Characteristics of reversible plows - savings and increased profitability

The reversible plow is designed for cultivating large tracts of arable land with the incorporation of plant residues (turning over the layer) and intensive loosening. The design feature is two rows of plowshares: the right and left blades. Mounted or semi-mounted design, number of bodies from 2 to 12. At the end of the strip, the plow is turned over relative to the longitudinal axis of the frame by a double-acting hydraulic cylinder, and plowing continues in the opposite direction, but the dump is done in one direction. Work gets done faster and with better quality while saving fuel. The plowed field has a flat surface, without dips and ridges. The articulated frame is adjustable to accurately follow the surface profile.

Reversible models

A reversible or reversible plow has a complex design. It consists of two sets of shares, which are located on a horizontal frame in opposition to each other, as in the photo on the right. During operation, some plowshares are lowered into the soil, while the others, in contrast, are on the surface. The blade from the first, after turning the tractor, falls under the second and is leveled. When turning, the plowshares rotate 180 0 under the influence of centrifugal force and it is easier to work with the plow. The farmer saves on gasoline and time, since there is no need to turn the equipment around at the end of the furrow each time. The shuttle plowing method using a revolving device is 1.5 times more cost-effective than the traditional chisel model. Therefore, the high price for negotiable models is justified.

The use of a reversible plow helped solve a number of problems when cultivating the soil:

1. After plowing, the soil has a loose and uniform texture.
2. The fields turn out to be level, without deep furrows, since the soil is always thrown in the same direction.
3. The roots of the weeds fall under the second row of plowshares and are crushed, giving the weeds no chance to grow.
4. After treatment, a crust does not form on the soil, so the soil will not become sour, and moisture easily penetrates to the root system and does not stagnate.
5. After cultivating the land with a reversible plow, you need to do less weeding and loosening the soil.

Low-power and full-fledged tractors are connected to a reversible plow with a canopy using a three-point connection. Equipment can have from 2 to 18 dumps. Equipment for 2–5 bodies is suitable for mini-tractors and tractors. It is mostly mounted. A large number of plowshares are supported by a guide wheel, which is located in the middle of the frame and has dimensions equal to the height of the plow. They are semi-mounted. Multi-body moldboard models are designed for mounting with powerful tractors, more than 200 hp. With.

Rotary devices are used to cultivate large fields, as they are more economical in operation. Mounted plows are suitable for cultivating all types of soil, including clayey and non-black soil.

On the agricultural machinery market, reversible plows are represented by models from Russian and foreign manufacturers. Among the most popular are: Gregoire Besson, Kverneland, Lemken, Kuhn, Gaspardo and PPO.

Kuhn Manager reversible plow

The ability to select the working width and protection system made the Manager model range ideal for working with medium-power tractors, such as KhTZ-17221, Case Magnum 310, MTZ-2022 and others, and under any working conditions. The maneuverability of the reversible plow allows you to work with high productivity even on small plots. You can work with the same tractor as for a mounted plow, but using a larger number of bodies and working width.

Photo of Kuhn Manager reversible plow

The tilt of the reversing mechanism allows you to smoothly rotate the plow in relation to the direction of movement. The load-bearing wheels are located close to the tractor for an optimal turning radius, which guarantees straightness when exiting the furrow and minimal unplowed space at the edge of the field.

Specially designed plow head articulations provide a rotation angle of 110°.

The support frame of the Kuhn Manager reversible plow allows you to significantly reduce the load on the tractor coupling device during reversal of the plow. This technological solution also allows for a lower center of gravity. The rotation of the plow is carried out by 2 linear hydraulic cylinders, directly connected to the moving parts, without a mechanical system. This extremely simple, wear-free technology does not require special maintenance.

The articulated joint allows the plow to follow the undulations of the working area. Due to this, a uniform plowing depth is ensured. Moreover, when leaving the furrow, when the front bodies are deepened, the rear ones still continue processing. This technology allows for better plowing of field edges and reduced unevenness. The system is automatically locked when the furrow exits (the lock is closed during maneuvering and during transportation) and is released when entering the furrow.

