Classification and types of plows for basic tillage

The tool for plowing the soil is the plow. The purpose of the equipment is to deeply loosen the soil, which provides the basis for preparation for sowing crops and the further process of cultivating them. This land-cultivating device is characterized by working with the highest energy consumption among all other types of loosening devices (harrows, cultivators) as part of units.

High-performance trailed reversible arable unit

Plow classification

Most plows are currently designed to be operated on a tractor or walk-behind tractor. There are various classification features of such a device. This includes the design of the bodies, the purpose, the type of traction, the method of aggregation, the number of plow bodies, and the plowing technology.

According to the first classification criterion, plows are distinguished:

• ploughshares (most common);
• disc (for reforestation and plowing of heavy floating soils);
• chisel (subsoilers without formation turnover);
• rotational (the working bodies perform reciprocating movements and are considered promising for further use);
• combined (working bodies of different types of plows are present).

We will consider the following divisions of this agricultural implement in relation to plowshare plows.

According to the second classification criterion, plowshare plows are divided into general-purpose and special-purpose devices (garden, shrub-marsh, etc.).

Based on the type of traction, they are divided into rope traction, horse-drawn and tractor-drawn implements.

Plows can be mounted to a tractor in a trailed, mounted or semi-mounted manner.

Depending on the number of plow bodies, they can be from one- to three-body, as well as multi-body.

Plows also differ in plowing technology. In regions where small-sized fields predominate, they mainly use units for smooth plowing with multi-sided bodies switched on alternately. In the same classification unit, plows for dump plowing are distinguished.

PSK 4

The unique design of the presented plow allows it to be used in 4-5-6 body versions. The structural elements of the device include a welded frame, a rectangular pipe obtained by welding. The frame has a triangular shape, which is based on 2 longitudinal and one transverse beam. What a potato hiller looks like on a T 25 tractor is shown here.

For technical characteristics of the PSK 4 plow, watch this video:

The front and rear leveling beams are bolted to the main beam. The case is presented in the form of a rack. A welded type shoe is fixed to it. A blade and knives are being installed on it. The last element can be right-sided, left-sided and vertical. There is a spacer bar between the jay and the wing of the oval. MTZ 82 tractor technical specifications and other data are indicated in the article.

Tractor plows

Plows for tractors include such as PLN-4-35, 3-35, 5-35, 6-35, which differ in the number of bodies and the traction class of the tractors being mounted. The first number shows the number of bodies, the second – the working width in cm. They are used for plowing non-stony soils with a resistivity of up to 9 N/cm2. Maximum plowing depth 30 cm.

Semi-mounted plows include the PL-5-40 brand. They have a mechanism for changing the working width. PL-5-40 can be used for plowing to a depth of up to 30 cm, and can be used for non-moldboard cultivation to a depth of up to 40 cm. It is aggregated with tractors of traction class 3, 4.

Planting plows include, for example, PPN-40, which has one body, a working width of 40 cm, a working depth of up to 45 cm, and is aggregated with DT-75MV. Its speed is limited to 3-4 km/h.

Of the new plows, you can use MOSH disc models of ADP brands from 2 to 6 (ADP2, ADP3... ADP6). The number shows the number of buildings. The discs rotate without hitting obstacles. It is hinged. Depending on the number of disks, it can be used for aggregation with various tractors.

Examples of chisel plows are SVAROG 2.5, which can be coupled with tractors with low power (up to 150 hp), the most common on farms. Processing depth up to 45 cm.

This also includes plows PChP-4.5, PCh-6. The more bodies, the more powerful the tractor is required; for PChP-4.5 a power of 300 hp is required. s., and for IF-6 up to 480 hp. With. The numbers in the name indicate the working width in meters.

The movement speeds of mounted plowshare plows for tractors generally range from 7-9 km/h.

PSK 5

This plow belongs to the group of five-furrow devices. It is also used to prepare the soil before sowing. Soil cultivation can be carried out to a depth of 16-35 cm. You can find out the price of a Polesie forage harvester here.

The plow can be installed on the following tractor brands: T-150K, T-150, MTZ-1523, DT-175. Also, work can occur with some foreign-made models. The productivity of this device reaches 18-24 hectares, while fuel is consumed in the amount of 6-7 l/ha. After removing the blade, it is allowed to be used as a ripper.

