Construction of wheeled excavators, loaders with hydraulic hammers

A wheeled excavator, despite some limitations in its functions, is in demand among people who need to carry out various types of construction and excavation work. It is difficult to use wheeled excavators in swampy areas and in open fields, on soil that contains crushed stone. Nevertheless, this type of equipment is actively used to develop, move and load soil and bulk cargo.

Wheeled equipment is mainly used in the city, on construction sites that are located within the populated area. Often units on wheels are used on the streets to lay communications and change the road surface. Due to the fact that such transport has a small turning radius of the platform, the mechanism does not cause inconvenience to moving cars or touch buildings.

313D2L

Crawler excavators of this model have a useful power of 68 kW and a weight of 13.7 tons. They are distinguished by improved control, high versatility, have a comfortable modernized cabin and are easy to operate. This set of characteristics allowed the 313D2L excavators to become leaders in their class.

The machines are equipped with efficient, powerful Cat C4.4 engines, which, due to a mechanical governor, reduce fuel costs by 14% compared to similar models. At the same time, digging and lifting efforts remain at the same high level. The engine operates stably even when fueled with fuel of poor quality, which is due to low pressure in the fuel supply system. Users have access to a wide range of attachments, which allows them to adapt the excavator to perform various tasks.

Main modifications

The cost of a new EK 14 excavator, depending on the modification and components, ranges from 1,350 thousand rubles.

Video review of the TVEX EK-14 20 excavator:

318D2L

The crawler excavator of this model has increased power to 84 kW. The operating weight has also increased (17.8 tons). The model also differs from its predecessors in improved handling and a high level of comfort, which makes it a universal and functional tool for performing diverse production, road and construction tasks.

The 318D2L excavators feature powerful electronically controlled Cat C4.4 ACERT drives and meet industry leading environmental standards in the US, Japan, China and the EU. Together with an efficient hydraulic system, these engines provide excellent performance with economical fuel consumption. High-strength load-bearing structures of the excavator can withstand significant operating loads, which allows the machine to be used in the most difficult conditions. The cab offers excellent visibility, helping to ensure a safe working environment on site.

Application of the EO-3323 excavator

Excavator Kalininets EO-3323 is one of the multi-purpose earth-moving machines for various types of work. The technique can be used for:

• digging trenches, pits, developing soils of four categories;
• loading and unloading operations with bulk materials;
• quarrying, rock development;
• development of frozen soils, etc.

The excavator is used in construction, including transport and reclamation, industry, agriculture and road management, and public utilities.

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M317D2

This is a wheeled excavator with a fairly high useful power - 102 kW. It also has a good speed of up to 37 km/h. Caterpillar has used a number of advanced developments to expand the functionality and provide superior technical performance of this series of excavators. Increased equipment lifting capacity helps reduce operating costs and increase productivity.

Also, the M317D2 machines have simplified controls and reduced cycle times, which allows for faster work completion. All daily maintenance points are easily accessible from ground level, making maintenance and repairs easier. All critical components are supplied with lubricant by a centralized system. The cabin is equipped with a rear view camera and a color display, which ensures safe operation of the excavator and ease of control.

Device

The chassis of the EO-3323A excavator is based on a box-section running frame, on the top of which a rotating device is installed. There are two folding supports at the rear of the frame, and a blade is mounted at the front. The supports are equipped with individual hydraulic cylinders, the blade is driven by 2 cylinders. The control units are separate and placed in the driver’s cab.

The rotating device includes a roller ring equipped with a toothed ring with internal gearing. The assembly includes sealing gaskets that protect the rolling surfaces from contamination. For turning, an axial piston hydraulic motor is used, equipped with an additional 2-stage planetary gearbox. The use of a gearbox made it possible to reduce the rotation speed of the platform and increase the torque.

The rotating part of the excavator has a welded space frame equipped with points for installing components and equipment. The power unit, hydraulic drives and the driver’s cabin are mounted on the rotating part. Early models of the excavator use a 4-cylinder liquid-cooled diesel engine D-240, developing a power of 75 hp. c. The working volume of the cylinders is 4750 cm³. The engine is started using an electric starter or using a separate gasoline engine. Later, the D-243 unit, with a power of 81 hp, began to be used. With.

Cabin

The driver's cabin and the hood of the power plant are of metal construction. The power plant casings consist of several removable elements with additional hatches. The cabin has a coating that reduces noise and vibration levels. Access to the cabin is through a side door equipped with a lock. A bracket is installed to secure the door in the open position.

Ventilation is carried out through a folding windshield or forced by a fan. Some copies of recent years of production were equipped with air conditioning. In winter, the cabin is heated by air flow passing through a radiator, which is connected to the cooling system. The driver's seat is sprung and equipped with a mechanism for adjusting the angle of the backrest.

Construction and running mechanism

The EO-3323 excavator is installed on a fully rotating platform with a pneumatic wheel chassis. The platform is equipped with an extendable boom with a handle connected to the working body. The platform is rotated by a hydraulic drive with a two-stage planetary gearbox.

