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The universal chopper Farmer "Optimus" is used for chopping vegetables and root vegetables, both hard and soft, all types of grains, hay, straw, grass, and even branches with a diameter of up to 1 cm.
The universal chopper Farmer "Optimus" is useful for small farms, where, unlike large farms, it is not profitable and there is no need to have a separate chopper for grain, separately for hay and grass, etc. Now quickly prepare a feed mixture for a couple of calves, several dozen birds and several pigs you can do in 10-15 minutes.
And all in one feed chopper. Simple, safe and without any effort for additional homemade products to help - everything is available.
Grain crusher Farmer
Agricultural equipment of the “Farmer” brand is produced by Chelyabinsk, providing consumers with the Russian quality of an all-metal mechanism and reasonable prices available to small farmers and homestead owners.
Purpose
These devices are specially designed for home preparation and preparation of feed from dry grain obtained by threshing different types of crops:
- Cereals with variations in grain size (spikelets, corn, etc.);
- With varying degrees of product hardness;
- Seeds of oilseed plants.
This diversity became possible thanks to the use of a special method of crushing the product - the method of chipping and cutting, as well as the comparative height of the power capacity installed in the units.
Design features
“Farmer” grain crushing units are distinguished by their compact size and the operation of the electric motor from the voltage of a regular household network, which makes their use very convenient and allows you to quickly prepare fresh feed mixtures right before their immediate use. It is also important that the manufacturer offers devices of different sizes and capacities (productivity from 100 to 400 kg/h), with a corresponding change in cost, which makes it possible to choose a crusher for the needs of any farm.
Regardless of the power and size differences, Farmer grain crushers have common design features.
Diagram of the Farmer grain crushers using the IZ-05 model as an example. The structure of the Farmer grain crushers assumes the presence of the following components and parts:
- Structure base (3);
- Electric motor (4);
- Motor protection cover (2);
- Grain bin into which grain is poured (1);
- Working knives mounted directly on the electric motor shaft (5);
- Reflector at the bottom of the working chamber (14);
- Side sieve (13);
- Power cord (11).
When the device is operating, knives moving quickly and rotating around the motor shaft grind the grain, which is then poured through a side sieve into a prepared container, as if from a meat grinder.
ABOUT
Although the name "Uralspetsmash" LLC () sounds with a hint of heritage from classic acronyms of state-owned enterprises, the "Farmer" brand is a completely private production of equipment for farming and household plots. It has become one of the largest in Russia and the CIS countries. You can read more about the appearance of the brand in our description of the “Farmer” brand products.
It’s not for nothing that the universal home chopper “Optimus” has such a name ( optimus - translated from Latin - “ the best ”) - since 2022, the model of the chopper has been refined many times based on live comments from buyers and farmers who were given the “Optimus DKU-05” for testing.
After testing it, the editors of the magazine "Agroindustrial Complex Market" awarded the DKU-05 "Optimus" the status of " Best Shredder of 2018".
The lineup
“Farmer” presents a wide range of grain crushers of the “IZ” series (grain grinders) for consumer choice, having different productivity and initial bin sizes for grinding grain products.
The “Farmer M-1” grain crusher is a device with high productivity, which is achieved due to the presence of rotary knives in the device. The unit is used in small subsidiary farms.
Technical characteristics of the grain crusher Farmer M 1:
| Characteristics | Indicators | Unit measurements |
| Dimensions: | ||
| - length | mm | 420 |
| - width | mm | 335 |
| - height | mm | 580 |
| Mains voltage | IN | 220 |
| Weight | kg | 15 |
| Power | kW | 2,2 |
| Number of revolutions | rpm | 3000 |
IZ-05m
The grain grinder “Farmer IZ-05M” is a compact device convenient for regular household use. In operation it has increased safety and ease of maintenance (control). It is equipped with a single-phase power unit of significant power - 800 W, which makes it possible to process up to 170 kg of grain per hour through a grain crusher.
For full operation, “IZ-05M” is installed in the upper part of an empty barrel, which will serve as a storage unit for the finished feed.
