Chainsaw Friendship. History of model modifications and their operation

This is equipment originally from the USSR, which will always remain in demand, despite the fact that now electronic models are increasingly replacing gasoline ones. This is a whole era! How many years have passed, but it does not lose its popularity. A distinctive feature of Druzhba chain saws is reliability, ease of operation and low cost. And all this combines perfectly in this chainsaw! It can be found in a large number of Soviet films; it was an indispensable assistant when felling trees in the taiga and preparing firewood for the winter over a long period of time.

The main disadvantage of the Druzhba chainsaw is the impressive weight of the device and because of this the operator needs to periodically stop to rest.

If you are interested in how much a Druzhba chainsaw will cost, then the answer will be from 3,000 to 4,000 thousand, depending on the condition and modification.

History of modifications of the Druzhba chainsaw

Druzhba is one of the first chainsaws that appeared in the USSR. Its prototype is the good old “Friendship-2”. The first production of the Druzhba-4 chainsaw took place in 1955 at the plant named after. Dzerzhinsky in Perm. This was a modification with the handles attached directly to the fan cover itself. Over time, it was transferred to the clamp that connects the engine and gearbox. Then from 1960 to 1980. The Druzhba-4A chainsaw was produced. It already had a magneto and carburetor installed.

In 1990, a design change was made in the form of electronic ignition, and the production of Druzhba-4A-Electron gasoline chain saws began. The latest modernization that was born and still lives is “Druzhba-4M”. She received a new type of carburetor KMP-100U. They are already produced at.

Why is Friendship 4 not gaining momentum?

Starting the Friendship 4 chainsaw is the most technically complex process in which all systems of the chainsaw are involved. But if you manage to start the engine, but when you press the gas handle the saw does not gain momentum, there may be many reasons:

• Malfunctions in the engine: the service life has expired, the cylinder or piston rings are worn out, rusted or scored;
• Malfunctions in the ignition system: the spark plug or coil winding has failed - the spark is weak or does not form at all and cannot ignite the fuel mixture;
• Malfunctions in the carburetor: incorrect settings, unbalance of the carburetor cover mounting bolts;
• Depressurization of the fuel system, engine crankcase;
• There is a lot of carbon deposits in the muffler and exhaust gases are difficult to release.

Eliminating the causes of ignition system malfunctions

1. Unscrew the spark plug, dry it if it is filled with fuel, replace it with a new one if it has strong black carbon deposits.
2. Make sure that the coil is not pressed tightly against the magnets, there should be a distance of up to 0.2 mm and free movement. If this is not the case, secure the coil to the required distance.

If these manipulations do not help, you can independently check the entire spark plug block for spark supply through the power cable. If there is a spark, but you cannot understand the cause of the problem, it is better to take the chainsaw to a service center.

Eliminating the causes of malfunction of the carburetor unit

1. Correctly adjust the chain saw carburetor. Read above how to do this.
2. Remove the carburetor cover, check the presence of all parts and their movement inside the block, secure the cover in place by evenly tightening the fastening screws, checking that the carburetor cover fits snugly.

Eliminating the causes of exhaust system malfunction

Dismantle the muffler, mechanically remove carbon deposits from the walls; if necessary, you can use white spirit, VD-40 or other solvents.

In other cases of malfunction, we advise you not to carry out independent repairs and trust the professionals of the service center.

Specifications

The best models of chainsaws Caliber

Friendship is a technique from the USSR, and it also left its peak of popularity there. Despite the modernization and production of seemingly high-quality chainsaws “Druzhba-Altai” and “Druzhba-Electron”, they no longer find such widespread use due to very strong competition.

Chainsaw Druzhba-Altai

However, those who have remained faithful to the Druzhba chainsaw unanimously insist that it simply cannot be found better than this chainsaw. Its design is simple, parts are always available, and is easy to maintain. The 4 horsepower motor will cope with any tasks and in any weather conditions.

