In-line four- and six-cylinder diesel engines of the YaMZ-530 family have long been known to connoisseurs of domestic trucks and commercial vehicles. In various modifications, this engine is installed on PAZ, KavZ and LiAZ buses, and on GAZ and MAZ medium-duty trucks. What is different about a CNG engine?
CNG is compressed natural gas, which translated from Shakespeare’s language into Pushkin’s language means “compressed natural gas.” In our country it is sometimes called compressed. The desire to make a motor that runs on this fuel has arisen more than once. But usually it all ended with desire, since the processes in a gasoline engine are very different from those in a gas engine. Diesel is a little more suitable as a donor, but not everything is simple. At least with ignition: there are no spark plugs, how to ignite the gas? And yet, a gas engine was created, and the diesel YaMZ-530 was chosen as the base. The detailed unification of a gas engine with a diesel engine is 90%, but nevertheless, these units are very different. And first of all, of course, the intake system.
Operating experience and reviews from YaMZ-534 owners
The owners of Gazelle Next note that this is truly a completely new, modern, comfortable and productive car. It is cheaper than imported analogues and is less expensive to maintain. The basic package is rich in options. Fuel consumption, although slightly higher than stated by the manufacturer, is generally pleasing.
It starts well in the cold, down to minus 20 degrees. In hot weather, you can often see regular Gazelles with the hood slightly open, with a plastic bottle inserted into the crack. On the Gazelle Next, the possibility of overheating was eliminated by installing a much larger aluminum radiator. The owners could not help but note the new cargo platform of the GAZelle Next.
One of the minuses is the archaic gear shift knob, which sticks out lonely from the floor in the middle of a modern and comfortable interior. “Where is the joystick on the podium{q},” spoiled consumers ask. People also grumble about the unassuming “oak” plastic of the panels, the shapes of which are cast in places of poor quality, with burrs. Problems often arise with wiring and rear lighting devices: the contacts either come off on their own or close for no apparent reason.
But in general, all owners of GAZelle Next, especially those who switched from regular Gazelle, unanimously declare that the cars of the Gorky Automobile Plant have actually made a sharp leap forward, and not only in design and comfort, but also in quality of performance and assemblies. The cost, although it cannot be called cheap, is still more attractive than similar “Europeans” - for quite reasonable money you can get a reliable, practical and comfortable car. Where it will be pleasant to work and earn money.
Experience of owners of cars with YaMZ-534 engines, produced in 2011-2013 and already, so to speak, “smelling gunpowder”, i.e. have proven themselves under conditions of intensive use, indicating that the motor is good. More specifically: reliable; when necessary - high-torque, when necessary - playful and resourceful; works quietly; and, what is especially important in our time, economical (about 15-17 liters).
Each buyer of diesel equipment of this type has two options: YaMZ-534 or Chinese-made Cummins.
The Yaroslavl motor, judging by experience and reviews, is much better: more unpretentious, trouble-free, and, although not particularly cheap; Still, in terms of the price of spare parts and the engine itself, it will be preferable. And “YaMZ-534” cannot boast of an inexpensive price quite naturally: after all, a considerable part of the components and assemblies on it are from European manufacturers.
However, “jingoism” in the field of new technical developments is inappropriate in our modern era. And using technologies and ready-made units from world industry leaders is, perhaps, the right decision. Since using them turns out, as they say, “a completely different song.”
Predecessor and main features of the YaMZ-534 engine
Externally, GAZelle Next has radically changed in comparison with the previous Gazelle. In the front part, attention is drawn to the large radiator grille and the large, voluminous bumper with fog lights integrated into it. The plastic body kit is made of four different segments. Due to this, in case of minor accidents, the metal front part of the car will not be damaged, and it will not have to be replaced.
The headlights are the same; almond-shaped, or teardrop-shaped. Only they are located much higher, at the junction of the plastic wings, the sloping hood and the side of the bumper. By the way, the long-standing problem of wing corrosion has been solved radically and forever: now they are not metal, but plastic.
The side rear view mirrors have increased by about a third. They became divided into 2 parts, one of them is panoramic. The mirror mounts have become much stronger and more reliable. In addition, the base already has electrically heated mirrors. The more expensive configuration also includes electrical adjustment. Under the cab on both sides there are hidden drawers for tools and the factory hood seal. Windshield washer nozzles are now located on the windshield wipers.
Raising the hood, one cannot help but notice that the engine compartment has become more spacious, thanks to which GAZ specialists were able to space out the intercooler and the main radiator of the cooling system. This, together with the fact that the purge area of the radiator itself has almost doubled, significantly reduced the thermal load on the engine.
