Kamaz 6520: model modifications, scope of application. Vehicle specifications

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KamAZ vehicles are manufactured by Russians. Each car has its own characteristics. Let's get acquainted with the model 6520. This is a reliable dump truck that appeared on the market in 2002.

The increased load capacity makes the machine the best in the business. Plus, the car behaves well in difficult climatic conditions. Endurance is confirmed by ten times championship in transcontinental rally. Even competitors from Holland and the Czech Republic were unable to show such results.

KamAZ can work not only in an urban environment, it is suitable in the construction industry. Transportation of all bulk cargo and building materials on any road surface is available to the vehicle.

History of the creation of KamAZ-6520

KamAZ manufacturers had many useful vehicle models, but they did not have a representative of the heavy class worthy of competing with the market sharks. Until 2000, the best model was 55111. The load capacity was 13 tons. There was also a machine 65115 with a lifting capacity of 15 tons.

For this reason, it was decided to create a high-quality new machine. The machine’s high load capacity and other parameters allowed it to remain in demand on the market. For 10 years she did not surrender her position to anyone.

Manufacturers have always produced only good cars that can do what others cannot. But until 2000, other manufacturers were ahead of KamAZ. The technical part was not at the best level.

The developers understood that something needed to change. Since the early 1990s, they have been forming their project idea. Russia lacked specialized equipment that could perform tasks in difficult conditions and transport large loads.

The years described did not suffer from a lack of production. But the technical side of the KamAZ-6520 was not thought out. KamAZ model 65115 sold well in those days, but it had insufficient load capacity - 15 tons.

The Kama Automobile Plant learned lessons from past years, and the result was the emergence of new equipment with a 6x4 wheel formula. This is a great workhorse with an all metal welded platform with interior controls.

Main features of the car

The vehicle is ideal for operation in rather difficult conditions. Thanks to its technical characteristics, the truck provides a large number of different opportunities for its owners. Among them, the following important points can be noted:

• High-quality transportation of bulk and bulk cargo;
• Due to the high rigidity of the body, the process of sticking of the transported cargo is minimized;
• Increase in service life by approximately 15%;
• High stability indicators during cargo unloading;
• A high-quality gearbox and a reinforced frame increase dynamic and traction parameters.

The vehicle requires the consumption of a small amount of fuel with its relatively high operational capabilities. This factor, as well as the relatively small amount used to refuel a car, make Kamaz one of the best in this line. Thanks to its ideal quality characteristics and proven capabilities over the years, the truck is in demand not only in Russia, but also in other countries of the world.

Cabin

The overall design of the vehicle deserves attention. Thus, working systems and machine components are needed for difficult conditions. This is not an improved one, but a completely new one. The car was assembled from scratch.

True, it was decided not to change the outdated cabin. All efforts were aimed at studying the technological chassis. The cabin has also been updated. The new version looks livelier and more beautiful. It has headlights and a visor that are different from other variations.

The cabin is powered by a hydraulic booster. Place for raising the interior on the right. The body has an oval cross-section of 16 cubes. This design reduces load sticking, as the center of gravity is moved to almost the middle of the body.

In the cabin of the KamAZ-6520, you immediately feel that the driver is safe. There is a safe steering wheel, which immediately changes the overall appearance for the better. There is a familiar hydraulic limiter, which is needed to maintain the condition of the steering rods.

The steering column can be adjusted in angle, the operator can adjust everything to suit himself. The driver will feel comfortable, since all the necessary equipment is at hand.

The instrument board has 2 dials. The left one displays speed data, the right one shows the speed of revolutions. The monochrome display shows important information.

There are cup holders and a table on which you can place the necessary items. The cabin in this model is as comfortable as possible, especially when compared with other models. The visibility is also improved, panoramic glass is used. An air conditioner can be installed as additional equipment. You can feel great in any weather.

The upper part is equipped with speakers and there are glove compartments. But the door is adjusted by hand, which is inconvenient.