After processing, the soil is ready for the use of other mechanized means, for example, precision seeders, etc.

Technical features of the cabinet Kuhn Manager

• Semi-automatic hitch with variable height - the procedure for attaching and uncoupling is simplified;
• An articulated frame with mechanical adjustment of articulation stiffness ensures structural rigidity;
• Patented bolt-on burst fuses reduce damage to struts during actuation;
• The dumps are made of “Triplex” steel using the most unique hydraulic press in Europe under a pressure of 5000 tons;
• The hardness of the dumps is 9000 vickers - the highest in the industry;
• Single or double acting automatic turning cylinder does not require high oil pressure in the tractor hydraulic system to turn;
• Innovative design of the bolt fuse: it is triggered not by shearing, but by rupture - thereby eliminating the deformation of the body, thereby extending its service life;
• Simplicity, efficiency and durability;
• Only Kuhn Manager and Kuhn Challenger plows have a carriage with two support wheels;
• It is possible to add another building.

Technical characteristics of the Kuhn Manager reversible plow

Choosing equipment for your farm

When choosing equipment for your equipment, we recommend paying attention to the main characteristics:

1. The power of the equipment with which the attachments will be aggregated. The more powerful the tractor, the more bodies the plow can have.
2. Safety device. There are models with spring and bolt protection, less often with a cut nut. The last protection is the worst to use.
3. Frame thickness, standard dimensions for tractors are 140 and 180 mm.
4. Plowing depth to which the equipment is adjusted.

8, 5 and 3 case devices are especially popular. 3- and 5-furrow plows are capable of cultivating the soil to a depth of 20 to 27 cm. Since the model is lightweight, it is possible to work with a canopy only in fields not littered with stones. Suitable for mounting with tractors: MTZ-100/102, 80/82, YuMZ-82, T-150. The traction resistance of the models is no more than 12 kN. During operation, the tractor speed can be up to 9 km/h.

The 8-furrow reversible plow has a semi-mounted connection to the tractor. The maximum tillage depth is from 20 to 30 cm. Suitable for tractors with a power of 280 hp. With. The frame has wheels that simplify transportation. A tractor with an 8-furrow plow can move across the field at a speed of up to 9 km/h.

Where is it used?

Like conventional plows, reversible plows are most often used for plowing large areas. In this case, their use makes it possible to increase the profitability of production due to the speed and quality of the work performed. Air, moisture and microelements easily penetrate into well-plowed, level soil when applying fertilizers.

The most popular 3-furrow reversible plow can be used in fields that are not too clogged with thick plant roots and stones. It is advisable to cultivate the soil using such models where the plowing depth should be approximately 20-27 cm.

Plows from (Lemken)

The Lemken company produces mounted and semi-mounted reversible plows. The working width of the models is stepped, which is convenient for the buyer when choosing - from 30 to 50 cm. The presence of housings for equipment is from 1 to 6. The housings are located at a distance of 90–100 cm from each other. The equipment is suitable for agricultural machines with a power of 45 to 250 l. With.

Features of Lemken plows:

1. The presence of a double switching cylinder;
2. The latest Unitron hydraulics;
3. Automatic for vertical mounting of the plow, which simplifies the work. The operator does not need to constantly monitor the angle of the pool;
4. The Lemken models presented below with different frame sections: Europal, VariOpal, Yuvel, VariDiomant);
5. The package includes a special tool box.

The characteristics of various negotiable Lemken are presented in the table:

Equipment advantages

In addition, when using a reversible plow, you can plow to any required depth. The position of its shares is adjusted by changing the height of the support wheel.