It is impossible not to note the abundance of foreign-made parts and components: ZF steering; front optics "Magneti Marelli"; anti-lock braking system manufactured by Bosch; "Mando" braking system; SKF gearbox bearings; Sachs clutch; wheel bearings "Schaeffler";
In motion, the “next Gazelle” has become quieter compared to the usual one, the smoothness of the ride on a broken road has noticeably increased, and the problem of suspension rigidity and noise in the car when driving in an unloaded state has been eliminated. Driving performance was improved by revising the aerodynamics and refining the cabin supports, improving the design of the rear suspension and springs (something that Gazelle owners have long pointed out).
The main innovation, which takes the Gazelle Next to a completely different level of comfort, is the new independent front suspension on double wishbones. Even the basic equipment is equipped with 9th generation four-channel ABS.
According to the manufacturer, another pressing problem of the Gazelles has been solved - the high susceptibility of the body to corrosion. It is claimed that the body of the Gazelle Next is of high quality. Only galvanized metal is used to make the running boards, hood, wheel arches, doors and side panels.
Especially for the production of the new family, an advanced hydroelastic stamping press “Quintus FlexForm” was launched in Nizhny Novgorod, which allows the use of a one-sided matrix when creating liquid pressure at a level of 100 MPa. Equipment is used to create body elements for Gazelle Next, making them of higher quality.
The YaMZ-534 Euro-4 engine is an in-line four-stroke diesel engine, with compression ignition, direct injection, liquid cooling, turbocharging and charge air cooling in an air-to-air heat exchanger. Each of the engine cylinders has four valves each.
Although the Yaroslavl Motor Company’s lineup already included the 4-cylinder YaMZ-204 engine, which was discontinued more than twenty years ago, this, as they say, was “a completely different story.” Because that engine was a heavy diesel engine. And the design did not even provide for its equipping with a turbocharging system. Therefore, the four-cylinder YaMZ-204 can be called the predecessor of the 534, but only with a stretch.
After all, the YaMZ-534 is a medium-sized in-line diesel engine, developed, as they say, “from scratch” by the design bureau of the Yaroslavl Motor Plant, together with the Austrian engineering bureau “AVLListGmbh”.
Distinctive features of YaMZ-534 are compliance with modern environmental standards Euro-4; the presence of an electronic control unit (ECU) and the use of a modern direct injection system using the CommonRail battery fuel system.
Achieving a high level of environmental standards was made possible largely thanks to the use of the EGR exhaust gas recirculation system. One of the advantages of this solution is simplification, and therefore reduction in cost, of placing the engine on the car.
“YaMZ-534” is a fundamentally new design, using the most current and advanced solutions, the rights to which belong to the GAZ Group (in recent years, this holding has included the Yaroslavl Motor Plant).
Lawn Next truck with YaMZ 53441-2 engine (150 hp)
For the serial production of diesel engines of the 530 family, a completely new plant was built and launched as part of YaMZ - Avtodizel OJSC. This new enterprise is located on the current outskirts of the city, as the locals say - “beyond the Volga”, about a twenty-minute drive from the old plant.
This is the most modern production of diesel engines not only in Russia, but throughout Eastern Europe.
This modern industrial site has almost a 90% level of production automation, and all production equipment on it is from the world's leading manufacturers. In addition to the new 530 series diesel engines, German engines for Mercedes Sprinter minibuses are also assembled here.
Among the suppliers of individual components and components of the new Yaroslavl 4-cylinder engine are such venerable manufacturing companies with a long-term and impeccable reputation as Bosch, ZF, FederalMogul, BorgWarner, MannHummel, Behr, Knorr/ Bremse" and others.
The casting of the block and cylinder head is carried out in Germany, at the FritzWinter enterprise.
However, the new Yaroslavl four-cylinder diesel engines do not consist entirely of imported components and components, as it might seem. For example, CommonRail fuel equipment is Russian-made, from the Yaroslavl Diesel Equipment Plant.
The electronic control unit and, what is especially characteristic, the software for it, were developed by St. Petersburg, and the production of the ECU itself was mastered at the Stary Oskol Automotive Electrical Equipment Plant.
The production of electronically controlled fuel injectors, providing increased spray pressure and multi-phase injection (three portions), has been established at the Altai Precision Products Plant in the city of Barnaul.