Noise and thermal insulation of the engine and gearbox will allow the driver of the KamAZ-6520 and the passenger to feel the necessary degree of comfort, and the air suspension also contributes to this. The seats also have pneumatics. You can adjust the position yourself. The controls are accessible and simple, just like a car.

In practice, drivers noticed imperfections in the cabin. They think the metal on the car is weak. New models get tolerable chips at the first stage. And old cars are actively starting to become covered with rust.

Device

KamAZ 6520 received a large dump platform with rear unloading. The body was mounted on a reinforced frame and, thanks to powerful hydraulics, could lift large loads. The design included extension sides, allowing the volume of the body to be increased if necessary. The all-metal platform was characterized by increased strength and had a rectangular or oval cross-section. The latter ensured maximum rigidity and reduced sticking of the load to the surface of the platform. The rectangular type was characterized by greater volume and capacity. The increased load suggested certain changes, and they occurred in the model.

The design of the drive axles has been revised. Planetary wheel gears produced in Bulgaria were added to the main gearbox. The cardan shafts have been improved, making them more resistant to loads. KamAZ 6520 received a dependent front suspension (beam) and a dependent rear suspension on springs. At the same time, one leaf was added to the spring package to increase reliability.

First of all, the operation of the braking system was adjusted. The total area of ​​the brake linings was increased by 900 sq.cm due to an increase in the diameter of the brake drum and the width of the brake pads. Additionally, the model has an ABS system. The braking system included front and rear drum brakes with electro-pneumatic drive. Later versions had disc brakes.

For the KamAZ 6520 model, wider tires with a size of 12.0 R20 were chosen.

In the basic version, the car was equipped with a 16-speed manual transmission Zahnrad Fabrik (ZF), designed for 1 million km. again, modifications were produced with a 9-speed YaMZ-239 transmission (Yaroslavl Motor Plant). The foreign gearbox with a range and divider was distinguished by significant reliability. It stood out for its ease and ease of operation. The gear shift lever was located unusually (almost horizontally forward), but fit comfortably in the driver's hand. Versions with a 16-speed gearbox have traditionally been used in quarries and bad roads with numerous descents and ascents. special equipment with a 9-speed gearbox was more suitable for the city or areas with good, smooth roads.

Externally, KamAZ 6520 was practically no different from its “brothers”. Few changes have occurred in the cabin. Until 2007, the model was equipped with an old-style operator’s cabin with a minimum of amenities. The restyled versions began to be equipped with a new type of operator’s cabin, complemented by a berth. The manufacturer took into account the wishes of the owners, improving certain interior parameters. The 3-seater metal operator's cabin was installed on air suspension and equipped with air conditioning. Due to this, it was possible to reduce vibrations and driver fatigue, and again ensure optimal temperature conditions. The operator's cabin was well reinforced, additionally covered with a sound-insulating layer. Thanks to this, the traditional “Kamaz” rumble disappeared. The instrument panel was extremely easy to read and was very informative. Depending on the modification, the KamAZ 6520 vehicle used ZF and RBL steering mechanisms, guaranteeing ease of control. again, the car was equipped with power steering.

The main advantage of the model was considered to be the highest traction and dynamic performance coupled with a relatively low level of fuel consumption. The maneuverable and powerful KamAZ 6520 made it possible to solve the most complex problems in a short time.

Modifications

Model options:

• 6520-029 - the machine is similar to the standard model. Only the body has been increased to 20 cubic meters;
• 6520-010-60 – unloading on 3 sides is available. The price of a car starts from 2,500,000 rubles;
• 65221 – truck tractor with fifth-wheel coupling mechanism;
• 65225 – similar to 65221;
• 6520-73 – dump truck;
• 6520-43 – made according to the Euro-4 environmental standard.

KamAZ provides worthy modifications that deserve the attention of the general public.

Engine and gearbox

The equipment has an 8-cylinder engine of variation 740.60. As an addition there is a turbine. The engine is capable of developing power up to 360 horsepower with a volume of 11.76 liters. The rotating torque reaches 1570 Nm at 1900 rpm. According to environmental indicators - Euro 3.