Plows used with walk-behind tractors

Plows for walk-behind tractors are divided into two groups:

• negotiable, which you can make yourself;
• rotary, allowing you to process the soil by pouring earth from the side of the trench.

In the reversible model, you can replace or sharpen the knife. The plow should not have a shortened blade, thin stand, low-quality steel or thin body sheet.

In addition, double-sided plows are used for the walk-behind tractor - these are essentially hillers, but with their help you can cultivate the soil, cut furrows, and fill them up when the walk-behind tractor is moving in reverse.

Such plows with a constant working width work on light walk-behind tractors (up to 30 kg and 3.5 hp). Variable working width requires more powerful walk-behind tractors.

In addition, the Zykov plow can be used on the walk-behind tractor, which allows you to destroy weeds almost completely. When working with a walk-behind tractor, for better plowing quality, you need to use lugs. They must have sufficient mass.

Manufacturer with name

The SUR plant , which is based in the city of Engels, has been working for every farmer in Russia for a long time, creating more and more new types of products.

The company produces various equipment not only in the field of agriculture, but also in industry in general, so the choice of goods is quite large.

The quality of the products here is excellent, which confirms its great popularity. This domestic manufacturer produces plows at Russian prices, so this equipment is available to almost every farmer. The company relies on high-tech and cost-effectiveness.

In addition, you can always repair equipment from SUR at one of the service centers, because there are many of them throughout the country.

Features of plowing

Since a plow is an agricultural machine, it must be used in accordance with its purpose and depending on what equipment it is combined with.

So, when plowing dry soil, rollers are attached to tractor plows, and harrows are attached to wet soil. Late autumn processing is carried out without these tools. Energy-rich tractors are used for high-speed plowing.

If the field has a lot of plant residues or is clogged with perennial weeds, then devices with semi-screw bodies are used.

When plowing with a walk-behind tractor, you need to change the direction of movement every year; it is better to plow along the long side of the plot. The low speed of this device will not allow the plow to be molded for a walk-behind tractor. High speed will make plowing difficult.

If the soil density is high, it needs to be plowed in two passes:

• first approach to shallower depth;
• the second to the big one.

Advantages

The PSK plow has a number of advantages, which is why it is in great demand among farmers. Let's consider the main ones:

• doubled number of cutting edges, which allows better work with any type of soil;
• high fuel economy: according to estimates, for 1 hectare of processing you save about 9 liters of fuel;
• high efficiency of use, on average, half more than that of analogues;
• the presence of a screw blade, which allows you not only to cut and loosen the soil, but also to turn it over;
• the equipment is characterized by the highest strength due to the use of additional stiffening ribs;
• versatility in terms of working with traction equipment: as a rule, they are attached to MTZ-80, 82, 1025 and their analogues, foreign equipment;
• all models have a large processing width for this technique, which can significantly increase the productivity and speed of working with the ground;
• To ensure that the working part of the plow lasts as long as possible, you can find a special solder on it.

These advantages are present in absolutely the entire PSK model range, so absolutely any product from this manufacturer will be an excellent assistant in agriculture.

Reviews

• Evgeniy: “I live in a village, and I have a fairly large area of ​​land. I grow both grain and industrial crops on it. Before sowing, I always cultivate the soil, and the plows help me with this. Since the work is carried out together with a tractor, my choice fell on a rotary type device. Such a plow, although it costs a lot, is capable of cultivating the soil even if it is clogged with stones.”
• Veronica: “My garden is quite large, so it’s quite difficult for me to process it manually. My husband and I decided to buy a plow. Our choice fell on the smallest P-3-35. It is very easy to use, not heavy, and has a compact size. In addition to the fact that it copes with its duties perfectly, we found a place to store it in the barn. The only thing we weren’t happy with was the lack of weeds and the area being treated.”
• Andrey: “I cultivate my plot of land at the dacha using a PSK-4 plow. This arrangement of the village can be called unique. It copes with the task perfectly even in an area where there are stones. In addition, fuel consumption is low, therefore, it is very economical in terms of operation.”

