standards, mandatory for new cars produced in Russia, power was increased, for the YaMZ-236 up to 300 hp, for the YaMZ-238 - 400 hp .
As of 2014, the Yaroslavl Motor Plant (Avtodiesel) produces its successors, the YaMZ-530 diesel engines. At the same time, the 236/238 family has not been discontinued and the engines continue to be supplied as spare parts for previously produced vehicles, but the plant has not approved their use in new developments since 2013.
At the end of 2014, due to military operations in Ukraine, YaMZ stopped supplying engines to KrAZ [1].
Installation on other vehicles
The YaMZ-238 engine, whose technical characteristics are high, can be installed on other cars. Thus, cargo, construction and agricultural equipment were subject to modifications. For example, KAMAZ with the YaMZ-238 engine performed very well, which made it possible to reduce fuel consumption, unlike the original Kama engine.
Of course, on many cars it was necessary to redo the fastening elements of the power unit and install a different gearbox, but all this was justified during operation and repair.
Cars on which YaMZ-236 and YaMZ-238 were installed [edit | edit code]
- MAZ-500 (1965—1990). YaMZ-236 (180 hp).
- MAZ-503 (1965—1977). YaMZ-236 (180 hp).
- MAZ-504 (1965—1982). YaMZ-236 (180 hp).
- MAZ-509 (1966-1990). YaMZ-236 (180 hp).
- MAZ-516 (1973-1980). YaMZ-236 (180 hp).
- MAZ-5335 (1977-1990). YaMZ-236 (180, 300 hp).
- MAZ-5549 (1977-1990). YaMZ-236 (180 hp).
- MAZ-5551 (since 1985). YaMZ-236 (180 hp).
- MAZ-5432 (since 1981). YaMZ-238 (240, 250, 280, 300, 330, 360, 425 hp), YaMZ-236 (180 hp).
- MAZ-5516 (since 1995). YaMZ-238 (400 hp).
- MAZ-6422 (since 1978). YaMZ-238 (320, 330, 360, 425 hp).
- Ural-4320 (since 1993). YaMZ-236 (230 hp), YaMZ-238 (300 hp).
- KrAZ-255 (1967—1994). YaMZ-238 (240 hp).
- KrAZ-6443 (since 1992). YaMZ-238 (330 hp).
- KrAZ-6322 (since 1994). YaMZ-238 (330 hp).
- Ural-5323 (since 1989). YaMZ-238 (300 hp).
- KamAZ-5320 (1976—2000).
- LiAZ-5256.30 (2001-2004). YaMZ-236NE2 (230 hp).
- MAZ-104.X25 (2004-2005). YaMZ-236NE2 (230 hp).
YaMZ 238 motors, model range
The most used power unit in trucks and tractors was the YaMZ 238 Euro 0. From a technology point of view, the 238 model is very similar to the 236, except for the design of the cylinder block and the features of the intake and exhaust manifolds. The 236 has six cylinders and a custom manifold, while the 238 is an eight-cylinder model with a special intake manifold. In the database, all YaMZ 238 models do not have turbocharging. The power of the base engine is 180 horsepower for the derated version of the engine, and the most powerful model YaMZ 238M2 has 240 horsepower. These engines are used not only in cars and car chassis.
The equipment on which the YaMZ 238 power unit is used is quite diverse:
- scrapers;
- graders;
- bulldozers;
- tractors;
- track machines;
- agricultural machinery;
- road trains for underground work.
Additional Description
YaMZ-238BE, YaMZ-238DE Euro-1. Supercharged engines with LMC, MOP, incl. combine “DK”, YaMZ-238B-21, YaMZ-238DI, YaMZ-238B, YaMZ-238N, YaMZ-238L, YaMZ-238D, YaMZ-238BL, YaMZ-238ND5, YaMZ-238BV, supercharged engines with MOP Euro-0 .
The parts data presented on this page is for informational purposes only.