In 2008, changes occurred. Since that time, the KamAZ-6520 has been equipped with an American engine - Cummins ISLe, which is made in China. Power increased to 342 horsepower. Once again the 6-cylinder engine is turbocharged.

Later, another engine model appeared - Cummins ISLe 400. The engine was already made according to the Euro-4 standard.

Fuel consumption directly depends on the type of engine. With the original engine, the car absorbs 32-35 liters per 100 km. With a Chinese engine, consumption decreases - 26-30 liters. It is important that consumption depends on operating conditions and climate.

The gearbox is the same in all cases - a 16-speed manual. This reliable modification has proven itself only on the positive side.

The car has a diaphragm, single-disc type clutch. During the improvement period, the car was equipped with an 8-speed gearbox. But this is not a completely foreign option. Since these checkpoints are produced under license in Naberezhnye Chelny.

Vehicle Features

The Kamaz 6520 engine deserves special attention. This is the real heart of this vehicle. If previously the model was equipped with a simple diesel engine, which was fully compliant with Euro-2 requirements and had turbocharging and intercooling. More modern models are equipped with the ability to run on diesel, while fully complying with Euro-3 standards. Their power is 400 hp. This is not only a more powerful, but also a more environmentally friendly engine that does not harm the environment and requires minimal fuel consumption.

Salon of KamAZ 6520

The minimum cost of a cargo vehicle is on average 2.5 million rubles, but depending on the modification and configuration, the price may rise slightly and reach 2.8 million rubles. By purchasing this equipment, the buyer can be sure that the truck will be equipped with high-quality innovative equipment, ideal working units and the most reliable components. The model meets all the requirements for a relatively high level of safety, environmental friendliness and superior efficiency. Thoughtfulness and rational operation of the machine will allow you to quickly recoup such an expensive purchase.

Frame

The machine has a basic frame platform with a 6x4 wheel formula. The front part of the car has a dependent suspension with springs and a pivot beam. At the rear there are bridges with balancers. The brakes are absolutely drum, the drive is pneumatic.

KamAZ-6520 models starting from 2012 have a frame with reinforced side members. The braking system and suspension remain unchanged. The suspension has not changed since the USSR period, as it has proven its effectiveness.

The steering is based on a gear reducer. The machines are equipped with hydraulic booster. Operators emphasize that the car's handling is poor. On the road you need to steer. The steering wheel play is huge. This applies to equipment of the old and new generation of KamAZ dump trucks.

Here are some important characteristics:

• length – 771 cm, 780 cm;
• width – 250 cm;
• height – 301 cm;
• load capacity – 20 tons;
• platform elevation angle – 50 degrees.

The dump truck meets all the driver’s expectations and clearly fulfills its goals.

Operation and Maintenance

Operation of KamAZ trucks must be carried out in accordance with the operating manual. The service life of the vehicle before major repairs is 500 thousand km. TO-1 is carried out with a mileage of 5.5 thousand km, TO-2 - at least 16.5 thousand km. An oil change is performed every 10-15 thousand km.

Ignoring the instructions leads to failure of the lubrication system and engine.

Restyled models also undergo maintenance according to approved regulations. All records are kept in a special journal.

Electrical diagram

Using a color electrical diagram indicating all electrical equipment, sensors and mechanisms connected to the truck’s on-board network, you can repair the wiring. The color of the lines corresponds to the color of the cables of the standard electrical wiring.

Malfunctions of KamAZ-6520

Like any car, a dump truck has its problems. Based on the reviews, it becomes clear that the car may have shortcomings in the fuel system. Since the time has long passed when it was possible to use any oil slurry. Diesel engines are very picky about fuel quality.

The pump is the first to suffer from low-quality oil. Since diesel fuel lubricates the injectors and injection pump. Wear of working parts occurs quickly if the fluid is of poor quality. Maintenance also requires a systematic approach. The fuel filter must be changed every 10,000 km.

The turbine also suffers from breakdowns. Low quality fuel is also to blame for this. After all, the turbine runs on the energy of exhaust gases; soot removed from the cylinders leaves a thick coating on the impeller. At one point, the compressor may break down. To avoid these problems, you need to change the oil regularly. It is important to select high-quality filters; you can save on oil.

