GAZelle Business is a family of Russian-made light-duty vehicles produced at the GAZ plant since 2010. The model replaced the classic GAZelle of the 90s. The manufacturer managed to improve the car's performance without making significant design improvements. In particular, the service interval has been increased to 15 thousand km versus 10 thousand previously, and the warranty period has been extended to 80 thousand km or two years.
The reduction in fuel consumption was 5%, and the braking distance was reduced by 8%. In addition to the imported Cummins ISF diesel engine, the main engine for the GAZelle Business family is the gasoline UMZ-4216.10, working with a five-speed manual gearbox. The engine provides a maximum speed of 130 km/h.
Design
Four-stroke engine with an integrated microprocessor fuel injection and ignition control system, with multi-point phased fuel injection, with in-line cylinders and pistons rotating one common crankshaft, with a lower camshaft, with a tuned exhaust system. The engine has a closed-type liquid cooling system with forced circulation. Combined lubrication system: under pressure and splashing.
The design of the UAZ Bukhanka engine cooling system
UAZ “Bukhanka” is a real all-wheel drive SUV that can go where other SUVs cannot. This UAZ model has been produced since 1957. This car is used as special equipment in enterprises, as well as by ordinary people for fishing or hunting trips.
UAZ “Bukhanka” accommodates up to 10 people
This car is valued for its cross-country ability and maintainability, the prices for spare parts for it are affordable for most owners, and repairs can be carried out independently. Two engines ZMZ-402 and ZMZ-409 were installed on the Bukhanka; if you want to repair the Bukhanka yourself, then you will be interested in the design of the UAZ Bukhanka engine cooling system.
General device
These cargo-passenger cars with carriage layout use closed-type liquid cooling. The coolant circulates in the system forcibly under the influence of a centrifugal pump. The manufacturer recommends using domestic Tosol as coolant. However, in emergency cases, you can fill the cooling system of the UAZ “Loaf” with ordinary water. The volume, including not only the cooling system circuits, but also the heater, on most models ranges from 13.2 to 15.3 liters.
Cooling system diagram for ZMZ-402
It's quite simple. This power unit is cooled by liquid that passes through two circuits.
The system is built according to a ring scheme and consists of several main components. The liquid moves from the radiator through the pipes to the thermostat, then passes through the engine cooling jacket. Then, through the water pump, it returns to the radiator. In addition, the cooling system of the UAZ “Loaf” with a 402 engine includes an electric fan, a temperature sensor, and heaters. Let's look at each element separately.
Thermostat
This is the most delicate component in the system. It fails most often - modern spare parts are not of very high quality. The function of the thermostat is to control the flow of coolant through the engine. The ZMZ-402 unit, like many others, has two coolant circulation circles - large and, accordingly, small.
Motor malfunctions
During operation, the power plant proved reliability and reliability. However, the product has a number of technical shortcomings that lead to trouble. Often the sensors of the mechanism or the exhaust manifold fail. In addition, the motor is susceptible to overheating. The reasons for excessive heating are a decrease in speed on off-road roads and stops in city traffic jams, typical for the summer period. Another reason for boiling is a malfunction of the fan activation clutch blowing the radiator. Elimination of shortcomings is possible after replacing the radiator with a copper structure, whose thermal output exceeds that of the standard product. When performing maintenance, it is recommended to fill the cooler circuit with antifreeze. Some users force the fan to turn on from the driver's cabin, and also change the propeller to a model with a large number of blades.
Replacement frequency
The frequency of engine oil changes on the Gazelle 405 is determined based on operating conditions.
The standard recommendation provided by the manufacturer is 10 thousand kilometers. Under normal conditions, car owners should adhere to this interval between services for replacing motor lubricant.
Normal operating conditions are considered:
- highways from 1 to 3 categories;
- flat road or slightly hilly areas;
- asphalt covering.
Here we are talking about completely urban conditions and the highway.
But since the Gazelle is a commercial vehicle, it is not always possible to drive it exclusively on asphalt and flat roads
For drivers who operate the car in more difficult conditions, special adjustments are made. The worse the road surface, the shorter the interval between fluid changes in the Gazelle engine oil sump becomes.
- When driving the Gazelle 405 on gravel and crushed stone roads, visiting suburban areas, it is recommended to change the engine oil every 9 thousand kilometers.
- In small settlements where gravel, hilly and cobblestone roads predominate, the oil change interval is reduced to 8 thousand kilometers.
- It is recommended to change the engine fluid every 7 thousand kilometers if the main operating conditions for the Gazelle 405 are large cities with crushed stone, gravel and bitumen-mineral surfaces, and the terrain is mountainous or with a large number of hilly areas.
- On-farm roads, internal quarry roads, rural areas and natural soil wear out the engine more, and the oil loses its characteristics more rapidly. Therefore, when traveling on such roads, you should change the oil at intervals of at least every 6 thousand kilometers.
Nobody forbids you to perform the lubricant replacement procedure earlier. But exceeding the established standards by more than 500 kilometers is strongly not recommended.
At this point, the oil in the Gazelle 405 engine is at the limit of its capabilities, and its physical and chemical properties are practically lost. Increasing the set threshold leads to rapid wear of parts, the formation of a large amount of contaminants, with a subsequent risk of failure of the power unit.
