Starting motor PD-10: device, circuits and principle of operation. Necessary information for repairing the MTZ-80 launcher. Location of the starting motor in the MTZ-80/82 tractor.
For all diesel engines of MMZ (Minsk Motor Plant), which produces tractors of the MTZ - 80, 82 brand and their modifications, the installation of one type of starting device is provided - PD - 10 (starting motor), consisting of a gearbox and the single-cylinder engine itself.
Among the common people and among motorists, this small motor is simply called a “starter,” although starting a tractor without it is quite problematic.
PD - 10 is a small starting, two-stroke engine with a carburetor, developing power up to 10 horsepower and installed on modified diesel units D-240L or D-243L, equipped with a centrifugal regulator operating in one mode.
This regulator is connected via a lever to the carburetor throttle valve and automatically opens/closes it, as well as a stable crankshaft speed.
Operating principle
The PD10 starting engine is a standard gasoline power unit with one cylinder . Therefore, the principle of operation of the starter is similar to that of a two-stroke engine. In simple words it can be described as follows:
- the piston compresses the working mixture inside the cylinder while moving from bottom to top dead center;
- after opening the inlet channel of the crank chamber, a working mixture enters it through the starter carburetor, which is rarefied when the piston moves;
- as soon as the piston begins to approach TDC, the compressed working mixture will ignite from the spark plug.
Fuel for PD10 is a mixture of gasoline and oil in a ratio of 15:1. Motor oil in the mixture is necessary to ensure correct lubrication of all interacting elements of the power unit, preventing its overheating and failure.
Starting is a single cylinder petrol engine
Magneto transformer
The transformer is designed to create high voltage current. Its main component is the core, consisting of separate plates of electrical steel, primary and secondary windings. The end parts of the windings are protected by getinax cheeks. One of the cheeks of the transformer is equipped with a tip to which the end of the primary and the beginning of the secondary winding are soldered. The tip is connected to the contact post of the breaker. The end of the secondary winding is soldered to the electrode through a protective tape. The secondary winding consists of a large number of turns of thin wire, and the primary winding consists of a small number of turns of thick wire. To improve the electrical strength, the transformer is impregnated with turbine oil.
The breaker connects a cam located on the rotor shaft with a contact post and a lever with tungsten contacts. These elements, together with a filter for lubrication of the cam, are located in the magneto cover. When the magneto rotor rotates, the cam breaks the contacts of the breaker, thereby forming a gap of 0.25-0.35 mm.
Technical characteristics of the PD10 starting motor
The two-stroke single-cylinder petrol carburetor engine has the following characteristics:
- Cylinder volume – 0.346 l.
- Compression ratio – 7.5.
- Torque – 25 N/m.
These are the most optimal parameters of the mechanism, thanks to which the correct start of the diesel power unit is ensured.
Design features of the starting motor
Let's consider the PD10 device. The starter has a design that is standard for all two-stroke engines, which is represented by the following elements:
- Starting motor gearbox.
- Ignition system.
- Crank mechanism.
- Electric starter.
- Regulator.
- Skeleton
- Fuel supply system.
The design of the crank mechanism for engines of this type is not complicated. In turn, the crankshaft has a prefabricated structure, each of the elements of which corresponds to its own parameters, which ensures optimal operation of the entire mechanism. The connecting rod heads PD10 are made as a non-separable block. The connecting rod itself is aggregated with a crank pin.
The PD10 crankshaft bearing consists of two rows of rollers and is constantly lubricated and cooled with oil while the engine is running. Aluminum alloy is used as the material for the engine piston. The piston has two compression rings.
Scheme PD 10
The fuel supply system has a standard design, which includes a gas tank, fuel supply line, and filter elements. Its simplicity ensures reliable operation of the PD10. The power unit is formed by a cylinder-piston group and a crankcase. The crankcase structure consists of two halves, fastened with pins. The crankcase houses the crankshaft bearings and gears, and its upper part goes into a cylinder with a piston, the inner surface of which has gas distribution channels.
The enrichment of the fuel mixture to power the unit is carried out in the carburetor, from which it is supplied to the cylinders through the crankcase purge channel. A spark plug is screwed into the central hole of the cylinder, and in the side hole there is a special tap necessary for supplying gasoline.
How the launcher works
The PD 10 starting motor is designed to ensure stable starting of the engine of MTZ tractors; it stands out among other analogues with its excellent technical characteristics and high stability of operation. It is a standard launcher equipped with one cylinder. Its working volume is 0.346 liters, which is quite enough to start the engine even in unfavorable conditions. The power of the unit at 3.5 thousand revolutions reaches 10 hp.
Having studied the technical characteristics of the product, it should be noted that it is of a two-stroke type and is equipped with a crank-chamber purge. The engine runs on a gasoline mixture, the quality of which is regulated using a carburetor, which allows for finer tuning of the engine. The operating principle of such a device is extremely simple.
PD-10
First, the PD-10 is started through a standard tractor starter, after which it is connected to the main engine of the vehicle. With the help of mechanisms, rotational energy is transferred to the gearbox and, subsequently, the tractor crankshaft gains the necessary speed for stable independent operation. After the main engine has reached operating condition, the starting analogue stops operating.
Starter maintenance features
The mechanism functions correctly and, if used correctly, does not require additional maintenance or complex adjustments. Important point: operating the PD10 on pure gasoline without adding motor oil is strictly prohibited, as this can lead to serious damage. The mixture of gasoline and oil is prepared in accordance with the ratio of 15:1. Any clean canister of appropriate capacity will do for this. To fill the tank, a special watering can with a filter element is used.
During operation, you should monitor the condition of the fuel and air filters and change them in a timely manner, since the correct functioning of the mechanism depends on this. How to clean the air filter:
- Disconnect the limiting mechanism, and then remove the filter element protection.
- Remove filter.
- Clean, rinse in diesel fuel, and then moisten a little with oil.
- Reassemble the unit in reverse order.
One of the main components is the starter gearbox. The essence of its maintenance is the mandatory replacement of lubricating fluid after 960 hours of operation, as well as replenishing its level after 480 hours of operation.
MTZ-80, gearbox of PD-10 LAUNCHER stuck
The handle gets stuck when trying to start the tractor. Now it doesn't move. How to try to deal with this. The motor does not rotate. This picture somehow stuck in this place.
remove the starter, unscrew the gearbox and you will see everything, about two hours of work. first look at the bendix lever
The handle gets stuck when trying to start the tractor. Now it doesn't move. How to try to deal with this. The motor does not rotate. This picture somehow stuck in this place.
The Bendix shift knob should return back under the action of a spring. Apparently it has soured in the body.
The deeper the rut, the greater the chance that you are on the highway.
This is the same lid with a handle. It is secured with three bolts from the side of the footrest. Most often there are two bolts...
Those who don't take risks don't drink champagne