Technical characteristics of grain crusher IZ-05:
| Characteristics | Unit measurements | Indicators |
| total weight | kg | 8 |
| Dimensions | ||
| - width | mm | 290 |
| - length | mm | 390 |
| - height | mm | 335 |
| Power consumption 'tyhubb | Dn | 1300 |
| Network input voltage | IN | 220 |
| Power frequency | Hz | 50 |
| Productivity, max. | kg/h | 170 |
| Hopper volume | l | 5 |
Photo of grain crusher Farmer IZ-5
IZ-14 and IZ-14m
Farmer IZ-14 and IZ-14M (“Farmer 3”) have high power and the ability to load large quantities of grain into a capacious bunker with a volume of 14 dm3. This is more than enough for a household, and to install such a grain crusher it is enough to use a 12-liter bucket. The difference between these 2 models is the size of power consumption and the mass of hourly processing.
| Characteristics | Unit measurements | IZ-14 | IZ-14m |
| total weight | kg | 7,2 | 7,2 |
| Dimensions | |||
| - width | mm | 260 | 260 |
| - length | mm | 270 | 270 |
| - height | mm | 530 | 530 |
| Power consumption | W | 1200 | 1750 |
| Network input voltage | IN | 220 | 220 |
| Power frequency | Hz | 50 | 50 |
| Productivity, max. | kg/h | 300 | 320 |
| Hopper volume | l | 14 | 14 |
Photo of grain crusher Farmer IZ-14
The benefit of using this shredder is its low energy consumption. The engine of the device consumes only 500 W of energy, producing processed product at a speed of up to 120 kg/h. The unit is easy to use for personal farming.
Specifications:
| Characteristics | Unit measurements | Indicators |
| total weight | kg | 3,5 |
| Dimensions: | ||
| - width | mm | 250 |
| - length | mm | 380 |
| - height | mm | 225 |
| Power consumption | W | 500 |
| Network input voltage | IN | 220 |
| Power frequency | Hz | 50 |
| Productivity, max. | kg/h | 120 |
| Hopper volume | l | 2 |
Photo of grain crusher IZ-02
IZ-15 and IZ-15m
These models are based on the widely popular IZ-05. Equipping them with more capacious bins made them much more convenient to operate and maintain, while maintaining the simplicity and unpretentiousness of the devices. Between themselves, IZ-15 and IZ-15M differ in the power and speed of processing grain mass.
Specifications:
| Characteristics | Unit measurements | IZ-15 | IZ-15m |
| total weight | kg | 6,8 | 6,8 |
| Dimensions: | |||
| - width | mm | 290 | 290 |
| - length | mm | 390 | 390 |
| - height | mm | 335 | 335 |
| Power consumption | W | 800 | 1300 |
| Network input voltage | IN | 220 | 220 |
| Power frequency | Hz | 50 | 50 |
| Productivity, max. | kg/hour | 170 | 250 |
| Hopper volume | l | 15 | 15 |
IZ-25 and IZ-25m
Grain crushers of the Farmer IZ-25 model provide very high productivity. Thanks to the large bunker, which can hold up to 25 dm3 of agricultural products, they do not require constant operator intervention. A special feature of the model is the presence of an auto-protection system against engine overheating. The difference between the modifications is the power and speed of delivering the final result.
Technical characteristics of grain crushers IZ-25 and IZ-25M:
| Options | Unit measurements | IZ-25 | IZ-25M |
| total weight | kg | 7,5 | 7,5 |
| Dimensions: | |||
| - width | mm | 300 | 300 |
| - length | mm | 315 | 315 |
| - height | mm | 600 | 600 |
| Power consumption | W | 1200 | 1400 |
| Network input voltage | IN | 220 | 220 |
| Power frequency | Hz | 50 | 50 |
| Productivity, max. | kg/h | 350 | 400 |
| Hopper volume | l | 25 | 25 |
Video review of Farmer grain crushers:
Specifications:
| Modification | Optimus |
| Dry grain up to, (kg/hour) | 155 |
| Root vegetables up to, (kg/hour) | 280 |
| Grass up to, (kg/hour) | 54 |
| Hay/straw up to, (kg/hour) | 30 |
| Voltage, (V) | 220 |
| Net power of the electric motor, (W) | 750 |
| Power consumption, (W) | 1200 |
| Overall dimensions, mm) | 780x330x330 |
| Net weight no more, (kg) | 10 |
| Hopper volume (dm3) | 7,7 |
| Electrical safety class | I |
| Warranty period, (months) | 6 |
You can read the instructions for Farmer "Optimus" DKU-05 here:
Possible malfunctions in the operation of crushers and ways to eliminate them
| Problems | Possible causes of problems | Ways to eliminate them |
| Jaw crushers | ||
| Excessive bearing heating | There is no lubrication in the bearings. Excessive amount of lubricant. Lubricant contamination. | Turn on the liquid lubrication system. Adjust the lubricant supply. Replace lubricant. |
| Knock in spacer plates. | Weak tension of the closing device. Wear of the rolling bearing assembly. | Tighten the locking device until the knocking noise is eliminated. Replace worn parts of the rolling bearing assembly. |
