40th anniversary of OZTP (Orsk Tractor Trailer Plant)

LLC S-Agroservice > Information > Plants in Russia and the CIS > Tractor plants > Orsk Tractor Trailer Plant (OZTP-SARMAT)

The Orsk Tractor Trailer Plant (short name - OJSC OZTP-SARMAT) was founded in 1969. Throughout its existence, the plant was the largest enterprise in the USSR in the production of heavy-duty trailers. And today, OJSC SARMAT retains its position as the leading specialized enterprise in Russia and the CIS for serial production heavy-duty tractor trailers and semi-trailers. At the end of the 90s, the plant mastered the production of buses of its own design. The enterprise was repeatedly awarded Gold medals and 1st degree Diplomas for the creation of a family of tractor trailers of various carrying capacities. All products of the plant are certified.

Products:

• OZTP trailers and tractor tipper semi-trailers, single-axle, two-axle and three-axle; • Platform semi-trailers; • Timber semi-trailers; • Mobile technological tanks on the chassis of a tractor trailer; • Automobile trailers for long and large-sized cargo; • Low-bed automobile trailers for installation and transportation of special equipment; • Chassis of tractor trailers for installation and transportation of mobile buildings, trailers; • OZTP trailers for passenger cars are single-axle; • Self-propelled harvesters ZhVS-8.6; • Production of buses; • Liquid carbon dioxide (carbon dioxide) of the highest grade, technical and food grade.

Production (workshops):

• Procurement and pressing production; • Welding production; • Mechanical assembly production; • Thermo-galvanic production; • Assembly and painting production; • Tool production; • Mechanical repair shop; • Transport workshop; • Storage facilities; • Energy management; • Experimental workshop.

40th anniversary of OZTP (Orsk Tractor Trailer Plant)

The Legend of the Sarmatians

Denis Dementyev Photo by the author, OJSC "OZTP-Sarmat" and LLC "Orskie trailers"

The Orsk Tractor Trailer Plant, which has been producing trailers for various purposes for 40 years, was once one of the largest enterprises of this profile in the world in terms of production volumes, and its abbreviation “OZTP” is well known to everyone who has ever dealt with trailers. technology. As is typical for industrial giants, OZTP over the years dealt not only with trailers. It is all the more interesting to talk about the path of development and the present day of this enterprise.

Located in the industrial center of the eastern Orenburg region, the plant was considered one of the youngest enterprises that was once part of the USSR Ministry of Automotive Industry. The decision to build it was made back in 1969, and the plant produced its first specialized products in 1976. It turns out that it can actually be considered a twin brother of the current KAMAZ both in age and in the scale of the project, which included the development of tractor trailers with a carrying capacity of 9–12 tons with a capacity of about 50 thousand units per year.

The main reasons for organizing such large-scale production were two factors. Firstly, by the end of the 1960s, there was an acute shortage of tractor trailers to work with high-traction class Kirovets tractors, which then began to appear en masse in rural areas and in industry. Secondly, it was necessary to withdraw the production of tractor trailers from the Mytishchi Machine-Building Plant, which was imposed on this non-core topic back in the 1950s, which did not allow it to increase its capacity for the production of dump trucks and defense products.

Thus, the main direction of activity of the new enterprise was determined, the construction of which in the suburbs of Orsk began in 1971, and the production of tractor trailers at the enterprise started on November 5, 1976. In general, it must be said that until the beginning of the 1990s, OZTP was entirely engaged only in tractor-trailered equipment. In particular, at the plant in 1978, the All-Union GSKB for tractor trailers was organized, the functions of which were previously performed by the head design bureau for trailers (Balashov, Saratov region), which previously combined automotive and agricultural topics. The newly formed bureau in Orsk not only developed promising models for subsequent introduction into production, but also carried out work on standardization, design supervision and testing of all tractor trailers in the country, including those produced by enterprises that were part of other departments (ministries tractor industry, V/O "Soyuzselkhoztekhnika", Ministry of Internal Affairs, etc.). Despite this, in terms of production there was still a place for automotive equipment. In particular, in accordance with the order of the VPO Soyuzavtotriptsep to expand the production of consumer goods, the plant received design documentation and, since 1982, mastered the production of MMZ-81021 trailers for passenger cars, and, interestingly, OZTP was their largest manufacturer in the USSR: only in 1985 he produced 12,374 pieces.

