KamAZ-6520 is a truck that is designed for transporting bulk construction, industrial and agricultural materials along roads with a permissible throughput of up to 13 tons and complete off-road conditions. The car was created by the Kama Automobile Plant.
The dump truck is popular among enterprises whose activities are directly related to loading and unloading operations and transportation of goods. It can cope with any tasks, therefore for 10 years it has occupied a leading position in the model line of domestic trucks and fully satisfies the demand and needs of modern companies operating specialized equipment.
Device
The structure of the truck can be represented as follows:
- frame;
- body;
- cabin;
- power transmission;
- engine;
- air system;
- brake system;
- electrical equipment;
- fuel mechanism;
- oil tank.
The manufacturer is constantly improving and modernizing the design of the machine. After restyling in 2009, the tonneau is equipped with a more environmentally friendly diesel engine, better hydraulics and a reinforced base. The cabin has a high top, an original buffer and a lower belt. Comfortable seats, climate control systems and the latest instrument panels are installed. There are sleeping places that were previously absent. A new U-shaped radiator grille and side headlights have been developed, and the dimensions of the bumper have been increased.
A heating system using exhaust gases is installed in the restyled body to protect cargo from freezing in the cold season.
Hydraulic control is electro-pneumatic and is carried out from the driver’s cabin. The hydraulic cylinder is telescopic, 3-stage.
Wheel formula - 6x4.
Cabin interior
The main difference between the updated versions of KAMAZ-6520 is the comfortable cabin for work. The developers took care of high-quality sound insulation and air suspension, which made it much more comfortable. To create additional comfort, the seats were equipped with pneumatics and a wide range of adjustments. A safety steering wheel with a hydraulic rotation limiter is installed in the cabin. The column can be adjusted according to the angle of inclination, which allows you to adjust it to the physique of any driver. Buttons and other controls are easy to reach, and the instrument panel, with its enlarged speedometer and tachometer, is pleasing to the eye and easy to read. On the monochrome screen you can see other necessary information.
The interior is equipped with cup holders and a compact folding table. Thanks to the panoramic glass, visibility has improved significantly compared to previous models. Access to the fuses is convenient, which greatly facilitates the work of drivers and repairmen. The base offers two speakers, the panel has a recess and glove compartments. Air conditioning can be ordered as an option.
Disadvantages include the lack of a berth and electric windows.
Overview of modifications
Any specialized equipment weighing up to 24 tons can be installed on the KamAZ chassis. The timber carrier for transporting logs and fallen trees to the storage site has superstructures and additional mechanisms with removable sides and steel rods.
Grain carrier Mammoth model 6520 with a capacity of 400 hp. With. used for transporting grain. The KamAZ body is a container in the form of a tank or bunker.
The multilift transports scrap metal and construction waste.
A concrete mixer is a chassis with a rotating container for transporting concrete. It is also called a concrete mixer or mixer.
KamAZ Selkhoznik was created for harvesting. The main differences are:
- lateral unloading;
- higher sides;
- the presence of a tow bar for an additional trailer.
Depending on the type of unloading, configuration and volume of the platform, the following modifications of machines are distinguished:
- Model 6520-006 is an onboard KamAZ-6520 dump truck with a rear unloading type, which has become a leader in the model range thanks to a reliable ZF gearbox and a 320 hp engine. With. Euro-2 class. The platform volume is 12 m³.
- The KamAZ-6520-06 dump truck has a body volume of 10 m³ and rear unloading. Cabin with high roof. Diesel with a capacity of 360 hp. With. Euro-2.
- 6520-029 with a dump platform with a volume of 20 m³ and unloading, like previous models. Often used in road construction and quarries.
- Heavy truck 6520-6010-29 (K4) - 3-axle with rear unloading and an oval body section of 16 m³. The platform is all-metal, scoop type, without heating, welded. A safety bar is attached to the rear of the frame.
- KamAZ-6520-6030-73 is a restyled model of a dump truck with 2-sided side unloading and a body volume of 30 m³. The rear side is hinged, the top extension is removable.
- KamAZ-6520-6041-43 is a 3-axle dump truck with rear unloading and a body of 16 m³. The cabin is located above the Euro-4 class engine, without a berth. The car is equipped with a Russian standard tachograph with a CIPF unit.
- The body of the dump truck 6520-6012-43 is rectangular in shape and provides a rear type of unloading. The unheated platform holds 20 m³ of bulk materials. The cabin is restyled, comfortable with air suspension.
- 6520-21010-43 “Lux” with a 16 m³ platform is heated by exhaust gases. The truck is equipped with a Euro-5 engine with a pre-heater. Cabin with air conditioning, auxiliary heater, electronic tachograph and audio equipment - radio antenna and 2 speakers. The cabin air suspension is 4-point, spring.