| Crushing has stopped and the material falls out uncrushed. | Breakage of safety spacer plates. | Replace fuse plates. |
| The crushing plates “tremble”. | The slabs are loose. | Use a sledgehammer (through a wooden spacer) to push the wedges down to full strength and tighten the nuts of the wedge stop bolts. |
| Knocking in the cracker sockets. | Insufficient spring tension, spring breakage or excessive wear of the cotter. | Adjust the tension springs, replace the spring or block. |
| The size of the output material has increased. | Significant wear of parts of the crushing plates. | Turn the crushing plates 180 degrees. Or adjust the width of the outlet slot. |
| Twin Roll Gear Crushers | ||
| The moving shaft does not return to its original position after moving away. | Shock absorber springs are loose. | Tighten the shock absorber spring. |
| Heating of electric motor bearings. | Lack of lubrication. | Replace lubricant. |
| Hammer crushers | ||
| Strong vibrations on the body. | The rotor is poorly balanced. | Select the blow so that the difference in mass is no more than 30 g. |
| Knock in the crusher. | There is no gap between the fender plates. Unbreakable material hit. | Eliminate the gap. Stop the crusher and clean the crushing chamber. |
| Excessive heating of bearings. | Lack of lubrication, oil contamination. | Add oil, rinse the body, replace the lubricant. |
| The rotation speed drops, the crusher becomes clogged | Uneven supply of material. Belt slipping. | Stop the crusher and clean it. .Adjust the material supply. Tighten the belts. |
| The crushing size has increased. | There was a lot of wear. The outlet slot has been enlarged. | Replace the beater. Adjust the gap. |
| The electric motor turns off. | Crusher overloaded. | Reduce material feed. |
Operation of crushers
Before operating the crusher, it is necessary to check the condition of individual components and parts: serviceability and tension of drive belts, coupling halves, guards, loading and unloading chutes, sieves, beaters, rolls, safety devices, cheek linings, and also check the presence of lubrication and serviceability of oil systems, closure tightness inspection hatches, etc.
Malfunctions must be eliminated before the crusher is put into operation.
During operation of crushers, their maintenance is reduced to ensuring uniform loading of the initial feed, monitoring the granulometric composition of crushed coal, bearing temperature, and lubricant circulation. The size of crushed coal is changed by adjusting the position of the crushing surfaces (cheeks, rolls), which is provided for in the design of all types of crushers.
Uneven loading leads to a decrease in crusher productivity or to overloads, which leads to disruption of the operating mode, stoppage or blockage. for non-crushable (metal to enter its working space . magnetic catchers or means for detecting metal objects are installed in front of the crusher However, due to layout conditions and the type of equipment used, it is not always possible to install means to capture or detect metal objects. In such cases, the attention of the operating personnel is critical. If abnormal knocking or other signs occur, stop the crusher immediately.
It should be remembered that separate safety measures against breakage of crushers are provided in their design. Thus, in jaw crushers, spacer plates are used to protect the structure from destructive forces. At the moment the crusher stops moving, one of them (usually a small one) breaks and the machine continues to idle, at which the movable jaw stops swinging.
Large crushers , as a rule, are equipped with automatic stations for liquid and grease lubrication of bearings and other rubbing parts. An automatic liquid lubrication station consists of an oil settling tank, the main electric motor of the crusher drive, a filter-cooler, oil pumps, control and measuring and starting equipment (temperature relays, pressure gauge, etc.). Electric motors of oil pumps must be interlocked with the main electric motor in such a way that if they suddenly stop, the latter is switched off immediately. When the oil pressure drops below the permissible level, a special relay turns on a siren and a red warning light . If the oil level in the sump drops to the limit (red) line, the main electric motor is switched off; and then the oil pump.
The temperature of the oil at the drain should not exceed 60° C, when leaving the refrigerator - 45° C. The wear of the tires in roller crushers is not allowed to exceed 0.012 m.
When crushing very wet coals or coals with a high content of fines in hammer crushers, you should periodically stop the crushers and clean the grates.
