Author: Dimon
02 February 2022 21:46
Community: Autoworld
Tags: auto educational top 10
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The huge trucks, which are considered "ultra-class" tippers, are typically used in the mining industry, although they can be used to transport materials during large construction projects.
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They can be several stories high and capable of transporting hundreds of tons, and we will tell you further which of these dump trucks are the largest in the world.
Komatsu 960E
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Komatsu America Corp. in 2007 announced the release of the 960E-1 (960E) electric dump truck. The largest of Komatsu's range of mining trucks, the new model has a payload of 360 tonnes and weighs 576 tonnes when fully loaded. The 960E balances payload, performance and power, and is designed to meet today's industry needs. Standing nearly 11 meters tall, the 960E uses a modern frame design and advanced technology. With over 3 years of experience (from coalfields to deep copper mining), Komatsu has tested and proven the truck is ready for today's industry needs. Komatsu, by the way, is the world leader in the field of electric mining trucks and was the first to introduce AC systems for high-end mining trucks with the serial production of the 930E in 1996. Today, the 930E is the best-selling "ultra" truck with more than 650 vehicles in the field. The 960E builds on this success and offers customers the right match in production capacity, speed and operating costs. From the rugged body to the standard 56/80R63 tires, the 960E is designed to be a low-cost leader. The 960E is powered by the Komatsu SSDA18V170 engine, which uses a unique two-stage turbocharged air handling system to deliver 3,500 horsepower at the lowest specific fuel consumption (BSFC) rating for this truck class.
Terex TR 100
American Terex is one of the world's largest technology companies, engaged in the production of almost all necessary equipment for the road construction, mining and oil production, transport and processing industries. The company's line of mining dump trucks consists of 4 models. The largest of them is the 100-ton Terex TR100.
The giant is equipped with a Cummins power unit with a displacement of 37.7 liters. Its maximum power is 783 kW or 1050 horsepower. Dimensions TR100: 10.8 meters long, 5.9 meters wide and 4.4 meters high.
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XCMG DE400
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The XCMG DE400 is a mining dump truck with a payload capacity of 363 tons. Measuring 16m long and 7.6m high, the DE400 can transport a variety of materials from soil and coal to rock. At maximum lifting load, it takes just 24 seconds to reach the maximum limit. This dump truck has a maximum speed of 50 km per hour when fully loaded. It uses two 20-cylinder Tier-2 MTU 4000 Series diesel engines with a total output of 3,650 hp. The latest version of China's largest dump truck already uses an electric drive developed by XCMG itself, making it the world's largest dump truck to use an electric drive instead of a conventional mechanical drive.
Hitachi EH5000AC-3
The Japanese corporation, familiar to many electronics enthusiasts, boasts a wide list of divisions that produce almost anything your heart desires - from medical drugs to road construction equipment, ships and trains.
Currently, the company's range of models consists of five mining dump trucks, the largest of which is the 326-ton Hitachi EH5000AC-3. The car uses a 16-cylinder internal combustion engine as a driving force, paired with electric motors capable of accelerating it to a speed of 90 kilometers per hour. The length of the model is 15.5 meters, width – 8.6 meters, height – 7.4 meters.
BelAZ 75601
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In 2010, during the celebration of the 50th anniversary of the BelAZ Design and Experimental Department, a new and heaviest (at that time) in the line of dump trucks was demonstrated - BelAZ-75601 with a carrying capacity of 360 tons. The dump truck is designed as a vehicle of a higher technical level and load class using basic elements of the BelAZ-75600 model (the former “heaviest” truck with a carrying capacity of 320 tons) and spare parts from the world’s leading manufacturers. It is equipped with an MTU 20V4000 diesel engine producing 3,750 hp. (2800 kW) with new electronic control and diagnostic systems, Siemens transmission, 59/80 R63 tires with a diameter of 4 m, a new cabin with improved comfort and improved visibility with information. LCD on the dashboard, improved upholstery and insulation materials, etc.
Classification of dump trucks for the mining industry
The scope of use of mining dump trucks is quite wide and the class of equipment used depends on it. Vehicles used in the mining industry are classified according to technical characteristics and scope of application. First of all, they differ in the scope of application - underground and aboveground. Operating underground dump trucks in a quarry is problematic and ineffective, while operating underground dump trucks underground is impossible due to their size.
According to the type of work performed and load capacity, dump trucks are classified as follows:
- Road trucks up to 40 tons permissible load. With the number of axles from 2 to 4. Used in road and municipal construction, for delivering rock directly from the quarry.
- Mining dump trucks that are used directly for mining. Their maximum payload ranges from 100 to 450 tons.
- Underground equipment with a load of 90 tons or more for work when laying mines or tunnels.
In the mining industry, open-pit mines use not only standard vehicles with front steered wheels, but also articulated dump trucks. They are used in quarries with difficult terrain and allow transporting up to 60 tons of cargo.
Classification is assumed not only by the maximum permissible weight for transportation, but also by the method of unloading:
- Inclined unloading is carried out according to the principle of raising the body using a hydraulic telescopic lift. For vehicles with increased carrying capacity, the hydraulics are supplemented by an electric motor.
- Forced unloading is performed using augers.
An addition to this classification is the direction of unloading:
- Bilateral is carried out on the left or right side of the dump truck.