Rules of operation and storage

In order to use plows correctly, as well as for long-term operation, you should adhere to the following rules:

• Always securely attach the plow to the equipment. Use adapters that are certified by your manufacturer, otherwise the equipment may not be secured securely;
• use only on cleared soil;
• always wash the plow after work, this is recommended so that there are no harmful effects on the metal and it lasts as long as possible without corrosion and other problems;
• store the plow in a place where there is a roof to protect it from rain, always ensure that the product is painted;
• While working, make sure that no animal gets under the plow.

As for operation, there is nothing complicated here: it is enough to connect the plow to equipment with the recommended power, and then drive at a speed of up to 10 km per hour, simultaneously loosening the soil. As you can see, there is nothing complicated.

PSK plows will become excellent helpers in agriculture, because with their help you will not spend a lot of fuel and time on your plot. It is easy to work with such equipment, so every farmer can do it. Choose PSK plows so that working with the soil will no longer be long and tedious!

High-speed plow for tractor PSK 3

This mounted plow belongs to the group of high-speed combined devices. It is used for plowing soil for sowing grain and industrial crops. The depth of processing reaches 16-35 cm. All work must take place under the condition that the soil humidity is 30% and its hardness is up to 4 MPa. You can learn about what a garden backpack gasoline sprayer looks like from this article.

The plow's productivity will be 8-12 hectares per hour. At the same time, it is possible to minimize fuel consumption. To process the specified area it will take 5-8 liters. You can find out what the Farmer mini grain harvester looks like from the article.

After dismantling the blade, it is allowed to use it as a loosening plow. It will be needed for no-moldboard plowing. The presence of an extended stand will prevent clogging with processing residues.

Preliminary adjustments of the plow - points that must be taken into account when working

Preliminary adjustments must be made before the tractor leaves the field, observing the following sequence of actions:

• Place spacers under the support wheel on the plow and the left tractor wheels (their height is equal to the plowing depth, with a difference of about 2-5 cm) and lower the plow down so that the plowshares touch the surface;
• By means of a screw mechanism on the support wheel, it is slightly lowered down until it comes into contact with the gasket;
• The plow is leveled along the transverse plane by means of a right brace mounted on a tractor hitch, and along its longitudinal plane - due to a central type of traction. The main requirement is that the frame must be parallel to the base along both planes;
• The hitch braces are adjusted in accordance with the front holes in the longitudinal links, while the upper link is attached to the automatic clutch frame exclusively through the hole. Connection through a groove is unacceptable, as this causes some problems and unstable movement of the plow when moving at depth;
• Restrictive type chains installed on the hinge are adjusted by rotating the screw ties until they slightly sag. This makes it possible to achieve a small swing of the plow in the transport position - about 20 mm, no more;
• Install the left brace on the hinged kit so that the gap between the hinge axles is 515 mm. During operation, it is not permissible to change the length of the left brace; this value must be fixed.

Description of the design and operating principle of PSK series plows

• Full photo

Description of the design and operating principle of PSK series plows

Mounted plows of the PSK series (high-speed combined plow) exist in two types - PSK and PSKu . They belong to the class of binary-share plows, designed for moldboard plowing for grain and industrial crops, to a depth of 15-35 cm, but they differ in the design of the working parts. The high productivity of plows of the PSK (PSKu) series is achieved due to the fact that instead of a field board, which is needed to hold the plow in the furrow and which takes on pressure proportional to the soil pressure on the plowshare and moldboard, a countershare was installed. The friction-sliding resistance of the field board against the edge of the furrow reaches 30% or more of the traction resistance of the entire working body. When installing a countershare, the traction force on the plow was reduced by 40%. This, in turn, made it possible to increase the grip width to 60 cm per working element. Thus, with almost the same traction load on the tractor, it pulls the plow with a larger working width. This results in fewer passes and turns. Design features The design differences are as follows. PSK plows have an elongated vertical share that runs 10 cm below the horizontal shares. This allows, during normal plowing, to additionally chisel the soil and break the plow sole. That is, in one pass the plow performs two operations - plowing and chiselling. Recommended for use on soils prone to rapid formation of plow soles. In addition, PSK plows have proven themselves well in areas with low precipitation levels. By creating a stepped shape of the furrow bottom, conditions are created that allow more moisture to accumulate. This is especially true in areas with slopes. The created terrace does not allow water to roll down, which leads to its accumulation. PSK plows have a longer blade than PSKu, which allows for a full rotation of the formation even with a large presence of crop residues. The traction resistance of PSK plows is slightly higher than that of PSKu plows. PSKu plows (high-speed combined universal plow) are a new scientific development, the main task of which was to minimize the traction resistance of the plow while maintaining the quality of agricultural work. This was completely successful. The versatility of the PSKu plow lies in the fact that it can be used in three versions - for moldboard plowing, moldless plowing and as a chisel subsoiler. PSKu plows are recommended for use on all types of soils that are not clogged with stones, flagstones and other obstacles. To work on soils clogged with stones and flagstones, the line of plows includes PSKu plows with stone protection.