To protect operating personnel from pieces of material thrown out of the crusher, the loading openings must be fenced.
Single-post wooden support and methods for strengthening corner supports: Overhead line supports are structures designed to support wires at the required height above the ground and water.
General conditions for choosing a drainage system: The drainage system is selected depending on the nature of the protected area.
How to make it yourself
1-Grain crusher from an angle grinder 2-Grain crusher from a washing machine
This device can be made independently. You can make a grain crusher using an angle grinder. The base of the structure uses a durable sheet of plywood. It serves to secure the fundamental parts of the device. To secure the grinder you need to use brackets and bolts. As a grain crusher, you can use a metal disc with double sharpening. A mesh is attached to the bottom of the sheet. A plastic bottle can serve as a bunker for cereal crops.
You can make the device using a washing machine. The operating principle is identical to a coffee grinder. It involves grinding the original product using knives built into the drum. The first motor should be mounted on the bottom of the machine tank. In this part, the installation of a mesh and a window designed for the exit of finished products is carried out. The second motor should be installed next to the inlet at the base.
Installing a protective cover will prevent the device from becoming clogged with dust. The motor shafts must be installed at an angle of 25 degrees, which allows them to rotate in different directions. It is important to install a shield gate on the bunker, since the assembled unit is characterized by high productivity. Under the assembled installation, a container is installed into which the ground grain is transported. Experts recommend installing a sleeve on the exit hatch. It will prevent grain from flying in different directions.
Grain crushers “Farmer”, Chelyabinsk
The Farmer grain grinder is actively used at domestic enterprises for grinding grain and oilseed crops. The product is produced at the facilities of a plant located in Chelyabinsk. The model range is represented by products with various technical indicators and performance.
The device is popular due to its compact appearance and minimal weight. In practice, such equipment will last a long time, and most importantly, it is easy to use.
Principle of operation
The principle of operation of the crusher is similar to the operation of a coffee grinder or blender. Grain or other crops to be crushed are poured into the chamber. Then the device turns on and the process of grinding to the required size begins. Grinding occurs due to the rotation of the grinding knives by the engine.
Simple operating rules will extend the life of the product:
- The device connection diagram is provided in the box. Follow this to install the ground wire. This procedure is especially relevant for models with a low level of electrical safety.
- When the hopper is full, do not turn on the engine.
- After a long period of inactivity, the first start should be at idle speed.
- The unit must not be moved during operation.
Do not use wet grain mass for grinding, which can clog the sieve, which will negatively affect the quality of grinding.
Design Features
The manufacturer made all models in the same cone-shaped shape. The case is made of durable metal that will not be damaged. At the top is the receiving part of the structure - the bunker, at the side is the power unit, and at the bottom is the stand.
The knives are located in the working chamber. A steel plate is fixed to the motor shaft. The electric motor for a grain crusher is the main driving element. This design is presented throughout the entire model range, but the technical components still differ.
Machines by drive type
Grain crushers are divided into 3 types based on drive type
Manual
This device is one of the most convenient to use. With its help, the product is crushed to a coarse grind. It will subsequently form the diet of adult animals.
Pneumatic
This machine is capable of processing corn. Such a unit can extremely quickly grind grain into small fractions. They are included in food intended for small pets.
Electric
This device is characterized by increased productivity. It is distinguished by its simplicity of design. It does not have large dimensions, so it is often purchased for work on farms.
Review of popular grain grinder models
IZ 05 M includes a replaceable mesh with a hole diameter of 5 mm. If a different grind size is required, it is recommended to purchase a different mesh. The power plant of the model is a single-phase electric motor with a power of 800 W.
Farmer IZ14 is suitable for long-term work. The engine power is 1.3 kW, which allows you to process up to 300 kilograms per hour. In this case, the grain can be of any hardness. A unit with a higher energy saving class. The model is supplied with a sieve, an additional cutting element and an o-ring.
IZ 25 M refers to professional units. It is important to purchase such a crusher for a large farm. With a power of 1.4 kW, the device processes 400 kg/hour, this is a very impressive result. It was possible to achieve such parameters through the use of a commutator-type engine.
Farmer 2 is a model designed for home use. His work will be able to provide feed for 20 laying hens or several heads of livestock. The equipment is not large - there is only a replaceable sieve. It’s bad that there is no overvoltage protection; it should be turned on through a special filter.