Features of running in a new tool

This concept includes a gentle operating mode of the chainsaw at the initial stage of its operation. The technology also provides for the engine to operate on a mixture with an increased content of motor oil by 20%.

The break-in time in engine hours is indicated in the attached instructions. In practice, to reach the working level of the tool, 3-5 refills of the saw’s gas tank are sufficient.

New models do not need to be broken in, but it is not recommended to use the chainsaw with heavy loads during the first hours of operation.

User manual

Before you start working with the Druzhba chainsaw, you should read the operating instructions. This will help you understand the principle of operation and design of a gasoline saw, as well as prevent possible breakdowns and harm to the operator. Better yet, find an experienced owner and ask him to instruct him.

You must be careful when carrying out work. When felling trees or trimming branches, carefully consider where they will fall so that they do not harm the operator. When sawing a log house, start from the base and move towards the crown.

When carrying out work in winter with a Druzhba chainsaw, do not immediately put a load on the engine, but wait 2-3 minutes for it to warm up.

If during the work or before starting any damage is discovered (damage to the handles or cracks on the body, the appearance of smoke or foreign odors), you should immediately stop the work and correct them.

When working with a Druzhba chainsaw, the operator must wear protective clothing: goggles, overalls, boots.

Fuel mixture

The Druzhba chainsaw runs on a mixture of oil and fuel. A distinctive feature of this tool is its unpretentiousness to the quality of lubricant and gasoline. Any oil can be used for two-stroke saws, and gasoline should be AI-92 or AI-95. The user manual recommends diluting gasoline and oil in a ratio of 1:25.

To lubricate the chain, any chain oil is used, and often just motor oil.

Instructions for first launch

It is possible to find a new Friendship now, but it is very difficult. Increasingly, these models are simply inherited and will continue to be used for a long time. Therefore, it is already completely ready for work, just fill in the oil, tighten the chain and start working.

Benefits of branded oils

Many domestic and foreign manufacturers specialize in the production of special motor oils, but the highest rating indicators are for branded products Shtil, Husqvarna and Makita.

Read also: Pinout of American towbar socket

Only in certain parameters the branded assortment is inferior to domestic motor oils of the Lukoil brand.

→ HUSQVARNA AT THE BEST PRICE In the list of advantages of branded motor oils:

• economical consumption;
• stability of performance characteristics under difficult operating conditions and during long-term storage;
• minimal amount of toxic compounds in exhaust gases;
• almost complete absence of soot.

According to the American classification, oils of the API-TB category can be used for work in household and professional models. The Japanese equivalent is JASO-FB and JASO FD. Preparation of a flammable mixture using oil for 4-stroke engines is strictly prohibited.

Red, green or any other color of the oil determines whether the product belongs to the range of a particular manufacturer, and therefore is not taken into account when determining the characteristics of the material. You should be extremely careful when choosing motor oil of unknown composition and origin.

Until additional information about quality and operational parameters is obtained, it is better to temporarily abandon the use of such material.

It is allowed to mix motor oils of the same type in composition and purpose produced by brands known for the quality of their range. Under no circumstances is it permitted to mix mineral and synthetic oils.

Description of main faults

Despite the fact that Druzhba chainsaws have a high build quality, they tend to periodically fail and every owner of this tool should know the rules for correcting the most common faults.

The engine will not start:

1. Soot has formed on the spark plug or the gap has been set incorrectly, and the spark has disappeared.
2. The air filter is clogged.
3. Lack of fuel.

Power drops:

1. The air filter is clogged.
2. The carburetor is not set correctly.
3. Incorrect fuel mixture ratio.
4. A detailed description of the malfunctions is given in the operating instructions.

Operation, maintenance and repair

To ensure trouble-free operation of the saw, it must be adjusted periodically. The operating instructions supplied with the equipment describe the features of setting up the model. Incorrect configuration will lead to unbalanced operation of the nodes.

How to adjust the carburetor

Failures occur when not enough or too much fuel is supplied, as well as if the proportions when mixing fuel with air are violated.