- The KamAZ-6520-61 chassis is available in 2 versions with a wheelbase of 3600 mm and 4600 mm. The curb weight is 9200 and 9850 kg, respectively. The KamAZ truck tractor tows trailers weighing no more than 20 tons on hard roads. The model is equipped with a powerful Euro-3 engine, which is combined with 2 manual transmission options - a 10-speed KamAZ-154 or a 16-speed German ZF-16S151.
- Chassis 6520-3072-43 is designed for mounting special equipment using a “pin-and-loop” towing device of the Euro towbar type. The machine is equipped with a Euro-4 eco-class engine, interwheel and axle locks, and a Common Rail fuel system. Cabin with air suspension and tachograph.
Car history
In response to the demands of potential buyers, in the late 90s it was decided to replace the 13 and 15 ton models with more modern, load-lifting and comfortable equipment. Thus, within just a few years, a completely new model of the Kama Automobile Plant appeared with a carrying capacity of 20 tons, equipped with a 400-horsepower diesel engine of its own design for KAMAZ 6520-6012-43. The new heavy truck was immediately appreciated by construction companies and was used in quarries and for transporting grain and other bulk cargo. The dump truck labeled 6520 began production in 2003 and became the most powerful and lifting model of the Kama Automobile Plant. The new KAMAZ has received so many innovations that it cannot be considered a restyling of previous models - it is a completely new car, developed on a specially prepared basis.
Initially, the KAMAZ 6520 was equipped with an old-style cab - hard and uncomfortable. Only in 2007 this situation was corrected and new versions of the dump truck became much more successful in terms of driver comfort, not inferior to their foreign counterparts.
Specifications
The main tactical and technical parameters (TTX) of vehicles depend on the modification, purpose and configuration, and the load capacity depends on the installation of additional equipment. Thus, the maximum weight of cargo transported by a log carrier is influenced by the presence of a hydraulic manipulator.
For the basic model KamAZ-6520, technical specifications are presented as follows.
Power unit
The first 6520 vehicles were equipped with a turbocharged diesel engine produced by KamAZ 740.51-320. The power was 320 hp. With. and complied with Euro-2 environmental standards.
Since 2009, new 740.63-400 Euro-3 engines with turbocharging and liquid cooling have been installed on trucks. They are more powerful and environmentally friendly, do not harm the environment and require minimal fuel consumption for the KamAZ-6520.
Characteristics of diesel engine 740.63-400:
- working capacity - 11.76 l;
- rated power - 400l. With.;
- maximum torque - 1766 N*m.
Some models are available with a Cummins Euro-3 engine with a capacity of 8.9 liters and a power of 334 hp. With. and Cummins ISLe Euro-4.
At 100 km, the fuel consumption rate is 45.5 liters; in cold weather, the figure increases to 53 liters. When equipped with a 320 liter diesel engine. With. and a ZF type gearbox consumes 39 liters of fuel.
Transmission
Trucks with engines 740.51-320 and 740.50-360 are equipped with a mechanical 8-speed gearbox (gearbox) type 161 or German-made ZF-16S151.
Cars with the 740.14-300 engine are equipped with a ZF-9S109 9-speed manual transmission with low gear.
The ZF-16S151 gearbox on the new tonneaus is a mechanical, 16-speed gearbox, consisting of a main 4-speed gearbox with a built-in 2-speed divider located at the front and a 2-speed planetary gearbox, which is located behind the main gearbox.
Gear shifting on KamAZ is carried out according to the scheme using a special lever.
Dimensions and weight
Dimensions:
- length - 7795 mm;
- width - 2500 mm;
- height - 3005 mm;
- body dimensions - 4700x1850x2490 mm;
- body volume - 12 m³;
- axle clearance - 190 mm;
- wheelbase - 3600 mm;
- minimum turning radius - 9300 mm;
- tire sizes - 12.00 R20 (320 R508).
The volume of the body depends on the configuration and can reach 20 m3 (meters in cubes).
Weight parameters:
- curb weight - 9.2 tons;
- total weight - 33.1 tons;
- front axle load - 4520 kg;
- load on the rear trolley - 4680 kg.
The filling capacity of the fuel tank is 350 l.
Let's sum it up
The KAMAZ-6520 dump truck is rightfully one of the flagships of the Kama Automobile Plant. Thanks to constant improvements, the manufacturer managed to get rid of many “childhood” diseases, and the number of options expanded. Driving the car is easy and convenient, although the comfort in the cabin is not up to par with its foreign counterparts. This is compensated by its high cross-country ability and carrying capacity; it copes with its direct responsibilities well. One of the main problems is the unreliability of transmission bearings, but the manufacturer promises to address this issue and resolve it in the near future.