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RUB 169,008.00Availability in warehouses: on order (1-3 days) Brand YaMZ Manufacturer YaMZ Weight (Weight) 375,000 kg
The YaMZ 238-1002012-D cylinder block replaced the 238-1002012-G3 and 238-1002012-V5 blocks.
Specifications
Let's consider the YaMZ-238 engine, technical characteristics of the motor.
The engine has a V configuration with 8 cylinders arranged in 2 rows. 16 valves ensure perfect injection and exhaust. As on the 236, the piston stroke has 140 mm, the cylinder has a diameter of 130 mm. The liquid cooling system of the YaMZ-238 engine provides maximum effect and prevents the engine from overheating.
The working volume is 14.866 liters, and the power, depending on the modification, can be 235-420 horsepower. The YaMZ-238 engine, the technical characteristics of which allow in some cases to develop power up to 500 horsepower, is installed not only on the recommended equipment, but also on vehicles with other design data. Also, new modifications use turbocharging, which gives even more confidence and traction during operation.
Applicability of cylinder block 238-1002012-D
| Engine | Technique |
| YaMZ 238M2-1 | Marine engines (JSC Bogorodsky Machine Plant), marine diesel gear units (JSC Tyumensudokomplekt) |
| YaMZ 238M2-2 | Track repair machines R-2000, VPR-1250, VPRS-500 (OJSC Kalugaputmash) Motor platforms MPD-2, railway cranes KZhS-16, KZh-462, -562, KZh-661 (JSC Kirov Machinery Plant 1 May) , railcars AGD-1A, AS-5, ARV-1 (JSC "Muromteplovoz") |
| YaMZ 238M2-3, 2-8 | Timber truck MAZ-5434 (4×4) |
| YaMZ 238M2-4 | KrAZ-6510, -65101-40, -6444 vehicles |
| YaMZ 238M2-5 | Cars MAZ-53366, -54329, -543400, -55513, -63038 |
| YaMZ 238M2-6 | Cars "Ural-432007-31" |
| YaMZ 238M2-7 | Special product BTR-80 (wheeled) |
| YaMZ 238M2-10 | Rotary auger snow blowers DE-210B-1M (-3M) (JSC Sevdormash, Severodvinsk) |
| YaMZ 238M2-11 | Electrical units AD100 with a capacity of 100 kW (JSC Elektroagregat, Kursk), diesel generator sets (JSC Tyumensudokomplekt) |
| YaMZ 238M2-12, 2-20, 2-32 | Cars "Ural-4320-31" |
| YaMZ 238M2-17 | Tracked vehicle (Semipalatinsk Machine Plant) |
| YaMZ 238M2-21 | Bulldozer DZ-240S (ZAO ChSDM, Chelyabinsk) |
| YaMZ 238M2-22 | Tractor MAZ-54329; onboard vehicle MAZ-53366; timber carrier MAZ-54342 |
| YaMZ 238M2-34, 2-35 | Tractor MAZ-54329; onboard vehicle MAZ-53366, MAZ-63038-040; timber carrier MAZ-54342, MAZ-54340-030 |
| YaMZ 238VM | Special products MT-LB (JSC "Muromteplovoz") |
| YaMZ 238ND3-1 | Agricultural tractors K-700A, wheeled bulldozers K-700A-BK (ZAO PTZ St. Petersburg) Wheeled tractors K-702MA and machines based on them: loader K-702MA-PK6, road machine K-702MVA-UDM2, vibratory roller K-703MA-OS, timber loader K-703MA-LT-195 (ZAO PTZ, St. Petersburg) Motor grader DZ-98V (ZAO ChSDM, Chelyabinsk) |
| YaMZ 238ND4 | Tractors T-15.01Ya, T-221Ya, pipe-laying crane TG-221Ya, wheel loader CHETRA 60 (JSC Promtractor, Cheboksary) |
| YaMZ 238AM2-3 | Forage harvester KSK-100A-3 (PO Gomselmash) |
| YaMZ 238AK-4 | Combines KES-9-1 "Slavutich", KSKU-6AS, forage harvesters MSK-200 (JSC "Kherson Combines") |
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