Carburetor adjustment is carried out as follows:

1. The fuel regulating screw is first turned all the way, and then back (counterclockwise) 1.5-2 turns.
2. Start the engine, warm it up for 1-2 minutes and turn the T screw in one direction or another to ensure its stable operation at maximum speed. The chain should not move along the bar at idle speed.
3. Check and, if necessary, seal the connection between the carburetor and the cylinder.

It is easier to adjust the carburetor using a tachometer, but at home, in most cases, engine operation is adjusted by ear. When both the quantitative and qualitative fuel supply is normal, the engine does not overheat, does not choke, runs smoothly, without sharp sounds. When adjusting, turn the screws slowly, without jerking.

How to set the ignition

Stable operation of the engine is ensured by correctly adjusted ignition - the Druzhba 4 chainsaw in this case will consume a minimum amount of fuel. The saw is ignited thanks to a magneto using a spark plug and a special wire.

To monitor the quality of the spark for igniting the chainsaw, place the spark plug on the cylinder body and pull the starter. If the spark plug is in working condition, a spark will jump between the electrodes. A weak spark will not ignite the fuel; such a spark plug must be replaced.

It is better to replace the contact ignition of a chainsaw with an electronic one. This will eliminate constant problems with its regulation. It is necessary to ensure that the ignition coil mounting screws do not loosen.

Basic malfunctions and their elimination

If you know why the tool malfunctions, you can repair it yourself at home.

When the Druzhba 4 chainsaw engine starts and stalls, the reasons may be as follows:

1. There is not enough fuel in the gas tank. It is necessary to add the mixture according to the instructions supplied with the instrument.
2. The spark plug was splashed with fuel. This prevents a spark from forming. The candle must be removed, dried, and heated on a gas burner.
3. Poor contact between spark plugs and wire. This occurs due to the increased gap (more than 0.5 mm) between the tip of the spark plug and the wire. The spark plugs must be cleaned of carbon deposits with a wire brush and blown with air. They need to be changed periodically.

If engine malfunctions occur at idle, repairing the Druzhba 4 chainsaw comes down to the following:

• replacing the fuel mixture with reducing the amount of oil;
• cleaning the air filter and muffler (due to its clogging, the engine runs but does not develop speed);
• checking the fuel line and replacing the tube if necessary.

If the cutting speed has decreased and the tire is “driving”, pay attention to the sharpness of the saw teeth. A well-sharpened chain is more important than a strong engine.

It is best to take it to a specialist for sharpening or use a machine with a rotary sharpening disk. The bevel of the Friendship saw blade on the bottom edge is 45°, and on the side edge - 60°. The height of the limiting protrusions relative to the chain teeth should be the same and checked after 3-4 sharpenings of the chain.

The reasons why the Friendship saw does not start may be the following:

1. The fuel mixture does not comply with the repair and operating instructions for the model.
2. Manufacturing defects. Repairs are carried out in a warranty workshop.

When assembling, even if the parts fit tightly, you should not use force, for example, hitting them with a hammer. By replacing worn elements, you can restore the functionality of the chainsaw or extend its life.

Carburetor settings

The carburetor in the Druzhba chainsaw is responsible for the fuel supply. And you need to be able to customize it for a specific type of work. There can be many reasons for incorrect carburetor settings: heavy load, increased vibration, poor quality of the fuel mixture, etc. Signals that the carburetor has been adjusted incorrectly are:

1. Loss of power.
2. The gasoline saw does not hold idle speed.
3. Excessive fuel consumption.
4. Production of smoke or excessive soot.
5. Difficult to start or stalls during operation.

Adjusting the carburetor is very simple, the following sequence will help you figure it out:

1. There are two screws on the chainsaw that are responsible for supplying fuel at minimum and maximum speeds, and the essence of the adjustment is to change their tension under different loads.
2. Initially, you should adjust the supply of the fuel mixture at low speeds.
3. Then adjust with another screw at maximum power.
4. Adjust operation at idle speed.
5. Double-check all modes again.