- Side unloading is carried out in one direction only, often to the left, for better control by the driver.
- Rear unloading is carried out in the usual way for trucks, backwards.
There is also a classification of dump truck by body type. Mining dump truck bodies are produced in the form of stable or sliding platforms, bunkers, sliding bunkers. For sliding versions, unloading is carried out by lifting, for stable bodies - forced unloading.
Caterpillar 797F
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What does it take to increase profits? Increased productivity with best-in-class payload? Superior braking? Or a rigid, durable frame that delivers performance and longevity in all conditions? Manufacturer Caterpillar decided that with the 797F, customers would get all that—and more. The 797F is the most productive 400-ton truck on the market today. It's fast, fuel-efficient and delivers best-in-class performance, making it the industry benchmark at a lower price.
History of origin
The Euclid Trac model is considered the first large-tonnage truck. This car was released in 1930 by the American company Euclid, whose founders were the Armington brothers. The car was a response to the rapidly developing industrial construction of that era.
It is worth noting that the carrying capacity of quarry equipment from the middle of the last century is strikingly different from modern machines. The Euclid Trac dump truck had the ability to transport up to 8 tons. This will surprise few people now, but at that time it was an achievement.
The design of the truck was also not ordinary - the body had a bucket shape, and the chassis was equipped with wheels of different sizes: the rear ones were wider and larger than the front ones.
Just 2 years later, the company increased the lifting capacity of the machines to 14 tons, releasing an updated model. And in 1955, a 670-horsepower truck with the ability to transport 45 tons of cargo rolled off the assembly line.
The Soviet automobile industry proposed the BelAZ-548A in 1967 with a payload capacity of 40 tons. But just 10 years later, Belarusian specialists presented the world with a mining dump truck capable of transporting up to 110 tons. As of 2022, the largest in the world is the BelAZ 75710 with a payload of 450 tons.
Liebherr T 282C and Liebherr 284
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The Liebherr T 282C and Liebherr T 284 are two high-performance tipper trucks with a lifting capacity of 400 tons, designed and manufactured by Liebherr. The trucks successfully compete with Caterpillar 797F and Terex MT 6300AC mining dump trucks. The T 282C from Liebherr is the successor to the T 282B dump truck with a lifting capacity of 360 tons. The T 284, the latest truck class from Liebherr, has many features similar to the T 282C. The gross weight of the T 282S and T 284 is the same, 661 tons. The total length of the trucks is 15.69 meters. The overall width and loading height are 9.679m and 7.42m respectively. The cars are equipped with a 20-cylinder diesel engine with a total power of up to 3,750 hp. The vehicles use a Liebherr IGBT AC electric drive system. The maximum speed of the vehicles is 64 km/h.
Design features
The main place where dump trucks are used is open-pit mining. The vehicle is required to transport cargo over rough terrain under conditions of descent and ascent. This cannot be done without the use of special engineering innovations.
The huge power unit is available in a hybrid version. A powerful diesel engine is started using a generator that acts as a starter. The alternator powers the electric motors for the brake, steering and wheel drive systems.
The braking system is hydraulic, reinforced by an electric motor for braking during descent. Also, a hybrid hydraulic and electric motor system is used for the body lifting system. These paired systems ensure safety during transportation and maneuvering.
Another design feature of this technique is the balancing system. Due to its large dimensions, the mining tractor often fell on its side when transporting stones or solid rock. Changes in the body design helped eliminate this problem: engineers no longer use a bucket shape. The body now has a sharp, deep angle just behind the front wall. This shape allows most of the cargo to be shifted closer to the rear axle and deep down. The low position of the load reduces the height of the center of gravity.
It became possible to use a network of electric motors for auxiliary operation of all chassis and lifting parts of the dump truck due to its own AC power plant. The hydraulic system with electric drive made the vehicle extremely controllable when driving at low speeds, as well as safe when transporting monolithic rock over rough terrain.
"KAMAZ": a mining dump truck with an ancient Greek name
The Russian automobile concern KAMAZ announced a model with the promising name “Hercules” back in April, and already at the beginning of summer showed it to its subscribers on Instagram.
Interestingly, information about the special vehicle was kept secret for a long time. It was assumed that this would be a whole line of dump trucks with different payload capacities (from 30 to 220 tons) and different wheel formulas.
At the beginning of July, the KAMAZ press service announced the readiness of a version with a payload capacity of 40 tons. According to the designers, the model belongs to the category of serial hybrids, that is, it is an autonomous electric vehicle that does not require recharging from an external network. Going down into the quarry, “Hercules” accumulates energy, and when going up, it consumes it, reducing the amount of fuel consumed by 15% compared to a diesel engine.
Another important detail: KAMAZ-Hercules can work in a quarry without a driver, in unmanned mode. If there is still a driver, he can control the car “the old fashioned way,” from the cab, or remotely. In order to make this process as convenient as possible, the car was equipped with an impressive number of auxiliary equipment - all kinds of cameras, radars and sensors.
In September, “Hercules” was demonstrated “live” for the first time, this happened at the annual Comtrans exhibition. And six months earlier, at the international exhibition of equipment for the mining and manufacturing industries MiningWorld Russia-2021, the company showed the KAMAZ-65807 mining dump truck, which has a load capacity of 60 tons, while the total curb weight is 95 tons.