The excavator chassis is essentially a welded metal structure. The wheel formula of the car is 4x4. The front axle of the excavator is controlled. Two rear retractable supports are installed on the chassis. In the front part there is a bulldozer blade, which also serves as a third support. The design of the machine allows you to tow an excavator at a speed of 50 km/h.

dimensions

• length - 7550 mm;
• width - 2500 mm;
• cabin height - 3700 mm;
• operating weight with a backhoe with a capacity of 0.63 m3 (standard) - 14 tons.

Performance characteristics and equipment

The list of standard working equipment for the excavator includes a backhoe bucket and a monoblock L-type boom. The working mechanisms are made of low-alloy steel, resistant to wear and corrosion. The EO-3323 excavator as standard has the following performance characteristics:

straight shovel

• soil cutting force (maximum) - 100 kN;
• digging radius (maximum) - 6.78 m;
• digging height (maximum) - 7.66 m;
• unloading height (maximum) - 4.2 m;
• Bucket capacity - 0.63/1.2 cubic meters. m;
• cycle duration (0.63 m3) - 15.9 s.

Backhoe

• soil cutting force (maximum) - 100 kN;
• digging depth (maximum) - 5.4 m;
• digging radius at parking level (maximum) - 8.5 m;
• unloading height (maximum) - 4.9 m;
• Bucket capacity - 0.5/0.63/0.8 cubic meters. m;
• cycle duration - 16.5 s.

Grab

• digging depth without extension inserts (maximum) - 5.4 m;
• unloading height (maximum) - 3.89 m;
• Bucket capacity - 0.5/0.63 cubic meters. m.

In addition to the listed working equipment, the EO-3323 excavator, as one of the oldest machines, can be equipped with an impressive list of additional working parts:

• boom handle lengths 1.9 m, 2.2 m, 2.8 m, 3.4 m;
• straight shovel type loading bucket with a capacity of 1.2 m3 for working with materials with a density of 1.4 t/m3;
• hydraulic hammer with replaceable tips (ripper for frozen soils; tamping plate; teeth for crushing concrete, stones, road surfaces);
• auger drilling equipment;
• lifting devices.

M320D2

This is a 124kW wheeled excavator that combines speed, versatility and productivity. It is capable of functioning on any surface, including various types of soil and road surfaces. Users have access to a wide range of attachments to solve various construction and production tasks. Operating the M320D2 machine is convenient and easy, as it is implemented using the ProductLinkTM system.

By reducing the duration of work cycles and increasing the forces on the handle and bucket, the productivity of the excavator was increased. All service points are accessible from the surface of the earth, which simplifies and speeds up the necessary repair or preventative operations. All important components are efficiently processed by a centralized lubricant supply system. The cabin is designed to provide maximum safety and comfort.

Technical characteristics of EK-14

The excavator's crawler platform rotates at a speed of 9 rpm. A planetary gearbox and an axial piston hydraulic motor are responsible for this process.

By additional order, it is possible to equip the EK-14 with Bosch-Rexroth hydraulic equipment (meaning a hydraulic distributor, hydraulic motors, a pump unit and control units). Service brakes are present on each wheel. Their type is block type, permanently open. The parking brake, in turn, is constantly closed.

The excavator is designed to withstand temperatures from -40 to +40 degrees.

Operator's cabin

The standard package includes the installation of a unified cabin, which is mounted on a large number of TVEX products. It is characterized by convenience and ergonomics.

The driver's seat can be adjusted depending on individual characteristics and preferences, as can the steering column. The windshield can be in the upper position, and there is a hatch in the roof.

Entrance to the salon is via steps, the lower of which is located close to the base; in addition, handrails are provided.

The standard equipment includes the installation of a Zenit 8000 heater, which is powered by the engine cooling system and is located under the seat. Air circulation occurs without the use of diffusers and air ducts. The EK-12 excavator can optionally be equipped with an air conditioning system and an autonomous heater.

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Power unit

The EK-12 wheeled excavator is equipped with a self-produced D-243 unit with a power of 60 kW or 81 horsepower. This is a four-cylinder (d=110 mm) four-stroke model with a volume of 4.75 liters. The latest modification is equipped with a Perkins 1104C-44 unit. In the engine compartment there is a pump on the right, and cooling radiators on the left. The noise reduction system is located under the pump, which leads to additional heating. Air purification filters are installed in front of the radiator, and this complicates maintenance work and reduces the efficiency of the cooling system. A starter is provided for starting.

All radiator components are unified, which ensures easy replacement of necessary parts. Modifications can be equipped with Hydronic 10 starting heaters, providing quick start-up in winter.

The rotation speed of the D-243 shaft is 1600 rpm, the torque is 258 Nm.

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Ease of operation and maintenance

For storing the TVEX EK-12 excavator, closed premises or open areas that meet special requirements are best suited. Storing equipment outdoors in winter is only permissible if the turntable, cabin and working parts are periodically cleared of snow and ice. Items such as batteries, spare parts and tools must be brought indoors in cold weather.

To increase the durability of the excavator, it is necessary to change working fluids on time (seasonally and at time intervals). The fluid is changed for the first time after 100 engine hours have been used, after that - if it is necessary to switch to winter mode or after 2000 engine hours. Main oils are replaced at least once every two years, auxiliary oils - once a year.

The pressure gauges that are part of the excavator toolkit are used only when adjusting the fuses located on the hydraulic lines.

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