The advantages of such equipment as a reversible plow also include the fact that plowing with its use can be done at an accelerated pace. A tractor with this type of working tool can turn 180 degrees easily and without any impacts. This is achieved due to the presence of two telescopic cylinders in the plow design. This equipment is reliably protected from various types of breakdowns. It is completely impossible to damage hydraulic hoses, for example, since they are covered with a special tarpaulin sleeve.

The reversible plow is attached to the tractor itself at three points. This ensures maximum structural rigidity. Therefore, the plow moves very smoothly. In this case, work can be carried out with maximum maneuverability. The advantages of a reversible plow also include:

• convenient adjustment of all components and mechanisms;
• large soil coverage width;
• ease of transportation on regular roads;
• high degree of wear resistance of working mechanisms.

PPO plows

The domestically produced reversible mounted plow PPO is produced at the Chuvash Machine and Tractor Plant, in Moscow, St. Petersburg, and Rostov-on-Don. Analogues are produced in Ukraine and Belarus. Available in 5,6,8 cases. This is a semi-mounted reversible plow, massive and designed for cultivating fields larger than 2 hectares. Compatible with tractors with power from 140 hp. The depth of the cultivated soil is up to 27 cm.

Distinctive features of the domestic model:

1. The frame is made of durable welded steel;
2. Protective spring or semi-bolt system;
3. Modern plowshares that allow you to work on moderately clogged soil.

The technical characteristics of the software can be viewed in the table:

Design features

Reversible mounted plows consist of the following components and mechanisms:

• symmetrical rigid frame;
• a turning device, including a gear sector, a spur gear and a hydraulic cylinder;
• disk housings, in front of each of which there is a blade with a sharp edge;
• a safety device that ensures the working parts deepen when encountering obstacles;
• hydraulics and support wheels.

The working width of this type of plow on each body can be set in four positions - 33, 38, 44, 50 cm. When using 5-9 bodies, thus, the width of the strip plowed at a time can reach 5-9 meters.

How to remake a finished plow?

An already finished plow can always be remade as needed. For example, a simple horse version can be easily changed to a walk-behind tractor. Almost all horse plows are distinguished by their impressive weight due to the presence of a heavy blade. If such an element is installed on a walk-behind tractor without prior modification, the earth simply will not be discarded. To convert a horse plow into a walk-behind plow, work is carried out in a certain sequence.

• They are building a dump. A detailed drawing is prepared in advance for it. Based on the diagram, a blade is cut out of a steel blank. It is advisable to prepare a cardboard template for this.
• The steel is given the required shape.
• They remove the horse moldboard and fix a hand-made part in its place.
• Remove the handles that were on a vertically oriented axis.
• Instead, they are fixed with metal fasteners. Through them the plow is attached to the motorized equipment.

If during the “tests” in the field it suddenly turns out that the device does not tilt the ground very well, then you can carefully bend the ploughshare so that it can cut into the soil more strongly.

Turning

The rotating type of plow is rightfully recognized as one of the most functional and practical. This design is an excellent assistant for plowing land on a site, because it can cover a fairly large area. The plow is also good because you don’t have to waste time with it after each approach. You will only need to turn the plow and move in the opposite direction. The productivity of equipment will increase significantly. The main actions are performed in the same way as in the case of a rotary mechanism, but in this case the cutting elements must be below the skid (at least 2 cm).

Rotary

The manufacturing of the structure can be divided into several main stages.

Prepare a good dump in the shape of a cylinder. This must be done exclusively in accordance with the drawing. The part is made of alloy metal

It is important to follow the drawing when making the structure yourself. They put out the ploughshare. The wedges are inserted into the iron sheet (3 mm) at an angle of 45 degrees. Connect the ploughshare to the shield on the side

Be sure to ensure that the blade of the ploughshare is located just below the shield itself (1 cm, no more). Attach the blade to the ploughshare. The working half with the ploughshare is welded to the metal tube, which serves as the base, using a welding machine. On the opposite side - fasteners for motorcycles. When the plow is ready, you can weld an axle with wheels in its lower half.