A new working body has been developed for PSKu series plows! The dry periods of recent years have prompted the development of a new working element for plows of the PSKu series. In the new organ there is no vertical knife, and its work is performed by a reinforced right knife with a replaceable overhead chisel. This configuration made it possible to significantly improve the penetration of the plow in hard soils. In addition, this allows you to significantly reduce the cost of purchasing replacement knives. This working body is fully adapted from the previous working bodies, however, it allows the use of spare parts from both PSKu and PLN plows. This body can also carry out non-moldboard tillage. To protect the bolted connections, a special plate is provided to prevent abrasion of the bolts when removing the dumps. Key benefits : Increased productivity from 50 to 80%. This allows you to reduce the number of tractors involved or use tractors with a lower traction class; — Reduced fuel consumption from 5 to 9 kg/ha. This, as well as the use of tractors of a smaller traction class, can significantly reduce costs per 1 standard hectare; — Improvement of microbiological processes in the root nutrition zone of plants, thanks to thorough mixing of the soil and incorporation of crop residues to 2/3 of the plowing depth. The top fertile layer of soil with all microorganisms and crop residues is not dumped to the very bottom of the furrow, but ends up approximately in the middle of the arable layer, in the zone of activity of aerobic bacteria. Thus, a fertile layer is preserved in the zone of plant root nutrition, while weed seeds are embedded at a depth that is uncomfortable for their early growth. Therefore, weeds emerge much later than cultivated plants; — Possibility of using one implement for moldboard and non-moldboard plowing, as well as as a chisel-subsoiler; — The tractor does not work along the furrow, but next to it, which eliminates “oil starvation” on the left side of the tractor transmission, and also reduces operator fatigue; — Extended plow legs, moldboards of a new geometric shape, completely eliminated the possibility of clogging with crop residues, and also improved their embedding even at low speed; — Thanks to good crumbling of the soil, the costs of subsequent processing to level the field are reduced; — The collapse furrow is practically not visible (a small groove remains; in the PLN it is a solid trench), and the collapse furrow is much smaller than in the PLN. This allows you to maintain the topography of the field; — The plow “self-centers” well, the tractor does not pull into the furrow; — The resource of ploughshares is up to 800 hectares, dumps up to 2000 hectares. The plowshares are made of steel St 65G, hardened by high-frequency currents; — The main working beam of the plow frame is made of an I-beam and has longitudinal stiffeners, which ensures special strength of the plow. PSK (PSKu) plows are produced in 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 and 9 body versions, which allows them to be used with the main domestic and imported tractors. Principle of operation When the 1st body passes, the right side (when viewed from behind) works like a regular plow, cuts the soil with a ploughshare and throws it to the right with a moldboard, and the left side undermines the soil and throws it to the left under the 2nd body, which captures the already undermined soil, mixes it with a new portion of soil, cut off by the right plowshare of the 2nd corps, and throws it to the right with a moldboard like a regular plow. The last building prepares the ground for the next passage under the 1st building and everything repeats.

Plow structure All plows are mounted implements and are mounted on the tractor using a three-point scheme. The plow consists of a frame, working parts and support wheels. The plow frame has a welded structure. The main working beam is made of an I-beam with longitudinal stiffeners. Brackets for fastening the racks of the working parts are welded to the beam. Support wheel mounting brackets and hinge brackets are welded to the frame. The working body consists of a stand, a shoe, a blade, plowshares (knives) right, left and vertical (when viewed from behind). The vertical and left shares (knives) have double-sided sharpening and can be turned 180 0 as they wear. The blade is stamped and has a complex geometric shape.

