Loading and unloading machines – Forklifts

Lviv forklift AP-4045 and its technical parameters

Dimensions and parameters of the AP-4045 forklift Engine GAZ-52, GAZ-51 Type - carburetor, 4-stroke, 6-cylinder, lower valve Cylinder diameter and piston stroke, mm - 82x110 Displacement, l - 3.48 Compression ratio - 6 .7 Cylinder operating order: 1-5-3-6-2-4 Max, power, l. With. (kW) - 75 (55.2) Max, torque, rpm kgf-m (N-m) - 21 (205.9) at 1600-1800 rpm Carburetor - K 126I Electrical equipment voltage, V - 12 Battery - 6ST-75 Distributor breaker - P20 Ignition coil - B115 Spark plugs - A11 Generator - G250 Regulator relay - PP362 Starter - ST230-B4 Transmission AP-4045 Loader clutch AP-4045 - single-plate, dry with peripheral springs and damper device, models GAZ-52/GAZ-51 Clutch release drive - mechanical, from a foot pedal Gearbox of the loader AP-4045 - mechanical, four-speed, two-way without synchronizer (reverse gear is not used), models GAZ-52/GAZ-51 Gear shift - swing lever Reverse mechanism (MOX) - single-throw with spur gears Gear ratios: when moving forward - 1.43 when moving backward - 1.76 Gear shift - lever Driveshaft - two open-type cardan shafts with cardan joints on needle bearings Drive (front) axle AP-4045 - model ZIL-130, modified with brakes Main gear - double, consists of a pair of bevel gears with spiral teeth and a pair of cylindrical gears Main gear ratio - 6.32 Load-bearing system, axles, suspension , wheels and tires. Frame AP-4045 - box-shaped, welded Suspension of the front (drive) axle of the loader 4045 - rigid, the bridge is attached to the frame-chassis with bolts Steerable axle of the loader (steering suspension) AP-4045 - balanced Full wheel travel in the vertical plane, mm - 150±15 Wheel toe-in (on rims), mm - 0±5 Maximum angle of rotation of the left wheel to the right and the right wheel to the left, C° - 75±1 Wheels - disc with removable bead and lock rings, secured with nuts on studs Number of wheels: on the front axle - 4 on the rear axle - 2 Wheel rim profile: front - 178-508 (7.0-20) rear - 127-381 (5.00R-15) Tires - pneumatic tube Tire designations: front wheels - 240-508 (8. 25-20) rear wheels - 240-381 (8.25-15) Number of layers in the tires of the front and rear wheels - 14 Tire model: front wheels - M-149 rear wheels - LF-268 Recommended tire pressure, kPa (kgf /cm²) front wheels - 640 (6.5) rear wheels - 590 (6.0) Steering forklift 4045 - Hydraulic steering mechanism Power steering AP-4045 - type hydraulic booster with a ZIL-120 worm mechanism, which combines a hydraulic cylinder and a control spool mechanism. Hydraulic pumps of the AP-4045 loader Pump NSh-71 (lift/tilt) type - gear direction of rotation - left feed, dm³/min (l/min) - 71 rotation speed, s-1 (rpm) - 1920 Pump NSh- 32 (steering) type - gear direction of rotation - right feed, dm³/min (l/min) - 32 rotation speed, s-1 (rpm) - 2200 Forklift brakes 4045 Service brake - drum with internal shoes, only valid on the drive (front) wheels; the gap between the pads and brake drums; is adjusted automatically. Brake shoe drive - hydraulic Parking brake - transmission drum with internal shoes Model - GAZ-51 Shoe drive - mechanical Lifting mechanism AP-4045 Load lift - telescopic, efficiency - 0.92 Hydraulic distributor - PX80 / 3P80 three-section, or 2P80 two-section Pressure in the hydraulic system, to which the distributor safety valve is adjusted, MPa (kgf/cm²) – 12.5±0.5 (125±5) Boom lift hydraulic cylinder: number of hydraulic cylinders - 1 type - plunger, single-acting rod (plunger) diameter - 125 mm plunger stroke , mm for lifting height H=4.5m - 2220 for lifting height H=3.3m - 1620 Boom tilt hydraulic cylinder: number of hydraulic cylinders - type 2 - piston, double-acting piston diameter, mm - 120 rod diameter, mm - 36 piston stroke , mm - 110 Hydraulic tank - welded, common for the drive systems of the forklift cylinders and power steering with air and filler filters.
Hydraulic pipelines - high pressure discharge line; suction and drain - steel tubes and low-pressure hoses Weight of the lifted load (load capacity) at lifting height, kg: up to 3300 mm - 5000 over 3300 mm - 4000 The weight of the equipped AP-4045 forklift includes the weight of the unloaded forklift and equipment. The equipment includes tools, accessories and refueling: fuel - fuel tank; working fluid - hydraulic system; lubricants - engine lubrication systems, gearbox housings, reverse mechanism, front axle, hydraulic pump drive gearbox; coolant - engine cooling system. Distance of the center of mass of the load from the front vertical walls of the forks, mm - 600 Lifting height of the forks and bucket from the ground, mm - 3300 Weight of the AP-4045 loader, kg - 6350 Axial weights of the equipped forklift 4045, kg front - 2790 rear - 3465 Dimensions, mm length without working attachment (without forks) - 3900 length with working attachment (with forks) - 5100 width - 2350 Height along the forklift with lowered forks, mm - 2650 Base, mm - 2300 Wheel track, mm front - 1790 rear - 1480 Radius rotation along the outer dimensions, mm — 3550+100 Ground clearance under the forklift, mm not less than — 200 Angles of inclination of the forklift frame: forward — 3°-1° back not less than — 12° Free lifting of the carriage (without changing the height of the forklift), mm — 260 Highest speed of movement with load, km/h, not less than — 23 Lifting speed with and without load, m/s, not less than 0.45 ± 0.05 Overcome slope, % not less than — 16 Height 3300 mm on forklifts with lifting height H = 4500 mm is achieved by aligning the lower end of the racks of the inner frame with the marks of the outer frame of the forklift. The distribution of the load on the support platform from the weight of the AP-4045 loader is given with the forklift frames in a vertical position. Permissible weight deviation - ±3% The speed of movement of the 4045 loader with a load is selected by the driver based on the situation (established restrictions and traffic intensity) on the site, the condition of the site's surface and weather conditions, as well as safety conditions when handling the load. ______________________________________________________________________________
Spare parts for Lviv loaders 4014, 40814, 40810, 4081, 41030 are shipped to all cities of Russia: Kemerovo, Ekaterinburg, Chelyabinsk, Novosibirsk, Ulan-Ude, Kirov, Perm, Krasnoyarsk, Irkutsk, Omsk, Barnaul, Tomsk, Bratsk, Tyumen , Lysva, Novokuznetsk, Miass, Serov, Chita, Berezovsky, Mezhdurechensk, Nizhny Tagil, Biysk, Minusinsk, Satka, Kurgan, Vologda, Nizhny Novgorod, Abakan, Almetyevsk, Anapa, Angarsk, Anzhero-Sudzhensk, Apatity, Arzamas, Armavir, Astrakhan , Achinsk, Balakovo, Bataysk, Belebey, Belovo, Beloretsk, Berdsk, Berezniki, Blagoveshchensk, Buguruslan, Buzuluk, Velikiye Luki, Veliky Novgorod, Volgodonsk, Votkinsk, Glazov, Dzerzhinsk, Dimitrovgrad, Elabuga, Zelenogorsk, Zelenodolsk, Zlatoust, Iskitim, Ishim , Ishimbay, Kaluga, Kamensk-Shakhtinsky, St. Petersburg, Belgorod, Orel, Kazan, Rostov-on-Don, Voronezh, Bryansk, Krasnodar, Saratov, Murmansk, Tula, Noginsk, Volgograd, Ivanovo, Penza, Cheboksary, Volzhsky, Yaroslavl , Syktyvkar, Izhevsk, Samara, Makhachkala, Volzhsk, Yoshkar-Ola, Sokol, Ufa, Arkhangelsk, Tver, Podolsk, Ulyanovsk, Smolensk, Togliatti, Vladikavkaz, Petrozavodsk, Kursk, Vladimir, Cherepovets, Naberezhnye Chelny, etc.

