NSh pump for MTZ hydraulics: oil pump design, malfunctions, characteristics, how to install NSh 50 instead of NSh 32

Several oil pumps are installed on MTZ tractors, and one of them supplies oil to the hydraulic system. Mineral oil is used as the working fluid, which circulates in the hydraulic circuit under a pressure of 12-16 MPa. It is the oil pump that creates the necessary operating pressure, so the ability to operate the tractor with various attachments depends on how stable it functions.

We will talk about the characteristics, design, principle of operation and other points related to the maintenance and operation of oil pumps for MTZ hydraulics later in the article.

Working principle of a hydraulic pump

The movement of attachments on the Belarus tractor is carried out by extending several hydraulic cylinders. They, in turn, are pushed or pulled in, respectively, by the rising or falling pressure of the working fluid. On MTZ tractors this is mineral oil.

Oil circulates in a closed circuit under a pressure of 12 MPa on older MTZ models. On new ones, the hydraulic pressure is 15-16 MPa. It can reach up to 20 MPa with an incorrectly configured system, but these are maximum values ​​that are best avoided.

On the MTZ tractor, the hydraulic oil pump is gear-type, i.e. NS. It is mounted on a housing under the cab between the oil tank and the distributor, which regulates the flow of fluid to the hydraulic cylinders or its exit from the hydraulic system back to the tank. The pump is driven from the PTO drive drive shaft through a gap.

The operation of the hydraulic oil pump provides three key modes on the MTZ tractor:

1. The hydraulic cylinder piston moves back and forth, i.e. movement in two opposite directions.
2. The piston position is fixed in the desired position when the oil does not exit the cylinder.
3. The piston moves freely when both volumes of the cylinder are connected to the main oil line of the hydraulic system.

By means of the pressure created by the MTZ hydraulic oil pump, the following is carried out:

• control of equipment integrated with the tractor;
• control of towed devices.

Characteristics of the oil pump on MTZ hydraulics

On tractors MTZ 80 and 82, gear pumps NSh 32A-3 or NSh 32M-3 are used on the hydraulic system. There are other options, but these are the most common. Also, some tractor drivers replace the oil pump with a model with different characteristics.

Technical characteristics of NSh 32 oil pumps for MTZ 80 and 82 tractors are as follows:

The hydraulic system of old MTZ tractors used an NSh 32-2 oil pump. Its productivity is 45 l/min, and its operating pressure is lower – 12 MPa.

Symbol (Russia, CIS)

Standard designation for gear pump:

NSh50M-3L

• NSh - gear pump;
• 50 - code of working volume in cm3. (6, 8, 10, 14, 16, 25, 32, 40, 50, 71, 100);
• M - series, design (U / A, M, G / B, V, G, D, DK, DKM)
• 3 - version according to nominal pressure (3 - 16 MPa/160bar; 4 - 20 MPa/200bar)
• L - direction of shaft rotation (R - right, clockwise, not indicated; L - left, counterclockwise)

Full designation of gear pump:

NSh32M-3LT S X XX

• NSh - gear pump;
• 32 - code of working volume in cm3. (6, 8, 10, 14, 16, 25, 32, 40, 50, 71, 100);
• M - series, design (U / A, M, G / B, V, G, D, DK, DKM)
• 3 - version according to nominal pressure (3 - 16 MPa; 4 - 20 MPa)
• L - direction of shaft rotation (P* - right, clockwise, not indicated; L - left, counterclockwise)
• T - climatic version (U* - moderate and cold climate, not specified; T - tropical climate
• C Х ХХ - design features:
• C - output end of the shaft (A, B, C, D* - 6x21x25e9x5 GOST1139-80 - not specified)
• X - shaft seal (0*, 1, 2)
• XX - design features, manufacturer code (01, 02, 03, ...)

* - may not be specified

Types of NSh pumps: which one to choose for the hydraulics of the MTZ tractor

MTZ 80 and 82 tractors are equipped with NSh32 hydraulic oil pumps. But you can replace them with other models with different technical characteristics, if necessary.

Pumps NSh6, NSh10, NSh32, NSh50 or NSh100 are suitable for the hydraulic system of the tractor. The design features of the housing, the location of the inlet and outlet openings and other characteristics are the same, so replacement is possible without alterations, installation of adapters, etc. In other words, these units are interchangeable, so you can choose the model that is better suited for performing specific tasks on the tractor.

The brand of the gear pump indicates the displacement of the housing. Thus, for oil pumps from NSh6 to NSh100, the working volume will vary from 6 to 100 cm3.

All units have the same pressure:

• sucked oil – 0.018-0.15 MPa;
• oil output - 16 MPa.

Due to different working volumes, NSh oil pumps for hydraulics have different performance. It is 16.3 l/min for low-power NSh6 and can reach up to 173 l/min for the most powerful NSh100. Accordingly, depending on this, the power will vary - from 6.8 to 80.1 kW.

As for the operating conditions, they are the same for all MTZ hydraulic oil pumps: from -50 to +60 degrees.

To make it easier for you to choose the brand of hydraulic oil pump, we present the main technical characteristics of different NSh pumps. They are presented in the table below.

Pump NSh-50 instead of NSh-32

NSh hydraulic pumps at MTZ are interchangeable. The standard NSh-32 is sufficient to operate standard agricultural attachments. But if the tractor is used as a front loader or performs excavation work, the NSh-32 will slow down noticeably.

To speed up the operation of the tractor, you can install an NSh-50 hydraulic oil pump, which is much more powerful. In some cases, it is advisable to choose even more powerful brands, for example, NSh-100. But in most situations, NSh-50 will be enough to comfortably work with lifting attachments or process complex and hard soils.

In principle, in order to install a 50 on an MTZ-80 instead of an NSh-32, you just need to buy a new hydraulic pump. The only difference between them during installation is the size of the flanges. Minimal modifications are needed, which are described in more detail in the video.

After purchasing a new pump, you need to test it on a stand. You need to make sure that the unit meets the declared characteristics - pressure and performance.

If, after installing a more powerful hydraulic pump, the desired increase in power and speed did not occur, the reason may be in the P-80 distributor. It is advisable to replace it with a new one.

It is necessary to work with the MTZ-80 hydraulic system equipped with an NSh-50 pump at low engine speeds. The system must be filled with suitable mineral oil - for example, M8. There should be a little oil at the end of the dipstick.

Sometimes it is necessary to slow down the hydraulic system. When installing an NSh-50 pump on a MTZ-80 tractor, this can be achieved by changing the oil. You can pour something more viscous, for example 20 or 40, spindle will do.

Removal and installation of pump NSh-32 U-L

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Malfunctions of the MTZ hydraulic pump and methods for eliminating them

The pressure does not rise at the pump outlet

A drop in outlet pressure usually indicates an insufficient amount of fluid. It may be lost as a result of loss of elasticity of the seals, or too little of it was initially poured into the hydraulic tank.

Foam comes through the throat of the hydraulic tank

Foam forms when air is sucked into the tank through the seals. In this case, you need to replace the worn gaskets.

Oil seeps through joints

The appearance of oil smudges in the places where the oil lines are connected can be caused by the fixing fasteners being too tightly tightened. To eliminate oil seepage, try loosening the connections.

The hydraulic tank is heating up

A failed spool or bypass valve can cause the hydraulic system tank to heat up. To eliminate the defect, you need to check the operation of these parts and, if necessary, replace them.