Most modern craftsmen who decide to build a homemade mini tractor with a breakable frame only have a large pile of potentially useful metal “sources” in the garage and some kind of plan, but nothing more. But if you want to learn how to make a tractor with a breaking frame with your own hands, without redoing your project many times due to design flaws, then we sincerely recommend that you acquire clear and detailed drawings.
What is a breaking frame
A fracture (articulated) frame is nothing more than 2 large half-frames. They are connected using a swivel joint. The equipment has a high degree of maneuverability. Advantages of homemade breakable all-wheel drive mini-tractors:
- a significant reduction in the turning radius (the unit is capable of turning a full 360 degrees while staying in one place);
- the tractor has good maneuverability in heavily swampy areas with variable terrain;
- the moving frame changes the balance pattern of the machine, which makes it possible to ensure reliable, good traction with the soil;
- This tractor distributes the load evenly, so it produces maximum power.
In terms of its characteristics, equipment with a breaking frame is significantly superior to light gardening equipment and is in no way inferior to heavy factory tractors. Typically this device has 4 wheel drive (all wheel drive). This increases the maneuverability and stability of tractors.
Mini tractor with tipping frame
Additional tips and warnings about the mini tractor
If you have a sufficient amount of money, then you can buy some old Zhiguli, Oka, walk-behind tractor to use it as a “donor” for a future homemade mini tractor.
You can purchase it without documents, and it’s quite used, so its cost will be approximately 25-30 thousand rubles, which is relatively little compared to a ready-made mini tractor.
The essence of this advice is simple: in order not to look for spare parts and parts everywhere, you can take everything from one machine, i.e. gearbox, clutch, etc. By the way, the car body can then be sold.
Also important is the registration of a home-made unit with the traffic police. Of course, you don’t have to do it if you don’t plan to travel outside your garden, but for those who plan to use public roads, this action is necessary.
The fact is that a minitractor, even a homemade one, is classified as special equipment, and therefore requires mandatory registration with the inspectorate. If you do not comply with these rules, the employee may impose a fine on you, and the vehicle itself may be removed to the impound lot.
Features of device collection
Assembling a tractor with a breaking frame will require investing a significant amount of money and time. You need to keep in mind that some tools may not be at hand, and finding them may take a lot of time. However, breaking a mini tractor with your own hands is cheap, especially when you have all the necessary equipment at hand. Even the comparative difficulty of creating a mini tractor is compensated by good results.
What tools will you need?
Potato digger for mini tractor
To make a model of a 4x4 mini tractor, you will need the following tools:
- welding machine;
- lathe;
- metal cutter;
- screwdrivers, wrenches and other installation tools.
Materials for construction
The device being developed consists of several nodes. Some tools are taken from other equipment without additional modification, while others require some modification. Necessary materials:
- frame;
- engine (can be from a Neva walk-behind tractor);
- loader, transfer cases;
- chassis (it includes wheels, axles and suspension);
- an assembly including brake discs;
- stars;
- steering;
- seat;
- mechanism to which attachments are attached.
Note! The ideal option would be to purchase an old passenger car (Zhiguli, Niva, Oka), from which you can get all the necessary spare parts.
Frame
Steering
To make a tractor with your own hands, you first need to design the control system. The steering column is mounted to the front half-frame with screws. In order for the steering wheel rotation to correspond to the movement of the unit, you need to change the position of the worm gear. You need to install it the other way around. The adjusting screw nut should be notched and a hole should be drilled in the crankcase cover.
A four-wheel drive tractor-breaker is distinguished by the fact that its steering wheel is located on the front of the frame, and the operator’s seat is at the rear.
Hydraulics can be removed from an old non-working tractor. The oil tank and pump are located next to the engine. Hydraulics are installed at the rear, where there is space for attachments.
If the machine will be used not only for loosening soil and other agricultural work, but also for removing snow, then it is necessary to install a front linkage. A cylinder is mounted to lift attachments. It can also be taken from a mini-tractor.
Designing a homemade tractor
Homemade mini tractor and everything for it
There is no need to assemble such a complex device without detailed and understandable drawings. During the work process, you need to adjust and connect a large number of parts; without a drawing, this is almost impossible to do. The choice of drawings is rich; with the help of special literature you can create an original version of a motor cultivator.