In addition, as part of the defense order, the enterprise mass-produced low-loader chassis trailers GKB-782B (type 2PN-4M), which were intended for the subsequent installation of various special installations on them. The most common were van bodies of the “K” and “KM” types, as well as fuel tanks. At the same time, work was carried out at the plant to improve the design of this trailer. Thus, a modernized version of the low-load trailer model 8411 type 2PN-4M1 was developed. Its main difference was the redesigned front axle control kinematics scheme, which was due to the need to improve handling performance and eliminate wobbling of the trailer on the road. However, after army tests of prototypes at the 21st Scientific Research Institute of the Ministry of Defense did not reveal fundamental improvements in this direction, the topic was closed.

By the early 1990s, OZTP was the world's largest (!) manufacturer of tractor trailers (23,809 units were produced in 1990, 23,558 units in 1991), and its export capabilities could be the envy of another automobile plant: in terms of supply volumes In different years, the company entered foreign markets in second place (after AvtoVAZ) among other MAP enterprises. Tractor trailers were supplied through V/O Traktoroexport not only to the well-lobbied markets of people's democracies and their sympathizers, but were also steadily in great demand in capitalist countries, in particular in Germany, Finland, Denmark, Holland and Austria. It is interesting that already in the new Russia, the interest of Western consumers in OZTP technology has not disappeared. The plant continued to design and produce various tractor trailers for the needs of European countries, and in Germany they even organized their painting and assembly under the company's own brand Spiegel (German - mirror, bull's eye).

After going through the privatization procedure, the enterprise received a new name: OJSC "OZTP - Sarmat". The trailers produced also received the same brand in honor of the Sarmatians (an ancient nomadic people who once inhabited a vast territory from modern Kazakhstan to Ukraine). At the same time, the economic realities of the 1990s, when the effective demand for trailed equipment (both military and tractor) began to fall sharply, forced us to diversify production.

Since 1993, the company began producing dump trucks, starting with the assembly of KamAZ-55111. However, a fire that soon occurred at the engine plant in Naberezhnye Chelny had a catastrophic effect on the production volume of Kama trucks, and therefore many manufacturers of special equipment had to quickly look for replacements. At that time, road trucks closer to them in terms of tonnage were ZILs, which became the basis for new models of dump trucks developed at OZTP. The first of them, ZIL-OZTP-4518, was actually an analogue of the Kama dump truck on a three-axle ZIL-133D4 chassis. The second in line was the ZIL-OZTP-4517 agricultural dump truck with three-way unloading on the ZIL-433102 chassis. In 1993, 7 and 2 of these dump trucks were produced, respectively. Their production lasted until the end of 1995. During this entire period, 7 units were assembled at the plant. models 4517 and 88 pcs. – models 4518.

At the same time, in 1993, the production of “Sarmat-85264” dump truck trailers, the plant’s first commercial vehicle trailers, began. The basic tractor for them was first the ZIL-OZTP-4517, and since 1996 they began to be offered for the OZTP-4524 dump truck on the KamAZ chassis. At the same time, the plant continued to assemble KamAZ-55111 dump trucks until 1997, and in 1995 even produced a pilot batch of 16 such vehicles with a Renault MIDR 06.02.26 diesel engine (the prototype was manufactured back in 1994).

However, the most striking non-core project for the enterprise was the production of buses. This was preceded by a whole series of events. Thus, the rapid deterioration of urban transport and the impossibility of purchasing expensive buses prompted the administration of the Orenburg region to turn their attention to simple and cheap Alterna buses, which were then promoted by the Ministry of Transport of the Russian Federation as part of the federal program for the development of the production of city buses. Joint Stock Transport joined this project in January 1995, which entered into an agreement with Alterna LLP for the purchase of documentation, stocks and components for organizing the assembly of buses. For the new production, an entire building was allocated on the territory of the Production and Technical Plant controlled by Oreburgavtotrans (Orenburg, Pobedy Ave., 126). But despite this, during the construction of the first cars, problems emerged with the welding of the base and body frame - the most critical area of ​​​​the work. It turned out that this is a troublesome matter, and it requires the appropriate competencies. Where can I get them? And then in June 1995, OZTP came to the rescue, which at that time, being in the process of its first bankruptcy (by court decision of April 19, 1995), was actively in need of loading production and was looking for orders. A new legal entity was created - CJSC for the production of buses "Orenor", which included AOOT "OZTP - Sarmat", AOOT ATK "Orenbrugavtotrans", AOOT "Orfin" and the government of the Orenburg region with their shares. Through him, OZTP received from Orenburg all the design documentation and stocks for welding frames.

Initially, the plant planned to organize the production of only “black bodies” (frame with cladding), from which the finished Alterna-4216 (medium city) and Alterna-6230 (extra large city) buses were then assembled in Orenburg. In total, the project provided for the creation of capacities for the production of 400 pieces. bus bodies per year for each model. Moving towards this goal, in Orsk, by the beginning of 1996, 10 frames of model 4216 were produced. But subsequently, the company, having mastered the new role, decided to independently offer assembled buses and prepared the capacity to produce 250 units. in year. The first city "Alterna-4216" left the gates of JSC "OZTP-Sarmat" on March 14, 1996. In total, during the first year of production, the plant assembled 5 buses (4 pieces “4216”, 1 piece “6230”) and 20 bodies (19 pieces “4216” and 1 piece “6230”).

