Design of the DM hammer crusher
The ALB company produces these devices for pellet granulation lines, mixed feed and other industries.
We will give you a drawing of a hammer crusher for wood produced by ALB Group.
The diagram shows the design of the DM-22 model.
Fig 1. Diagram of a hammer crusher
It consists of the following main elements:
- Frame (1);
- crushing chamber with crushing drum (2);
- 2-stage fan (3);
- intermediate pipeline system (4);
- sluice gate (5);
- precipitating cyclone (6);
- electric motor (7) drive (8);
- electric motor (9) of the sluice gate drive (10);
- magnetic separator (11);
- suction nozzle (12);
- suction hose (13);
- pressure hose (14).
Below is a diagram of the crushing chamber:
Fig 2. Diagram of the crushing chamber
1 – body; 2 – side cover; 3 – shaft; 4 – cover; 5 – disk; 6 – finger; 7 – hammer; 8 – spacer sleeve; 9 – sieve; 10 – clamp; 11 – deck; 12 – fan casing; 13 – rotors; 14 – front cover; 15 – rear cover; 16 – pipe; 17 – pipe; 18 – pipe; 19 – hose; 20 – pulley; 21 – double-row spherical roller bearing 3610 GOST5721-75; 22 – key 18x11x388; 23 – key 14x9x56; 24 – key 14x9x90; 25 – eccentric.
Crushing chamber housing
- This is a welded steel structure with inserted side covers. They are rigidly fastened with bolts and carry the main shaft bearing housings. At one end of the shaft there is a six-strand drive pulley, at the other there is a two-stage fan.
The housing also has an additional cover that is secured with bolts, which serves to replace grates that wear out during operation. Behind the sieve there is a specially shaped neck, which continues with a pipe - they form an ejection (discharge) chamber.
Inside, on the walls of the case, there are two relief cast-iron decks, on which sawdust is crushed.
The main shaft passes through the center of the chamber, on which 6 disks are mounted at regular intervals, forming a crushing drum
. The discs are pierced with steel pins on which sets of crushing hammers are hinged.
Mill electrical equipment
– this is a 22 kW electric motor (for the DM 22 model), an associated control box (with starting, monitoring and protection equipment) and a limit switch. The latter serves as a safety device against starting the device if the camera cover is open. The DM crusher is protected from short circuits, has thermal relays for thermal and zero protection, as well as fuses for control circuits.
How to use the device correctly?
First of all, you can equip your mechanism with special lining elements that will ensure long-term operation. They help avoid rapid erasure of parts of the device.
Before starting, the device must be warmed up. Try not to overload the hopper with raw materials. This may simply clog the rotor mechanism and lead to malfunctions. Also, before work, you need to select the fraction of raw materials that you need to obtain as a result.
Also, carefully inspect the inner chamber before starting. It should not contain any materials. First, the crusher must operate without raw materials. If there are no malfunctions, then you can load it with raw materials. However, only after the rotor reaches its maximum speed.
In order to collect already processed material, it is necessary to use an unloading conveyor. It is very important while the crusher is operating to pay attention to how hot the mechanism bearings are. If their temperature exceeds 40 degrees, you must immediately stop the unit and check for malfunctions.
If you urgently need to stop the crushing of raw materials, then you first need to stop feeding them and grind what is still left. Only after this can the mechanism be turned off.
Working principle of wood hammer crusher
Grinders equipped with a pneumatic system automatically take raw materials through a loading hose into the cyclone. If a pneumatic system is not installed, the material is loaded with a screw conveyor or similar. A magnetic separator is installed before the entrance to the cyclone, which separates metal impurities from the wood pulp. In the cyclone, the mass of sawdust and wood chips is separated from the air flow. The air is directed through a side hose to the fan, and the chips fall onto the airlock and then into the crushing chamber below.
The crushing drum rotates in the chamber at high speeds, and hammers mounted on it strike the material, breaking it against the cast iron decks. The chips are crushed until they reach the fraction that could pass through the grate installed below. By installing sieves with different mesh sizes, you can adjust the degree of grinding.
Drawings of a grain crusher frame.
The grain crusher is mounted on a frame, the figure shows drawings of the frame; a metal corner 50 x 50 mm is used to make the frame.
- Stand (corner 50x50 mm, 4 pcs.).
- Tsarga (2 pcs.).
- Strapping.
- Drive shaft area.
- Crossbar.
- Area.
- Platform for an electric motor.
- Lower cross member (2 pcs.).