Each farmer and gardener has different design abilities. If they are not there, then you can turn to friends who will certainly help in this difficult and useful matter.
What is a fracture mini-tractor and how is it made?
Every owner dreams of an assistant who will help dig up the entire field, plant various crops, and also reap a rich harvest. But not everyone has the money for such a multifunctional device.
In this case, you shouldn’t despair, because if you have certain skills and patience, breaking an all-wheel drive minitractor can be done with your own hands. What is this unit? This is, in fact, an ordinary tractor, which is created from a walk-behind tractor.
It can be of three types: completely made independently, converted from existing parts, or manufactured at a factory. In this article we will look at how to make a 4x4 mini tractor with your own hands.
DIY tractor
To assemble a mini tractor with your own hands with an engine from a 4x4 walk-behind tractor, you need to follow the sequence of actions. You always need to start with the basics, then move on to the details.
Frame and body
Snow tractor
To assemble the structure, you need to weld 2 frames. The required dimensions of the front frame are 90x36 cm, the rear frame is 60x36 cm. Channels with numbers from 5 to 9 are used. Homemade units made using this profile are resistant to increased loads. If there are no increased requirements for the rigidity of the structure being manufactured, it is allowed to use a softer profile.
Important! The connection between the two structures is made at an angle of 45 degrees. If you use too thick metal for the frame, the tractor will be heavy and uncomfortable.
There are 2 square pipes installed on the front frame. They will perform the stretcher. Several platforms should be welded for mounting other components. Their number depends on the general design of the tractor.
A vertical metal stand is installed on the rear semi-frame. It intensifies on the sides. A metal plate is attached to the back of the half-frame. It is necessary for the hitch; without it, the tractor will not function normally with additional equipment.
Important! The plate and corners are made of metal, the thickness of which is at least 12 mm.
The semi-frames are connected to each other using a cardan mechanism. The cardan is a steel fork with a hinge. Parts for the construction of the cardan mechanism can be taken from Kamaz. If a farmer has a model of a UAZ mini tractor, doing it yourself will have similar characteristics.
Properly installed half-frames should move easily horizontally and vertically. From above, the frame and the joint are covered with a sheet of metal.
Steering and seat
The steering column is attached to the front frame plate with bolts. In order to turn the steering wheel in a homemade product exactly repeating the movements of the tractor, you need to insert the worm gear in the reverse position.
Steering and seat
A mini-tractor with a breaking frame is interesting in that the steering wheel is located in the front of the frame, while the driver’s seat is in the back. If you do not change the direction of the worm gear, it will be very difficult to control the tractor.
The hydraulic pump and oil tank are located in close proximity to the power plant. Hydraulic cylinders are a must because they make it much easier to control a mini tractor during intensive field work.
Additional accessories that are inserted to improve performance:
- front hitch for removing snow and debris;
- power cylinder for changing the location of attachments;
- Resor for the driver's seat;
- sheathing elements.
Engine
This tractor is equipped with an engine from any passenger car. The motor can be mounted on a subframe and secured with bolts.
Important! Additional cooling equipment must be installed on the engine. This is due to the fact that the motor of a passenger car cannot cope with a heavy load. Installing cooling is especially important in regions with very warm summers.
When installing the motor, the required gear ratio must be calculated. If the tractor speed is from 3 to 5 km/h, the speed of rotation should not be less than 1800 revolutions per minute. The pressure per share varies from 190 to 300 per square centimeter.
Note! The recommended values must not be exceeded, otherwise the plowing process will be ineffective.
Various engines can be retrofitted, depending on the initial idea and the tasks that will be performed using the mini-tractor.
Some mini tractors may have 1 or 2 cylinder diesel engines. In this case, a 4x4 vehicle will require a slight increase in the gear ratio. Motors such as UD-2 and TsD-4 are often used. They cope excellently with loads and can be reconfigured. MT-9 motors have a large margin of safety and durability.
Wheels
The mini-tractor frame is mounted on wheels. There are no general guidelines as to what wheel sizes should be. To transport goods, you need to choose wheels with a diameter from 13 to 16. For field work, you should choose wheels with a diameter from 18 to 24.
Wheels
If you choose wheels of insufficient size, the mini-tractor will not operate correctly and fall into the ground. If you choose wheels with a large size, then the driver will need to spend a lot of effort during field work.