Loading and unloading machines – Forklifts

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In the USSR, forklifts with internal combustion engines are used, produced mainly by domestic NRBs (Tables 1.6 and 1.7). Side loaders with pneumatic tires models 4063, 4065, 4070, 7806 and with massive tires - EP-303, EB-461.1 are used for loading and unloading vehicles with long loads: pipes, rolled steel, etc. (Fig. 1.1). The 4070 forklift has a torque converter from the LAZ-695V bus. The internal and external frames of the forklift, suspension beam, steering knuckles and steering linkage are unified with the 4008 forklift. New forklifts produced by NRB of the unified F17 series, with a lifting capacity of 2000, 3000 and 5000 kg, are convenient for inspection and repair, have a high-pressure hydraulic system - 13-103 kPa ( 130 kgf/cm2), smaller overall dimensions and increased maneuverability compared to domestic machines. The F17 DU50.33 loader with a lifting capacity of 5000 kg has a length with forks of 4080 mm and a turning radius of 2800 mm versus 5100 mm and 3700 mm for the 4014 forklift produced by the Lviv plant. The F17 DU50.33 loader can stack cargo with a passage width of 4350 mm, and for the 4014 loader this size is at least 5660 mm. The lifting capacity of auto- and electric forklifts with a blockless boom at different hook reach, the minimum and maximum hook height and the steering angles of the rear steered wheels are given in Table. 1.8—1.11. For the manufacture of forklifts, ready-made components of commercially produced trucks are used: drive axle, engine, final drive, control, etc. (Table 1.12-1.16).