Farmer 4 is the most advanced model. The process of processing grain or any other crop takes place in two stages. After the first grinding, the grain is dispersed. The raw materials are divided into fractions: one is sent for re-grinding, the second for control sifting. The electrical connection diagram is specified in the instructions, but it is still better to entrust such work to specialists.
Farmer IZ 15 is distinguished by its large dimensions and spacious bunker. The IZ 05 M model was taken as the basis. Despite the same engine, the product processes a smaller volume of grain. After studying the video review for each model, users will be able to choose the right model for their business.
Characteristics
Technical characteristics allow you to choose a suitable device for specific needs:
| Characteristics | FROM 05 M | IZ -14 | FROM 25 M | Farmer 2 | FROM 15 M |
| Weight | 8 kg | 7.2 kg | 7.5 kg | 3.5 kg | 6.8 kg |
| Parameters length/width/height | 390/290/335 | 270/260/530 | 315/300/600 mm | 380/250/225 | 390/290/335 |
| Productivity | 250 kg/hour | 300 kg/hour | 400 kg/hour | 120 kg per hour | 170 kg/hour |
A model is selected taking into account the volume of work to be done. Why overpay for the most powerful unit if Farmer 2 is also suitable for home use. But for owners of large agriculture, the KR 01 feed chopper is suitable.
The presented models are characterized by high performance. Practicality and convenience are attractive when choosing this brand. The absence of complex components and necessary elements at hand allows you to carry out repairs on your own and eliminate faults in a matter of hours. Spare parts are provided by the manufacturer. The purchase of additional sieves allows you to use the unit for all types of cereal plants. The compactness of the Farmer grain crusher allows for its storage and transportation. Despite the lack of a bunker for the final product, the product is popular.
Criterias of choice
The main criterion when choosing is a reference point that determines the grinding coarseness, which depends on productivity. It is necessary to consider which grain crop will be the main one. You need to know that plastic materials are processed by grinding.
Grinding mechanisms can be jaw, cone, roller, or rotary. The jaw mechanism is based on two plates: movable and fixed. Grain crops are ground like a mill, so it is recommended to use them for plastic ones. The cone involves cones. Rollers are used for large grains. The most common option is rotary, which grind any grains along with hay to a homogeneous mass. In this regard, when purchasing a unit, you should decide for what purpose it will be used. The power indicator depends on the required volumes of processed products.
Farmer crusher 2 faults
1. Purpose of the work.
The purpose of this work is to expand and deepen theoretical knowledge on the design, operation and repair of technological equipment.
2. Objectives of the work
. The purpose of this work is to become more familiar with the design features of crushers and shredders. Consideration of possible problems that arise during the operation of this type of equipment, familiarization with the features of operation and repair of crushers and shredders. In addition, the task of this work also includes the development of safety requirements when working on this type of equipment.
3. General information about crushers and shredders
. Currently, crushers and shredders used in the food and wine industry are represented by the most typical brands, such as: KDP-4M knife crusher and VDR-5 disk crusher.
It should be noted that the most common in fruit and berry winemaking are single-drum knife crushers of the KDP-ZM, KDP-4M and KDV brands.
A diagram of the device, for example, of a single-drum knife crusher KDP-4M is shown
Rice. 5.1. Design diagram of a single-drum knife crusher KDP - 4M; (a) General view; (b) Drum assembly.
The KDP-4M crusher is a drum - 2, cast from bronze or made of corrosion-resistant steel and mounted on a horizontal shaft - 3 in a housing - 1. The shaft is installed in two ball bearings inserted into cast iron housings - 15. In the drum - 2 there are eight milled slots in which eight comb knives are fixed - 4 5 mm thick. Four clamping pads are installed along the drum on the drive side - 6 made of corrosion-resistant steel with spring shock absorbers - 7. The gap between the drum knives and the clamping pads can vary from 0.5 to 20 mm. After installing the clamping pads, their position is fixed with nuts and locknuts - 8.
An electric motor – 10, installed inside a hollow cast-iron frame – 9, rotates a shaft – 3 using a V-belt drive – 17, enclosed inside a protective casing – 16. The electric motor is installed on a plate – 12, the position of which can be changed by adjusting the tension of the belts. Access to the engines is possible through hatches in the frame, closed by shields - 11 and 14. The product enters the hopper - 5 and is discharged in crushed form along the tray - 13. The hopper can be installed in several positions.