Petrol

The main component of the fuel mixture for chainsaw engines is gasoline with an octane number of at least 92. Expired consumables made from gas condensate containing water and mechanical impurities are not suitable for preparing fuel.

• The opinions of experts on the use of gasoline of different brands are ambiguous. On the one hand, it is recognized that domestic A-92 gasoline does not fully comply with European standards.
• On the other hand, the quality of A-95 gasoline is questioned due to the high content of anti-knock additives. You can use this fuel to prepare fuel for a chainsaw only if you are completely confident in its quality.
• The difficulty lies in the presence of various improving additives, with the help of which unscrupulous manufacturers and distributors increase the performance properties of motor gasoline with a lower octane rating.

Irreversible changes in the operating properties of fuel also occur when stored in plastic containers for a sufficiently long time, regardless of the level of its gasoline and oil resistance.

Sharpening teeth

When working with a Druzhba chainsaw, the main load falls on the chain. Therefore, it is important to monitor its condition and periodically sharpen it. The first signs that the chain is dull are:

1. Large vibration when cutting.
2. Chain oil consumption is too high.
3. Not a straight cut.
4. Requires high cutting forces.

The rules for properly sharpening teeth on a Druzhba gasoline saw are given in the operating instructions. To do this, you will need a round and straight file, and a depth gauge template. If you can’t sharpen the teeth, you can always skip the repairs and find a new chain on the market.

Options for doing the job

It is important to know how to sharpen a chainsaw chain at home, so as not to delay the process of working with lumber and not break the tool. Sharpening an electric saw chain with your own hands is no different from straightening the cutting element of a saw with a gasoline engine.

You can choose one of the available methods:

1. Straightening teeth using a file is the most common and easiest method, which allows you to sharpen directly on the job site.
2. The teeth can be sharpened using the PowerSharp system.
3. Using a special sharpening machine - this method is used by service centers, but it can also be used at home.
4. Using an angle grinder (grinder). This method is unlikely to be used by inexperienced users, since it is rarely used and requires certain skills.

Shtil chainsaw sharpening angle

It is important to maintain the sharpening angle of the rear corner of the upper blade; this can only be done using a template. It is extremely difficult to achieve this in other ways, because

because its value ranges from 50 to 60°. The angle of the leading edge can be changed depending on what type of sawing you will be doing. The harder the wood, the smaller the angle, otherwise the edge will bend. The optimal angle values ​​are 10...12° for longitudinal cutting, and 25...30° for cross cutting. Its performance depends on which edge angle is used in a particular case.

Editing the chain with a file

Chainsaw chains are sharpened using two types of files: round and flat. The round file must correspond to the rounding diameter of the sawing teeth of the particular chain. For example, to sharpen a Shtil 180 chainsaw with your own hands, you will need a file with a diameter of 4 mm. For other chains of this type, files with a diameter of 3.8 to 4.8 mm can be used. For chains used on professional saws, needle files with a diameter of 5.2 to 5.5 mm are used. Read about chain sharpening machines here.

To properly straighten the chain, using only a round file is not enough, because, in addition to sharpening the teeth, it is necessary to adjust the cutting depth limiter. If you miss this important point, the chain will not be able to bite to the required depth into the body of the sawing material, and this will significantly reduce the speed of the work being carried out and will affect the service life of the engine. For this type of sharpening you must use a flat file.

When sharpening, protect your hands with thick gloves and your eyes with goggles.