For your information. Tires must provide good grip on the ground. This way it will be possible to increase maneuverability and reduce the load on the chassis.
The basis of the mini tractor is the frame
The practice of many shows that a channel is perfect for creating a base. From number five to number nine. The channel should be chosen because it is very rigid in torsion and bending. Homemade mini tractors with a breakable frame, made from high-quality channel wood, can last a long time, being subjected to daily high loads.
Of course, the channel does not have to be used to create the entire structure. You can use profiles of a different type in those places of your future mini tractor that do not require particularly heavy loads. For example, you can create a canopy frame over the seat using a 10 mm rod. It is also suitable for creating a frame for the wings.
The fracture unit for a mini tractor, also known as a semi-frame articulation. To create it, you can use the cardan from the final drive of the truck. To simplify the task of controlling a minitractor during plowing, at the design stage we recommend that you think about installing a steering system with hydraulic cylinders.
Homemade tractor frame: 1 - bumper (StZ, channel 80x80); 2 — engine mounting eye (StZ, sheet s20): 3 — front frame spar; 4 — mounting bracket for the steering cylinder (StZ, sheet s20); 5 — mower mounting eye (StZ, sheet s20); 6 — cabin mounting post (2 pcs.); 7 — body, central hinge unit (StZ, sheet s20); 8 — bracket for fastening the hydraulic cylinder for lifting the body and the towbar (StZ, sheet s20); 9 — rear frame spar: 10 — body mounting unit (StZ, sheet s20); 11 — connecting plates 12 — hinge body, special (steel 20, pipe 150×1(1); 13 beam for fastening the transfer case and the cab floor (from GA3-66); 14 — bracket for fastening the transfer case (from GAZ-06) ; 15 blade mounting unit; 16— transverse beam (StZ. pipe 80x80x6): 17 — mounting eye for the blade hydraulic cylinder (StZ, sheet s20); 18 — stand (steel 20, channel 100x46); 19 — cross member.
Optional equipment
For high-quality and productive work, homemade 4x4 mini tractors must have a power take-off shaft. All other devices such as mowers, plows, reapers and other equipment are attached to it. The power take-off shaft can be “borrowed” from old tractor equipment.
A cabin for such a mini-tractor is needed if it is intended to be used in winter. Otherwise, it will be enough to install a simple tarpaulin canopy.
Interesting. For safe work at the dacha in the dark, you should install headlights and side lights.
A do-it-yourself 4x4 mini tractor with a tipping frame is an excellent helper for cultivating large farmlands. Even though it takes a lot of time to collect, it will bring excellent results. The low cost of assembly makes mini tractors with a breakable frame the best helpers for small farms.
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Advantages and disadvantages of a homemade design
In times of crisis, the defining moment that affects many areas of life and industry is the issue of saving money. It is this circumstance that pushes many enthusiasts to independently manufacture not only mini tractors, but also other agricultural equipment.
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This fact, in many ways, becomes decisive, especially for rural areas, where there has been no employment for a long time, and, as a consequence, no money. All that people living in villages and villages have is their personal farm, which feeds them throughout the year.
Advantages
Therefore, homemade units in rural areas will be popular for a long time.
In addition to the obvious savings in money, self-assembly has a number of advantages:
- Due to its compact dimensions, the homemade unit is capable of performing work in fairly small areas. Considering that most private gardens are small, this circumstance becomes important, because the use of large-sized equipment, in this case, is impractical.
- Quickly achieved payback – literally in one season. This is a consequence of the savings on components that were described earlier.
- Quite good performance indicators, which are demonstrated by a homemade unit.
However, no matter how much you might want it, homemade mini tractors also have certain disadvantages that need to be pointed out:
- When assembling, there is a certain problem of finding the necessary parts and spare parts.
- A consequence of the previous problem is the issue of repair, because if a certain part fails, it will be quite difficult to find it.
- Self-assembly requires certain technical knowledge, as well as the ability to work with a welding machine and a lathe. In other words, assembly is not for everyone.
- Due to the fact that an all-wheel drive homemade mini tractor is made mainly from old components, this may affect the frequency of equipment breakdowns.
Flaws
As we can see, there are quite a lot of disadvantages. But, at the household level, self-assembly becomes almost the only alternative due to its relative cheapness.