Disk

It is possible to assemble a disc plow for machinery with your own hands. A similar model is assembled from the following parts:

• disks;
• fist;
• axles;
• bracket;
• scraper;
• drive beam;
• pens;
• screeds.

The disks for the device can be taken from an old “seeder”, if you have one in your arsenal. These elements are installed at an angle to increase work productivity. The hiller is hung on the equipment through the coupling bracket. The T-shaped leash from the plow is screwed to it using bolts and a stopper. At impressive speeds, the hiller may begin to slip, so you will have to work exclusively at low speeds or with twin wheels.

How to make a plow for a walk-behind tractor with your own hands from a horse-drawn one?

A horse plow, compared to other types of attachments, can be made entirely of wood. The only metal element can be the ploughshare.

Step-by-step instructions for making your own horse plow for plowing the land are given below:

1. The handles are made of two wooden beams, the thickness of which is about 10 centimeters. The upper part of the handles is complemented by rubberized pads;
2. The handles are connected at right angles, so it will be more convenient to hold them with both hands;
3. The lower parts of the elements are connected with self-tapping screws;
4. A beam 20 centimeters thick must be bent so that its ends are parallel;
5. The lower end of the beam is attached to the ploughshare;
6. At the upper end, the plow is attached to the walk-behind tractor. For manufacturing, you can use small wooden blocks;
7. A double handle is installed in the middle of the mount.

The structure of a horse plow is very simple, but highly efficient.
It cannot be used when processing wet soil, so as not to break the wooden parts. The method of making a plow for a walk-behind tractor can be chosen to suit you. Each homemade canopy can be used with units of the popular brands Neva, MB-1 and MB-2, MTZ, Krot, Salyut.

Installing a plow on a MTZ walk-behind tractor

The MTZ walk-behind tractor is a universal wheeled vehicle that perfectly copes with any work in the field or garden. When installing a plow for an MTZ walk-behind tractor, you need to remember that a wheeled walk-behind tractor can tilt to the side if it is not coupled correctly, thus interfering with work. Therefore, the plow is secured to the walk-behind tractor with special kingpins, and either a universal or standard hitch is used.

If you use this coupling method, you can reduce the resistance of the ground and eliminate the heeling of the equipment. Adjusting the plow on the MTZ walk-behind tractor is necessary to configure such features of working with it as:

• slope of the field board angle;
• depth of plowing;
• dump angle.

Only knowing how to adjust the plow on the MTZ walk-behind tractor, it is possible to obtain high-quality processing of a certain field for planting different types of crops.

Adjusting and setting up a plow for a walk-behind tractor

After the plow is made, you need to configure it. But before that, you need to configure the walk-behind tractor. After the walk-behind tractor has been taken out to the field, the wheels with rubber tires must be removed and replaced with wheels that are equipped with lugs.

Otherwise, during plowing, the walk-behind tractor with a reversible plow will begin to slip due to soil resistance. Then the plow for the walk-behind tractor is attached to the attachment. To adjust the device, the nuts on the mount are not fully tightened. Then, using two metal pins, we fix the unit with the motoblock mounting bracket. The quality of plowing directly depends on the most correct setting.

Basic steps for adjusting the plow

To carry out balancing, the walk-behind tractor is installed with its wheels on specially prepared stands. The depth of plowing depends on the height of these stands. For winter tillage, the height of the stands is 20-25 cm, for spring tillage - approximately 15-20 cm.

Using the adjusting bolts, you need to set the angle of the plow. We make sure that the “heel” of the plow remains parallel to the ground surface. After securing the plow, the walk-behind tractor is placed on the ground. The control handles are adjusted to the height of the plowman's lower back. At the last stage, we evaluate the correctness of the plow settings using an experimental method.

We plow two or three furrows and determine the cutting depth, the distance between the ridges and the quality of the soil dump. If the distance between the furrows is more than 10 cm, or they overlap, then repeat the adjustment.