In turn, currently used disk shredders have the design shown in Fig. 5.2.
Rice. 5.2. Design diagram of the VDR-5 disc chopper.
Disc shredders of the VDR-5 type are designed and operate as follows. The chopper consists of a rotor and a hopper - 1, a grinding chamber, a frame and two decks - 5 and 7 with a regulation mechanism.
The rotor has a hub - 9, on which two disks are mounted - 2 and 8 with knives - 3, 4 and 6 for coarse and fine grinding, and blades.
The grinding chamber consists of a body and a cover. The hopper is bolted to the lid. A protective funnel is installed in the housing to protect the electric motor from moisture. A discharge sleeve and a flange electric motor are attached to the body
and welded frame.
The housing contains two concentrically located decks, which can move relative to each other. The mobile deck is moved using a lever secured with a stopper.
4. Installation and adjustment of disk shredders and crushers.
Disc shredders are mounted on rubber shock absorbers, secured with bolts and must be grounded.
Before starting up, an external inspection of the crusher is carried out, the grounding is checked, the reliability of the fastenings is checked, and whether there are any foreign objects in the hopper. After this, turn on the crusher idle for 2 - 3 minutes. If knocking and noise are detected, the causes are identified and these problems are eliminated.
Installation of knife crushers is relatively simple and is carried out in accordance with the design documentation. Thanks to the massive and stable frame, the crusher can operate practically without attachment to the foundation, although it is recommended to strengthen it for permanent installation.
5. Operation of grinding equipment.
Before starting, remove the upper hopper from the crusher and check that there are no foreign objects between the pressure pads and the drum. After this, depending on the type and properties of the raw material being processed, the required gap between the pads and blades is set, the height of the protrusion of the knives above the drum is adjusted, and their fastening is checked. Then, for control, the drum is turned by hand.
To adjust the protrusion of the knives, unscrew or screw in the bolts in both rings - 19 of the drum, setting the knife to the required height (the knife is pushed out by a spring - 18); then check with a template that all knives are installed correctly.
To regulate the size of the gap between the tip of the knife and the pads, a template is also used, according to which the lock nut is screwed in - 8.
Raw materials can be loaded into the hopper only after the drum reaches full rotation speed.
Crushing machines must be washed daily after work to avoid fermentation and rotting of the remaining fruits and berries on the parts. It is best to wash with a strong and abundant stream of water, or even better with steam.
During maintenance, it is necessary to monitor the normal tension of the V-belts, which is regulated by raising and lowering the plate - 12.
To avoid heating the bearings, at least once a month they are lubricated with universal refractory waterproof grease UTV or grease - US - 2. Once every six months, the bearings are washed with gasoline.
As the knives become dull (approximately once a day), the knives must be sharpened, cutting off approximately the same amount of metal from them. In order not to disturb the balancing of the drum, after sharpening the knives should be installed in the same grooves from which they were removed.
When operating disc choppers, it is necessary to monitor the cleanliness of the fruit and their condition. Frozen fruits are not allowed to be fed into the chopper, as they can damage it. It is also necessary to ensure that foreign objects, especially hard objects, do not fall into the bunker.
Maximum productivity of the crusher can be achieved by uniformly feeding the fruit into the hopper, and the fruit can be fed only after the electric motor reaches full rotation speed. The degree of grinding is adjusted using a lever. The optimal size of crushed particles is 2-5 mm.
The degree of grinding is set for each type of fruit and berries depending on the density of the pulp, the ability to separate juice, etc. The largest amount of juice is obtained from evenly, but not too finely crushed raw materials. Therefore, the raw material is crushed to a loose mass consisting of pieces that provide drainage during subsequent pressing and facilitate the flow of juice. A highly crushed (puree-like) mass gives a lower juice yield, since during pressing, the juice is released only from the outer parts and the mass of the fruit is compacted to form a crust, which prevents the juice from leaking out from the inner parts. At the same time, pressing large pieces of fruit, although providing good drainage, is less effective, since the juice yield is reduced due to the presence of intact fruit tissue.
Therefore, pome fruits are crushed into pieces up to 6 mm in size, stone fruits and berries - into pieces about 10 mm in size. Cranberries, blueberries, blueberries, and lingonberries are crushed until cracks form in the shell; overripe berries are not crushed at all.