Corrosion has been a problem with KamAZ-6520 since the 90s. Optics also have disadvantages. The headlights are made of plastic and over time they begin to become cloudy. Factory fog lights generally do not cope with the task at hand. Owners immediately replace them with powerful options.

Suspension

KAMAZ-55102 does not have a smooth ride; the car shakes violently, which negatively affects ride comfort and cargo safety.

You can improve the quality of movement in the following ways:

1. Increasing the length of the front suspension. This will increase the vehicle's maneuverability and reduce its sagging under load. The standard springs are removed and larger analogues are installed. The springs are duplicated by long shock absorbers. Preliminary calculations should be carried out so as not to reduce the stability of the vehicle. A suspension that is too high puts additional pressure on the axle.
2. Strengthening the rear suspension. An additional sheet is installed or parts are completely replaced. You can raise the rear of the car even more with the help of plastic inserts, giving an additional 3-5 cm.

To modernize KamAZ, individual parts or ready-made kits are purchased. They include springs, springs, shock absorbers, bushings and gaskets. Such a kit will save the car owner from searching for the necessary spare parts, wasting time and possible inconsistencies during assembly.

Advantages and disadvantages

Not everything is as categorical as it seems. The dump truck has its strengths and weaknesses. Pros:

• there is no hood, this has a positive effect on safety;
• high load capacity (compared to previous options);
• decent ground clearance;
• it is possible to carry out repairs and maintenance without interference;
• new cabin interior;
• comfortable chairs;
• noise and thermal insulation is normal.

Still, there are disadvantages that are also worth paying attention to:

• it is difficult to find spare parts for a specific model;
• there are questions about the quality and assembly of the car;
• low speed when loaded;
• slightly overpriced;
• European level has not been reached.

You need to know all the details before you become the owner of a car.

conclusions

It is impossible to speak unambiguously about the model. This applies to both new and old year models. Some changes had a positive effect on the car: appearance, body, useful functions.

Manufacturers added a new engine and increased power. KamAZ-6520 operators began to feel more comfortable in the cab. The air suspension seat also had a positive effect. The operator can sit in a way that is comfortable for him by adjusting his seat.

The cabin is also equipped with air cushions, which is a plus for comfort. Air conditioning is important in hot weather.

But the car still consumes a lot. And the design does not reach the level of European competitors. But for hard and dirty work it’s just the thing.

Owners of cars of these models were able to identify many shortcomings. This refers to regular breakdowns and frequent replacement of bearings. Manufacturers are trying to improve existing models and create new ones, but so far many drivers have already drawn their conclusions.

Some believe that it is easier to purchase a used car from a European manufacturer than to buy a new KamAZ-6520. But these are too hot reviews.

Important points

High quality and performance characteristics allow the vehicle to be used in a wide variety of industries. This can be not only the construction sector, but also agriculture, quarrying, repairs or road construction. This versatility is based on the fact that this restyled product meets all internationally established requirements.

Important! The previously present roaring roar of this dump truck has been completely eliminated in the latest models. On this basis, the car fully complies with the requirements and rules of the UNECE.

Kamaz 6520 dump truck, its technical characteristics are at the highest level. The model is equipped with a special system aimed at effectively reducing noise. Thanks to this, working with the car becomes as comfortable as possible. The demand for the car and its popularity are confirmed by the fact that the manufacturer has successfully developed and created its project and released a completely new class and category of special equipment. The model is characterized by such positive characteristics as reliability, quality, ease of maintenance, as well as the most comfortable operating process in environmental conditions of varying levels of complexity.

Maneuverable, powerful, endowed with high load capacity, the dump truck is able to most effectively solve a huge number of tasks in a wide variety of modern fields of activity. The popularity of the dump truck is not empty words, but a reality confirmed by reviews. Model 6520 is not the last unique machine; the manufacturer is constantly releasing new machines, improving them more and more efficiently and equipping them with the most modern developments.