Oil selection
There is no fundamental difference between pouring domestic and imported motor oil into Gazelle 405 engines. Many people believe that foreign lubricants are of higher quality and are significantly ahead of their domestic counterparts in this component.
This is not entirely true. It all depends on the manufacturer. Among imported oils there are truly high-quality solutions with excellent properties and characteristics. And there are also low-grade compounds, pouring which into the Gazelle engine will only harm the engine.
Experts recommend starting from the quality requirements and compliance with classifications provided by the Gazelle 405 automaker.
There are two main criteria here:
- domestic service station classification, in this case the selected oil must meet the requirements of B4/D2;
- The international API classification is relevant for imported oils.
According to API, the following oils are suitable for Gazelle 405:
- SL/SM;
- SJ/CD;
- SJ/SH/CF.
If you find a motor lubricant that meets these standards and classifications, half the battle is already done.
It is also important that the oil for the Gazelle meets the temperature conditions in which the car is operated. Most adhere to the principle of choosing all-season oils. Only for certain regions of the country, where the temperature drops below -30 degrees Celsius, it is necessary to use purely winter brands of motor oils.
The most common viscosity solutions for Gazelle 405 are:
- 10W30;
In the first case, the oil can withstand operation in the temperature range from -30 to +20 degrees Celsius. This is acceptable for some regions of Russia.
But 0W40 is considered more universal. This composition does not lose its properties and fluidity in the temperature range from -30 to +35 degrees Celsius.
Taking into account the climatic characteristics of your region, in terms of viscosity indicators you can use the following oils for Gazelle 405:
- 0W30;
- 5W30;
- 5W40;
- 10W40;
If the required amount of engine oil is poured in a timely manner, and you use high-quality compounds, then you will not face problems with premature engine wear.
If we talk specifically about which oil is best to fill in the Gazelle 405 by manufacturer, then the most popular brands here are:
- Yar-Marka Super;
- Lukoil Artik;
- Novoil Sint;
- Yukos Super;
- Lukoil Lux;
- Consol Forum.
But under no circumstances should you use oils from different manufacturers when replacing. When changing the lubricant in the engine yourself, which does not involve flushing the system, only fill in exactly the same composition.
If you switch to an alternative brand, even if the characteristics between lubricants are completely consistent, you must flush the engine crankcase. This is done with special flushing fluids or oils.
What kind of oil should be poured into the UMZ 4216 engine of the GAZelle Business car
Original
For Gazelle Business cars, semi-synthetic or synthetic oil is recommended. The viscosity should be selected based on climatic conditions: 5W-30 or 0W-40 is suitable for winter use, and for year-round use, you can opt for all-season oil 10W-40, 10W-30 or 5W-40.
Unoriginal
Owners of GAZelle Business cars prefer motor oils from Lukoil, Gazpromneft, Kixx, Shell, Valvoline, Mobil, Castrol, Liqui Moly. In addition, when choosing a product, the API tolerance indicator, selected depending on the type of internal combustion engine and the year of manufacture of the car, is of great importance. For example, for the gasoline model Gazelle Business 2010. semi-synthetic oil SAE 10W-40 with API-SL approval is recommended. For cars of recent years of production (after 2016), you can use semi-synthetics or API-SN synthetics. For the gasoline model, Shell Helix HX7 5W-40 is suitable
Advantages of booms with hydraulic compensators
The UMZ-4216 engine with hydraulic compensators does not require additional maintenance due to the absence of valve clearances throughout the entire period of operation. Because of this, the noise level is noticeably reduced. The highest engine speeds are now not critical, because the design of the hydraulic compensators includes the factor of stabilizing the occurrence of maximum loads. The degree of wear of the mating surfaces of the mechanism parts is significantly reduced. Due to the optimization of gas distribution phases, harmful impurities of exhaust gases are consistently low throughout the entire period of operation.
How much antifreeze is included in UAZ Bukhanka?
The manufacturer recommends using domestic Tosol as coolant. However, in emergency cases, you can fill the cooling system of the UAZ “Loaf” with ordinary water. The volume, including not only the cooling system circuits, but also the heater, on most models ranges from 13.2 to 15.3 liters.
How many liters of antifreeze are included in a UAZ?
At ambient temperatures below minus 40 degrees, coolant-65 or TOSOL-A65M must be used in the system. The volume of the cooling system, including the heater, on UAZ-3741, UAZ-39094, UAZ-3303 and UAZ-33036 vehicles is 13.2-13.4 liters, on UAZ-3962, UAZ-3909, UAZ-2206 - 14.4 -14.6 liters.
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How much coolant is in UAZ 469?
On the UAZ 469, the Ulyanovsk plant installs a copper three-row radiator manufactured by SHAAZ Shadrinsk. The serial number of the unit is 3741-3741Ш-1301010-05. The total liquid capacity is 6 liters.
What antifreeze should I pour into the UAZ Bukhanka?
Judging by the classification of antifreeze that UAZ offers, it is necessary to fill in G12 class antifreeze. Lukoil has two of them: Antifreeze LUKOIL G12 RED or Antifreeze LUKOIL G12 YELLOW.