Disadvantages and advantages
Cars produced before 2009 have the following disadvantages:
- poor functioning of ABS;
- low generator power;
- the air system is not improved, malfunctions occur in the hydraulic mechanism;
- frequent malfunctions of the brake system and fuel supply mechanism;
- difficult access to spare parts and components;
- low acceleration speed when loaded;
- poor quality of bearings in the gearbox of the middle and rear axle.
New models have a more advanced design of important components, which allows them to correct most problems.
Among the advantages are the following:
- high load capacity;
- good maneuverability;
- high engine power and reliability;
- low maintenance costs;
- efficiency;
- availability of high-speed engine start.
General information
KamAZ 6520 is one of the main models of the Kama Automobile Plant, allowing it to maintain a leading position in the Russian truck market. The vehicle was developed as a carrier of large volumes of various types of cargo and for a long time remained the only dump truck in the brand’s lineup representing the heavy class.
At the end of the 1990s, the domestic car market experienced a serious shortage of budget vehicles with increased payload capacity, which were able to travel on bad roads, consume low-quality fuel and have an affordable level of maintenance. Foreign trucks provided significant comfort and sufficient reliability, but they did not always cope with the difficult Russian conditions.
At that time, the brand’s lineup included KamAZ 65115, capable of transporting up to 15,000 kg of cargo, but its capabilities were not enough. That is why, in the early 2000s, the plant began creating a powerful dump truck with increased load capacity. A new product called KamAZ 6520 was presented 3 years later. The dump truck became the flagship of the brand and was ready to transport loads of significant weight (up to 20,000 kg).
When designing the car, specialists from the Kama Automobile Plant abandoned old designs - the model was developed from scratch. As a result, KamAZ 6520 received a new power plant, advanced hydraulics, and a reinforced frame, but retained the same operator’s cabin. At the same time, a lot of foreign equipment appeared in the design of the machine.
By 2003, most of the brand's models were restyled and received the latest operator cabins with modernized seats, climate systems and instrument panels. KamAZ 6520 in this regard lagged behind its “brothers”, since it used an old-style operator’s cabin. The car was restyled only in 2007. The reason for such a significant delay was a lack of funds. The bulk of the project’s finances went to creating a new chassis, and they decided to “donate” the operator’s cabin. After the update, the model has noticeably changed. The main transformation was the appearance of a berth, which was missing in the original versions. The design of the operator's cabin has changed slightly: a new U-shaped radiator grille with the brand logo has appeared, the bumper has increased in size and acquired new headlights.
Initially, the body had a serious drawback - there was no heating system. In the restyled modification, the defect was eliminated. Additionally, the body was protected with a specialized canopy that covered the space between it and the operator’s cabin. Again, the power plant also changed. The first versions of KamAZ 6520 were equipped with a 320-horsepower diesel unit KamAZ 740.51-320, corresponding to Euro-2. Since 2008, the car has been equipped with a modern Cummins ISLe +350 engine with a power of 342 hp. Later, the KamAZ 740.63 unit (400 hp) appeared. In 2015, the line of units was updated, adding more modern versions that meet the Euro-4 standard.
The basic version of the KamAZ 6520 was intended for transporting heavy industrial and construction cargo. Dump trucks were actively used when digging pits and on construction sites. Their demand was determined by their ability to quickly transport sand, soil, gravel and other materials. again the model was used by public utilities for waste removal purposes.
New Generation
KamAZ 6520 is a multifunctional special equipment that functions equally effectively on paved roads and off-road. The family includes several modifications that differ in the type of unloading, configuration and body volume. However, all versions cope equally well with their tasks.
Operation and Maintenance
Operation of KamAZ trucks must be carried out in accordance with the operating manual. The service life of the vehicle before major repairs is 500 thousand km. TO-1 is carried out with a mileage of 5.5 thousand km, TO-2 - at least 16.5 thousand km. An oil change is performed every 10-15 thousand km.
Ignoring the instructions leads to failure of the lubrication system and engine.
Restyled models also undergo maintenance according to approved regulations. All records are kept in a special journal.
Electrical diagram
Using a color electrical diagram indicating all electrical equipment, sensors and mechanisms connected to the truck’s on-board network, you can repair the wiring. The color of the lines corresponds to the color of the cables of the standard electrical wiring.
Price
The Kama Automobile Plant offers several versions of the car. The most common ones are:
- KamAZ 6520-029 - basic version with standard payload and body volume of 20 cubic meters - from 2.5 million rubles.
- KamAZ 6520-010-060 – basic modification with 3-sided unloading – from 2.52 million rubles.
- KamAZ 6520-73 - standard version with a body volume of 12 cubic meters and heating - from 2.3 million rubles.
- KamAZ 6520-43 - variation with a unit that meets Euro-4 requirements - from 3.5 million rubles.
again, many used versions of this model are offered:
- 2003-2004 – 420,000-700,000 rubles;
- 2007-2008 – 850,000-970,000 rubles;
- 2012-2013 – 1.45-1.75 million rubles.