Currently, the price list of the Yaroslavl Motor Plant includes nine modifications of the YaMZ-534, in a power range from 136 to 190 horsepower. The YaMZ-534/CNG gas engine, which was the fruit of cooperation with a Canadian manufacturing company, stands out in particular.
Review of YaMZ-534 modifications and scope of their application
In terms of their capabilities, YaMZ-534 engines are very versatile. These motors effectively perform the functions of power units on a variety of equipment weighing up to 12 tons, together with cargo; or on road trains weighing up to 21 tons. It is allowed to use these engines on vehicles with a number of wheels from 4 to 6, with two or four driving wheels.
Initially, YaMZ-534 diesel engines, all their modifications and configurations, were intended for installation on MAZ, Ural (new model), GAZ and GAZonNext (gas fuel) trucks, as well as small and medium capacity buses of the PAZ brand.
The key differences between the individual modifications lie, first of all, in the settings of the ECU - an electronic fuel supply system optimized for specific tasks.
A more detailed overview of the specific application of modifications to these motors is as follows:
- “YAMZ-5340” is a basic modification used as a power unit for trucks, dump trucks, chassis, tractors with the wheel arrangement “4x2”, “4x4”, “6x2”, “6x4”, with a gross weight of up to 12 tons, road trains on their basis up to 21 tons - Minsk Automobile. There are also three additional modifications: with preparation for installation of an air conditioning compressor (“YaMZ-5340/01”), with a fan (“YaMZ-5340/02”), with a fan prepared for installation of an air conditioner compressor (“YaMZ-5340/03”) .
- "YAMZ-53402" - designed for trucks "Ural-432065" and other vehicles of the "Ural" brand, including all-terrain vehicles with a 4x4 wheel arrangement, with a total weight of up to 13 tons, for road trains based on them up to 24 -x tons weighing. A separate special modification “YaMZ-53402-10” is used as part of the tracked snow and swamp-going vehicle “ZZGT”.
Truck "Ural-432065" with engine "YAMZ-53402" (190 hp)
- “YAMZ-5341” - this engine is used as a power unit for the following MAZ-branded equipment: medium-tonnage vehicles, on a vehicle chassis with a 4x2 wheel arrangement and a total weight of up to 6 tons, for road trains based on them up to 10 tons, and for buses.
- “YAMZ-5341/10” - this motor is used as a power unit for buses of the “PAZ-320412” family, with a gross weight of up to 11 tons. There is also a special modification “YaMZ-5341/11” for installing an air conditioning compressor.
- "YaMZ-5342" - used as a power unit for buses of the "PAZ-320402", "PAZ-4234", "PAZ-3237" models, with a gross weight of up to 11 tons.
- YaMZ-5344 is a modification for PAZ-32053 buses.
- YaMZ-5344-10 is a diesel engine option specifically for medium-tonnage trucks of the GAZ-3308 (Sadko) and GAZ-3309 family.
- YaMZ-53442 is a special modification designed for medium-tonnage off-road trucks of the GAZ-3308 family and their chassis.
- YaMZ-534/CNG is the newest and most promising modification, launched into production only at the end of 2015. Powered by gas. At first, it will be equipped with new versions of GAZ trucks, and in the near future – with a wide range of all kinds of equipment for various purposes.
In addition, since May 2014, the plant launched serial production of an accelerated modification - "YAMZ-53472-10", with a power of 215 horsepower at 2600 rpm, specially designed for the new army armored vehicles "GAZ-233036" (it aka "SMP-2 "Tiger").
The main options for the Gazelle Next car are a truck, an onboard cargo platform; universal chassis for installing settings and all kinds of special equipment; bus in city and intercity interior design; all metal van. The vehicle is available with a standard or extended wheelbase.
1. The flatbed version differs from the regular Gazelle by a reinforced frame and the use of stainless materials. The architecture of the platform has also been improved. If previously only three euro pallets could be placed in the body, now their number has increased to five, which immediately increases transportation productivity by forty percent! The load capacity of the frame chassis, however, has not changed, but voluminous loads, according to tradition, prevail over particularly heavy ones. Yes, and periodic overload of the Gazelle Next, like the previous Gazelle, will not frighten you. Modifications of the onboard Gazelle Next:
- With Cummins diesel: A21R22-30 – standard base; 3-seater cabin, A21R32-30 – extended wheelbase; 3-seater cabin, A22R22-30 – standard base; 7-seater cabin, A22R32-30 – extended wheelbase; 7-seater cabin.