I recommend watching a video that shows the structure of a hammer-type grain crusher and its operation.
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Classification of hammer crushers
These units differ in the following parameters:
- By number of rotors
: with one or two rotors;
- By shaft location
: with horizontal or vertical shaft;
- WITH reverse mode
or without it.
Shredders with reverse mode can rotate their shaft in both directions. If one side of the hammers is worn down, you can reverse the stroke of the shaft to use the impact elements on the other side.
These devices also differ:
- Dimensions of the chamber and rotor;
- Shape of hammers;
- Electric motor power.
Scheme of a homemade grain crusher.
The figure shows a general view and diagram of the grain crusher.
- Bunker for filling grain.
- Valve.
- Working chamber.
- Strut.
- Engine start button.
- Electric motor 3 kW, 3 phase at 3000 rpm.
- Grain crusher frame.
- Hopper for ground grain.
- Drive pulley.
- V-belts (2 pcs.).
- Pulley.
- Shaft.
- Support bearing (2 pcs.).
- Area.
- Shaft area.
- Platform for an electric motor.
Hammer crushers in pellet line
In pellet and briquette production, compact hammer wood chippers are in great demand.
They have a number of significant advantages:
- High service life of working parts: 3-4 months can pass between replacing hammers.
- From a maintenance point of view, this is a simple and unpretentious equipment.
- Higher productivity compared to a pneumatic impact crusher (PIC) with the same engine power. Such mills are often installed in industrial lines with large production volumes.
- Thanks to the design features, the material does not stick to the hammers and does not clog the grates.
- Possibility of grinding wet wood chips.
How to choose the right product?
Before purchasing a crusher, you need to decide on the parameters you need:
1. Power and performance. It all depends on what kind of raw materials you will grind and where you will use the device. For home use, a small device with medium power is perfect for you; it is inexpensive. As for mining enterprises, a technically complex large apparatus is required that is capable of grinding a large amount of material per day.
2. Device type. In this case, you need to be guided by your preferences. In any case, the crusher will complete the task.
3. Naturally, you need to buy such devices only in specialized stores that have a license and warranty documents. At the time of purchase you have the right to test the mechanism.
An impact crusher is an effective product that can make your work much easier.
Hammer crusher for natural moisture wood chips
Large volumes of wood processing waste are large pieces of wood with natural moisture content
.
It is pre-crushed on chippers, but the fraction is too large for successful drying to the required 12-14% moisture content. Therefore, the production line includes a hammer crusher for wood chips, which successfully works with raw materials <65% moisture
. Additional grinding saves the manufacturer resources during the drying phase. After moisture is removed, the chips are sent for final grinding before the granulation or briquetting stage.
It is worth noting that when crushing wet wood, the productivity of the device is an order of magnitude lower than when working with dry sawdust.
general information
The hammer crusher is used for grinding a variety of raw materials: rock salt, gypsum, saltpeter and other substances whose moisture content does not exceed 8%. This condition is due to the structural features of the device. The principle of operation is that the crushed material is fed through special grates, which can become clogged with wet raw materials. However, recently there have been plans to produce hammer crushers that allow processing raw materials of any moisture content.
Hammer crusher device
These devices began to be used in the last century. They were characterized by a low level of productivity and a high degree of material wear. Due to the rapid wear of the working surfaces, they had to be changed very often. Used for processing not very hard raw materials.
Distinctive features of the hammer crusher are:
- simplicity of design;
- reliability;
- the ability to regulate the degree of grinding of the material;
- low energy consumption;
- continuity of work;
- light weight and dimensions of the device
Operating principle of hammer crushers
The device consists of a housing in which the rotor is placed. Impact devices - hammers - are attached to the rotor, which process the supplied raw materials. Materials loaded into the crusher are crushed by hitting hammers and rubbing particles against each other.
Mechanism of the MPS 150 hammer crusher.
The crushed material is fed into the unloading device through holes in the grid. Hammer crushers differ in the type of rotor, the length of which can reach 3000 mm, with a diameter of up to 2000 mm, impact hammers, characterized by different performance, engine power (maximum 1250 kW), etc., but the operating principle remains the same - crushing the supplied raw materials.
- diameter – 300 – 2000 mm;
- length – 200 – 3000 mm;
- productivity – up to 1000 tons per hour;
- engine power – 7 – 1250 kW;
- speed – up to 1000 rpm;
- the width of the slots in the grille is up to 25 mm;
- degree of grinding – 10 -15 for single-rotor crushers, 30 -40 for double-rotor crushers