shaft and a single-stage gearbox with spur gears with a gear ratio of 1.65, the 4055 forklift is driven from the crankshaft by a belt drive. The hydraulic drives of forklifts 4020, 4022, 4045M, 4045ML, 4046, 4049A, 4055, 4063 contain steel tubes and flexible high-pressure hoses on the discharge line, and steel tubes and low-pressure hoses on the suction and drain lines. The oil tank is made of sheet steel. There are filters in the filler neck of the tank, and siphon tubes at the inlet and outlet. The hydraulic distributor for the 4020 auto-loader is of the P75-B2 spool type (twin), for the 4022 auto-loader of the 4022 spool type three-section P40/75-VZ, for the 4043M, 4045M, 4045ML, 4046, 4049A, 4055, 4063K, 4065 spool-type forklifts spool type with bypass and safety valves . Forklifts 4020 and 4022 of the Yerevan Forklift Plant have small dimensions, which allows for loading and unloading operations at railway stations, in warehouses, ship holds, and in narrow passages of workshops. Forklifts 4055, 4043M(N), 4045M(MN;R), 4046M, 4016, 4014, 4017, 4049M, 4008M, 4028, 4075 of the Lviv Forklift Plant are designed for mechanization of loading and unloading operations at commodity depots, warehouses, construction sites, airfields , railway stations, sea and river ports.

Models with indices МН and Н differ from those discussed above in relatively minor design changes aimed at increasing reliability. The 4045P includes the forklift from the next generation machine, the 4014, and has a lift height of 2800mm; The hydraulic pump drive of the forklift system has been significantly improved compared to the basic model. Forklift trucks 4055 and 4017 (manufactured since 1976) are designed for installing and removing aircraft engines and propellers from AN-10 and IL-18 aircraft. These machines can also be used for other loading and unloading operations at the airport. The forklifts are equipped with three-frame telescopic lifts. The lifting device (included in the delivery package) is a cantilever boom with a hook of variable reach, the hook stroke along the cantilever boom is 1700 mm at a speed of 2.5 m/min. The carriage with the boom has transverse movement (right-left by 200 mm) at a speed 1.5 m/min. The drive of the forklift and the hook mechanism is hydraulic. Specialized forklifts 4046M (Fig. 1.2) and 4016 (produced since 1975) are designed for loading medium-tonnage containers onto cars (trailers), railway platforms and gondola cars, unloading from them and other loading and unloading operations. Table 1.14 Forklift Clutch

Main drive forklifts

The design of forklifts 4046M and 40116 allows for the possibility of loading and unloading containers from one side when they are arranged in two rows on a platform or gondola car. The main load-handling device of these forklifts is a cantilever boom with a variable reach hook. The 4016 forklift has a hook movement speed along the boom console without a load of 0.233 m/s (14 m/min), with a load of 0.133 m/s (8 m/min). The lifting capacity of the blockless boom hook when the hook extends from the front wall of the carriage is 1200, 1520, 1860 and 2340 mm, respectively, 4500, 4000, 3500 and 3000 kg. The 4045LM auto-loader for timber cargo is produced with additional equipment - a hydraulic jaw grip, when working with which its lifting capacity is 3000 kg, and when working with a blockless boom, it is 4000 kg at a hook reach from the front wall of the forklift of 800 mm and 1500 kg at a reach of 2150 mm, if the height lifting load no more than 3200 mm.

The end sectional area of ​​the jaw jaw is the smallest 0.5, the largest 1.5 m2. The greatest angle of rotation of the jaw grip is down 30°, up 90°. The 4049 forklift is designed for loading and unloading and stacking packages of lumber and other long loads in lumber warehouses. The main difference between the 4049 and 4049M forklifts from other models is the fork lift height increased to 7 m. The forklift is equipped with a three-frame forklift. The increased length and width compared to the 4045M model provide it with the necessary longitudinal and lateral stability. The main load-handling devices of the forklift are forks with a length of 1400 and 2200 mm. The forklift carriage has lateral movement of the forks to the left and right by 200 mm and can be tilted in the vertical plane at an angle of ± 7°. The movement and tilt of the carriage makes it easier to grab and place the load. Lifting, moving and tilting of the carriage is carried out by hydraulic cylinders. The 4013 and 4014 forklifts are available with carburetor and diesel engines. These loaders also provide for the installation of either a conventional mechanical transmission to the drive axle, or a hydrodynamic one. Forklifts 4008M, 4028 can work with various easily removable lifting devices: forks 1.5 and 3 m long (for moving large-sized cargo), a boom for loading and unloading containers and other cargo weighing up to 5 tons, hydraulic grippers for unloading logs from railway gondola cars and other means of transport open from above; grab for reloading bulk and lumpy cargo. The 4075 model loader has front and rear drive axles, providing high maneuverability and the ability to work on sites that do not have a hard surface. It is equipped with two types of forklifts with a lifting height of 2.8 and 4.5 m, as well as various lifting devices: a fork, a bulldozer-grab bucket, a timber grab and other devices, which allows it to be used for loading, unloading and transport operations with packaged, long and bulk cargo. Due to the large turning radius (7200 mm), wide driveways are required. In the new basic forklifts of models 4013, 4014, 4016 and 4028, the lifting height of the load is increased from 4 to 4.5 m, the speed of the lifted load and the lowered carriage without load has increased by 40-50%, the turning radius has been reduced by 7-10%, which has allowed reduce the need for additional space for maneuvering forklifts.

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