- With UMZ gasoline engine: A21R23-20 – standard base; 3-seater cabin, A21R33-10 – extended wheelbase; 3-seater cabin, A22R23-10 – standard base; 7-seater cabin, NEXT A22R33-20 – extended wheelbase; 7-seater cabin.
- With UMZ gas engine: A21R25-20 – standard base; 3-seater cabin, A21R35-10 – extended wheelbase; 3-seater cabin, A22R35-20 – extended wheelbase; 7-seater cabin.
manufactured goods or isothermal van; europlatform; bread van; mobile auto shop; tow truck with broken platform; auto hydraulic lift; dump truck with three-way unloading; a vehicle with a crane-manipulator; milk tanker; ambulance; a vehicle for transporting people with disabilities; police duty vehicle; fire engine; "House on wheels".
Bread van on the Gazelle Next chassis.
3. The Gazelle Next passenger minibus is designed as a city minibus or as a commuter bus. Plus, this new product isn't just built around an all-metal van. Frame-panel technology was also used - using durable steel pipes, galvanized metal sidewalls and fiberglass panels.
Modifications of minibuses "Gazelle Next":
- Based on an all-metal van, 16 seats: A65R33-60 – with UMZ gasoline engine; A65R32-40 – with Cummins diesel engine; A65R35-60 – with UMZ gas engine;
- With frame-panel body, Cityline, 18-19 seats: A64R42-10 – city; A63R42-10 – commuter; A60R42-1010-56-721-70 – tourist (with Cummins diesel engine); A64R45-50 – urban; A63R45-50 – suburban (with UMZ gas engine).
Modifications of "Gazelle Next" in the "all-metal van" version:
- With UMZ gasoline engine: A31R23-20 – three-seater cabin, standard wheelbase; A32R23-20 – seven-seat cabin, standard wheelbase; A31R33-20 – three-seat cabin, extended wheelbase; A32R33-20 – seven-seat cabin, extended wheelbase.
- With Cummins diesel: A31R22-40 – three-seater cab, standard wheelbase; A32R22-40 – seven-seat cabin, standard wheelbase; A31R32-40 – three-seater cabin, extended wheelbase; A32R32-40 – seven-seat cabin, extended wheelbase.
fog lights; modern radio with USB connector and steering wheel controls; electric side mirrors; heated driver's seat. By paying extra, the buyer can get the top-end K2 package, which differs from K1 in the presence of a pre-heater, a heater and a battery with increased energy capacity.
Characteristics of YaMZ-534
| Production | "Avtodiesel" Yaroslavl Motor Plant |
| Engine make | 534 |
| Years of manufacture | 2012-present |
| Cylinder block material | cast iron |
| engine's type | diesel |
| Configuration | in-line |
| Number of cylinders | 4 |
| Valves per cylinder | 4 |
| Piston stroke, mm | 128 |
| Cylinder diameter, mm | 105 |
| Compression ratio | 17.5 |
| Engine capacity, cc | 4430 |
| Engine power, hp/rpm | 136/2300 150/2300 160/2200 170/2300 180/1900 190/2300 200/2200 240/2600 |
| Torque, Nm/rpm | 422/1200-2100 590/1300-1600 670/1300-1600 670/1200-1600 750/1300-1600 710/1200-1600 790/1300-1600 784/1400-1700 |
| Environmental standards | Euro 4 Euro 5 |
| Turbocharger | TKR 50.09.14 TKR 50.09.16 TKR 60.02.02 TKR 80-04 |
| Engine weight, kg | 500 |
| Fuel consumption at a speed of 60 km/h, l/100 km (for GAZon Next) | 13.6 |
| Oil consumption, % of fuel consumption, up to | 0.1 0.2 (5342, 5344, 5345) |
| Engine oil | 5W-40 10W-40 15W-40 |
| How much oil is in the engine, l | 13.5 |
| Oil change carried out, km | 15000 (1st time) 30000 |
| Dimensions, mm: - length - width - height | 886 708 970 |
| Engine life, km - according to factory data (bus/cars) - in practice | 600 000/1 000 000 — |
| Tuning, hp — potential — without loss of resource | 300+ — |
| The engine was installed | GAZ-3309, Sadko, Vector Next, Sadko Next LAWN Next K-708.4 MZKT-5002 Aerohod A25 LiAZ-4292 KAVZ-4235, 4270 PAZ-3204, 3205, 4234, 3337 Vector 8.8 RM-Terex TG 140, TX 210 ZZGT - 3344 Nova S300 Boats KS-131M, 110-52 |