Useful tips

The following recommendations will be useful in your work:

1. To begin, place the tool on a flat, stable surface—a table or bench works well. If you are in a forest, then just find a wide log or stump. Check the teeth around the entire circumference for chips and other defects: it may turn out that some teeth have broken.
2. Set the saw brake to working condition - this action will block the movement of the chain along the bar. Make sure that the cutting element is taut during sharpening. It is recommended to place a stand in the form of a log or a regular piece of branch under the tire - this way it will not fall through when pressed. You can purchase special clamps to hold the tire in a stationary position.
3. During the sharpening process, the file moves from the inside of the tooth to the outer edge of the edge, turning the file around its axis. In this case, the tool must be moved parallel to a special mark located on the chain. This mark serves as an indicator of the correct sharpening angle of the cutting edge. For the convenience of the process itself, the tooth you are processing should be located in the center of the splint.
4. All sharpening work must be carried out in protective clothing and gloves, since the cutting edge of the teeth is very sharp, so there is a high probability of injury. For uniform sharpening, manufacturers recommend performing the same number of file movements for each tooth; in practice, this recommendation can only be applied to teeth that are not damaged.
5. For easier sharpening, the file can be used in conjunction with a special holder, on which the permissible angles are marked. With the help of such marks, teeth can be sharpened not only for transverse, but also for longitudinal cutting of wood. Using a holder will also be useful for people who, unlike professionals, do not have proper experience in this matter.

Spark plug setting

In order to ensure normal engine operation, the spark plug must have an adjusted electronic gap and be free of lubricant, slag and carbon deposits. This is done so that the spark passes through it normally and does not disappear, and, as a result, the engine does not stall during operation.

To adjust the spark plug, you must do the following:

1. Tighten the fuel screw fully.
2. Unscrew it 3 turns.
3. Screw in the propeller and back it out two full turns.

Seal the transition coupling with any sealant or place a tin strip. Another reason for the lack of a spark may be dirt adhering to the spark plug, in which case you should simply clean it.

Storage recommendations

It is better to prepare the mixture in quantities that should be enough to complete one-time work. The problem is the irreversible deterioration of the working properties of the mixture during storage. It is recommended to use the finished composition over the next few days.

A mixture of gasoline and month-old oil impairs the traction capabilities of the engine. There is also the formation of resinous compounds in the fuel system and intense carbon formation in the combustion chamber, loss of mobility of the piston rings.

• With minimal damage to quality, it is advisable to store gasoline and oil for no more than 2 weeks. At an ambient temperature of 25 degrees Celsius or more, this period is reduced to 8-10 days.
• In order to save money, the expired mixture can be gradually consumed by mixing it into the fresh composition in an amount of no more than 10% of the total volume.

To avoid problems associated with fuel system failure, it is recommended to filter the prepared mixture through a non-fibre material such as suede, or a fine-mesh twill weave or metal mesh.

Homemade chainsaws Friendship

Another reason for the great popularity of the Druzhba chainsaw is the wide range of possible DIY projects using this tool. In Soviet times, it was used wherever possible. Let's look at the most common models of homemade devices with impressive modifications.

Snowmobile

The popularity of the Friendship chainsaw in the development of a snowmobile is due to the simplicity of the design and disassembly of the device.

The general drawing of the snowmobile is shown in the following photo:

The main thing in the manufacture of a snowmobile is the creation of a drawing in which the transmission, engine and skis should be connected.

The rack manufacturing diagram is shown in this photo:

And here is a drawing of the tracks:

The drive shaft can be made according to the following scheme:

As a steering element, you can take the steering wheel from a regular scooter or bicycle, but there is no braking system provided here; you just need to release the throttle, because you won’t develop high speeds on it.

How to start a chainsaw without a starter

Many people on the Internet are interested in the question of how to start a chainsaw without a starter. Let’s not give hope to our readers; it’s impossible to start a chainsaw, any kind, this concerns not only Friendship 4.

The manufacturer does not provide the ability to start the internal combustion engine in any alternative way other than through the starter. If you dismantle it and instead force the spark plug to give a spark by applying an external rotational force, starting the engine at idle, such an engine will not work for a long time, the chainsaw will be left without a cooling system.

The standard starter of the Druzhba 4 chain saw has a cooling scroll, the impeller of which directs a flow of cold air to the cylinder.