In the first quarter of 1997, the plant’s scientific and technological center began work on a deep modernization of Altern products. The main innovations here were a new KamAZ engine that meets Euro 1 environmental standards, an updated design, a strengthened body frame and associated improved visibility, ventilation, and interior heating. On July 15, 1998, at the regional administration building in Orenburg, the first presentation of prototypes of modernized city buses took place, which received the new name “Nadezhda”: a middle-class bus model 4225 and an extra large bus model 6221. Throughout 1999, preparations for production were underway, and at the end of 1999 In 2000, the first batch of medium-sized buses was produced, and in 2000 the first two production vehicles, model 6221, were produced. During this time, the plant continued to mass-produce first-generation Alternas - the last of them (articulated, model 6230) was manufactured at the beginning of 2000.

During the second half of the 1990s, the plant lived not only and not so much on buses, which sometimes brought only losses. At that time, the plant was actively developing new types of car trailers. For example, a line of fuel tanks was created based on trailers (mod. 8603 for 10,200 l), semi-trailers (mod. 9640 for 20,000 l and mod. 96401 with a boiler volume of 17,500 l), dissolution trailers mod. 8802 for Ural vehicles, car transporter semi-trailers mod. 9305 and flatbed semi-trailers mod. 93051, as well as trailers mod. 8232 for passenger cars. The topic of dump trucks did not fade away either: in 1998, a variant was developed and a large batch of agricultural road trains OZTP-45171 + “Sarmat-8589” on the MAZ-5337 chassis was developed. In 1997, a prototype tanker truck was manufactured on the KamAZ-55111 chassis. But at the same time, tractor trailers remained the main product.

It is worth noting that in the late 1990s, chassis trailers for mounting all kinds of caravans began to be in great demand, the demand for which has grown significantly. Among the main buyers of the chassis were such large manufacturers of mobile homes as NOEMZ, Surgu and many others. These chassis basically allowed the plant to stay afloat and even engage in new developments, including buses. While Nadezhdy was in small but stable demand, the plant management was hatching plans to create a new intercity bus with a YaMZ engine. For this purpose, in December 1998, a separate group was created within the Scientific and Technical Center to design promising city and intercity buses. At first she was involved in the production of Nadezhda, and in 2002 - in the development of the Saturn bus (model 5286). The bus was intended for intercity transportation and was designed for operation in northern conditions, for which it had an insulated body, double glazing, and autonomous heating, ventilation and air conditioning systems. Its prototype was manufactured in 2003, but mass production was never organized, despite successfully passing certification tests. The reason was the difficult situation of the enterprise itself, which again entered insolvency proceedings in 2004. On July 25, 2005, OJSC "OZTP-Sarmat" was declared bankrupt, and bankruptcy proceedings were initiated against it. Creditors began to tear the once industrial giant into pieces, selling raw materials, materials, and equipment for any money.

Some of the plant's former employees tried to preserve at least the remnants of production. This is how OJSC “PO Sarmat” was formed, which maintained continuity in relation to design work and was able to establish the production of trailed equipment on part of the territory of the already former OZTP. Having gone through a series of reorganizations and liquidations, the production of Sarmat trailers is today known as Orskiye Trailers LLC (previously MO Sarmat LLC). They produce a wide range of tractor trailers (both tipper and chassis), continue to produce GKB-872M trailers for the needs of the Russian Ministry of Defense, tank trailers, passenger trailers, and also develop new models. One of the fresh new products for the summer of 2016 is the Sarmat-8589A dump truck trailer with a lifting capacity of 14 tons for working with KAMAZ.

It is interesting that, despite the small production volumes and production areas compared to the Soviet period, the enterprise has maintained a full technological cycle, allowing it to independently produce frames, sides, axles, king pins and other components for trailers, which makes them relatively cheap compared to trailers many other manufacturers.
There is hope that equipment with the Sarmat brand and VIN code “XSC...” will continue to delight its consumers with quality, reliability and affordable prices. And in conclusion, it is worth congratulating all the factory workers on the 40th anniversary of the production of Orsk trailers. Technical characteristics of the main products of OJSC "OZTP-Sarmat" and LLC "Orskie trailers"*

*Note. Characteristics of buses produced by OJSC "OZTP-Sarmat", not listed in this table, are given in the article "ALTERNATIVE bus".