Various models

PSK 2

The model range of this equipment is quite wide, so we will consider the products in ascending order of model number. PSK 2 has 2 buildings at once, which increases work efficiency. If the dumps of this product are dismantled, it can be used as a ripper for moldless plowing.

The device provides a loosening depth of approximately 30-25 cm, and the width is 120 cm. By the way, the depth is the same on all models, this is due to the unification of the design of this plow. Product productivity is up to a hectare per hour, and fuel consumption ranges from 10 to 18 liters in 60 minutes.

The speed of passage of the section is up to 10 km/h. The weight of this unit is half a ton. To pull such a plow, the tractor must have a power of at least 70 “horses”. This plow is perfect for farmers with medium-sized plots.

The video shows this model in action.

PSK 3

PSK 3 has 3 working surfaces , which increases productivity. This unit can be combined with various KhTZ and MTZ, as well as their foreign analogues. Some types of MTZ tractors will require adapters, which can be purchased at any service center or ordered online.

Typically, when using this plow, the tractor runs next to the furrow. The plowing width with this unit is 180 cm. Productivity is 2 times higher than that of the previous model. Fuel consumption is reduced and ranges from 9 to 15 liters per hour.

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The plow transport speed is similar in all models. The weight is about 800 kg, so the tractor must have a power of 90 hp.

PSKu 3 diagram, dimensions

The design of the agricultural equipment of this product is most clearly visible in the diagrams, where all the main working parts of the equipment are visible. The PSKu-3 drawing demonstrates all the details of the product. As you can see, the design is well thought out , there is nothing superfluous in it. This plow is simple and effective.

In this video - a review of the PSKu-3 plow.

The next model is distinguished by the presence of 4 working elements , which allows for productivity of up to 3 hectares per hour. The plowing width is 240 cm, so even wide areas can be processed with the help of the unit. Fuel consumption is up to 15 liters.

The mass of the PSKu-4 product is more than 800 kg, so the draft equipment must have more than 120 “horses”. In general, the model is quite popular due to its versatility in terms of the size of the treated area and the reliability of the design.

Agricultural implements PSK-5 boasts 5 working elements. So, the productivity of this unit is 3 ha/h. The width of land cultivation is 3 m, which is a solid indicator for agricultural implements. Fuel consumption will be up to 16 liters per hour.

This product weighs almost a ton, so the tractor must be powerful: at least 180 hp. The PSKu 5 Engels plow is suitable for large areas.

Video with detailed information about the PSKu-5 plow.

PSK-6 differs from the previous model only in 6 working elements , plowing width and fuel consumption. The equipment grip is 360 cm, and the flow rate is up to 18 l/h.

But PSK-8 already has more noticeable differences. So, there are 8 working elements at once, which makes loosening the soil better and faster.

The width that you can cover in one plow pass is almost 5 m. This allows you to significantly increase productivity: for example, it is possible to cover 4.5 hectares in 1 hour. This is a really serious indicator for such equipment! Fuel consumption up to 18 liters.

The weight of the PSK-8 is 1800 kg, so to work with such a plow you need to have really powerful equipment: at least 300 “horses”. A New Holland tractor will work well with such a plow.

Making and adjusting a plow on MTZ-82 with your own hands

Farmers are interested in how the plow is adjusted on the MTZ-82. The main function of the Minsk plant Belarus MTZ-82 tractor is to plow the soil in personal plots. An ordinary shovel will not be suitable for efficiently processing several hectares of territory. Therefore, in order to carry out plowing, additional soil-cultivating equipment is attached to the tractor, in particular, an active plow for MTZ. The tractor driver’s task is to control the unit, which turns over layers of earth, cutting to a certain depth.

Final adjustment – ​​adjustment under operating conditions

Well, the adjustment is completed in the field.
After the first two passes, check the width and depth of the treatment. If the first body plows deeper than the rear one, lengthen the central link; otherwise, shorten it slightly. Distortions in the transverse plane are adjusted by adjusting the braces, and the grip width is adjusted by moving the suspension axis to the left or right along the guides. They also pay attention to the correct position of the central link - it should be in a parallel position with respect to the longitudinal axis of the tractor, with the limit chains freely lowered. When turning the plow in the direction of the arable field, move the axis forward along the left bracket, but if it moves to the left, move it back.