6. Possible malfunctions in the operation of crushers and shredders.
During the operation of crushers, various types of problems may occur, the main ones being the following:
• increased vibration of the drum;
• skipping whole pieces of fruit without chopping;
• reduced crusher productivity;
• the crusher does not crush, but “chews” fruits and berries;
• when the crusher is fully loaded, the drum does not rotate;
• when the crusher is partially loaded, the drum does not rotate and the electric motor hums;
• drum support bearings constantly overheat;
In turn, during the operation of disk shredders, problems may also arise such as:
• increased vibration of the drum;
• reduction in chopper productivity;
• humming of the electric motor when the chopper is fully loaded;
• humming of the electric motor when the chopper is empty;
• poor crushing of fruits and berries, fruits are not cut, but crumpled.
7. Basic safety requirements for the operation of crushers and shredders.
Special safety measures when servicing crushers include prohibiting manually or otherwise pushing the product into the hopper and adjusting individual mechanisms, fastening parts, etc. on the fly. It is also necessary to ensure that stones and metal objects do not fall into the hopper. In addition, when loading fruits, if it is done periodically, it is prohibited to use soft containers (bags, etc.).
When servicing disk shredders, given the high rotation speed of the disks, it is necessary to pay special attention to compliance with safety rules. As with the operation of all types of crushing machines, in this case, in addition to observing the general rules, it is forbidden to turn on the crusher with the hopper tilted (even during adjustment), push fruits into the hopper by hand or in another way, clean and replace knives with the switch of the distribution cabinet turned on etc.
8. Tasks to complete the work.
Analyze the causes of problems in the operation of the crusher and shredder noted in paragraph 6 and suggest ways to eliminate them.
Continue developing safety measures when working on crushers and shredders.
Based on the results of the work, draw up a repair and diagnostic report in the form presented in Table 5.1.
Table 5.1. Repair and diagnostic list of crusher KDP-4M.
Nature (type) of the problem
Unit, unit
Cause of the problem
Remedy
Steady mechanical ringing inside the crusher
Some tips:
- Although the knives are strong and wear-resistant, they are made of high-carbon steel. This means they are more susceptible to corrosion, so try to keep the knives dry, clean and periodically lubricate them, for example, with castor oil
- In order to guarantee the crushed fraction, use sieves with cells of a given diameter from 2 to 6 mm. For chickens - fine grinding, for crushing calves - coarser.
- To chop grass or hay: before putting them in the chopper, fold them into small bunches - this is faster and more convenient.
- If the sieve becomes clogged when crushing grain, there is only one explanation - damp grain. Having received porridge, instead of crushed grains, stop the process, clean the sieve, knife, change the grain to dry.
- Experiment : when crushing grain, by choosing different speeds of rotation of the knife, you can achieve the desired fraction sizes; when cutting root vegetables, apples, pumpkins, watermelon rinds, you can also get thinly sliced “chips” or “porridge” - everything is in your hands
- Keep your books: measure how much grain you took, how much crushed grain came out, weigh the rolls of hay sold to you - often what they sell weighs not 500 kg, but 250-350 kg.
- If you want good milk yield in winter, pamper your cows , and don’t just steam the hay overnight: add chopped fodder beets, carrots, raw potatoes, pumpkin, Jerusalem artichoke.
If you have silage, diversify the cow’s menu with it. The need of poultry and cattle for protein and high-calorie feed can be satisfied with meal. Due to the rise in price of imported soybean meal, it is worth paying attention to equally effective and less expensive rapeseed meal and cake. Research mineral supplements, test, for example, the famous felucene
How to care, what is important to know
Do not allow debris, stones, or foreign objects to get into the equipment. During grinding, the user must monitor the filling of the bag intended for collecting processed raw materials. It is worth remembering that its excess will cause the device to malfunction.
Advice from experienced owners
Experienced users recommend following several rules when using a grit grinder. First of all, it is necessary that the continuous operation of the device does not exceed thirty minutes. In the future, the device must be turned off for ten minutes. This will allow the motor and rotating elements to cool completely. Also, you should not leave the equipment idling for more than five seconds.
While the motor is running and the drum is rotating, do not disassemble the device. It is also prohibited to carry out work related to cleaning hammers and sieves. During this time, it is not permitted to move the equipment to another location. The user must not carry out repair work.
If the machine has been idle for a long period, then first it needs to work in vain. To do this, you need to start the engine and stop the unit turned on for ten minutes. This sequence of actions is necessary, as it allows the windings to dry.