After the adjustment is completed, all mechanisms remain unchanged until the completion of work in this area. After moving to a new site, the operations for setting up the unit are repeated.

Afterword

When carrying out work on adjusting the plow, you should be extremely careful, since the slightest mistake can result not only in the loss of precious time, but also in significant financial expenses. Take into account the recommendations outlined above and you are guaranteed high-quality work in the field.

conversion of DT plow for MTZ

Questions can only be asked after registration. Please login or register.

Tell me, can I remake a 4-hull diesel plow for MTZ and is it not heavy for MTZ if one body is removed?

Made for 2 buildings. The front frame was shortened to the very base, the rear was left untouched. True, I also had to move the frame to the right, otherwise the front body would not finish.

Well, that means you can redo it, but there is an opportunity to take it for 15, but for Mtzov’s they ask for 25

There was a 3*40 body moved to 3*35, the hitch was moved, you can see by how much from the holes.

The redistribution itself cut off one body without any problems, it even pulls the MTZ 80, and only modified the hydraulic lifting of the harrow

The redistribution itself cut off one body without any problems, it even pulls the MTZ 80, and only modified the hydraulic lifting of the harrow

A photo would be nice - I have the same question right now. There are two 4-hull ones for DT - but their brackets for the fingers are welded and do not move. But you need it on MTZ-892.

The redistribution itself cut off one body without any problems, it even pulls the MTZ 80, and only modified the hydraulic lifting of the harrow

A photo would be nice - I have the same question right now. There are two 4-hull ones for DT - but their brackets for the fingers are welded and do not move. But you need it on MTZ-892.

I also converted it from a 4-hull one six years ago. I plow on MTZ-82. It plows well. But now I would do it a little differently. If you're interested, I'll take some pictures and a description this week.

Tell me, can I remake a 4-hull diesel plow for MTZ and is it not heavy for MTZ if one body is removed?

I redid two of them, and I think it’s better than the factory MTZ. the frame is more powerful, so MTZ will never bend its tail (if the last body catches on the root). not much heavier and therefore goes into the ground better (faster). for a hitch this is not a lot of weight, I even did it with trailed PUs and it was all good.

the eyes are afraid and the hands are doing

the eyes are afraid and the hands are doing

So I converted my 4-hull to MTZ. For the sizes, I took a factory 3-35 from a neighbor, put it next to it and copied it. You can see from the photo where it was cut off from the old one and welded in a new way. If anyone doesn’t understand, he cut off the first body, not the last. The entire front beam was re-welded with almost no changes and shifted to the right. The brackets are in place. The connecting pins were simply machined to match the diameter of the MTZ. I decided not to trick the middle link with a “triangle” - I just welded it in the middle. I saw something like this, it seems on a Polish plow. The tests were successful. We adjusted the field, and already plowed several vegetable gardens. I plowed without a wheel - using hydropositioning. The ground is very dry right now, the pile is large - well, it polishes the metal well.

I also converted it from a 4-hull one six years ago. I plow on MTZ-82. It plows well. But now I would do it a little differently. If you're interested, I'll take some pictures and a description this week.

Hello everyone. I also want to convert a 4-hull into three. It would be interesting to know the ideas for the conversion

So I converted my 4-hull to MTZ. For the sizes, I took a factory 3-35 from a neighbor, put it next to it and copied it. You can see from the photo where it was cut off from the old one and welded in a new way. If anyone doesn’t understand, he cut off the first body, not the last. The entire front beam was re-welded with almost no changes and shifted to the right. The brackets are in place. The connecting pins were simply machined to match the diameter of the MTZ. I decided not to trick the middle link with a “triangle” - I just welded it in the middle. I saw something like this, it seems on a Polish plow. The tests were successful. We adjusted the field, and already plowed several vegetable gardens. I plowed without a wheel - using hydropositioning. The ground is very dry right now, the pile is large - well, it polishes the metal well.