Review of the model range of KhTZ mini tractors. User manual. Basic malfunctions and ways to eliminate them

There are quite a lot of Kharkov tractors. One of them is the HTZ-3512 tractor . Its small dimensions allow it to be classified as a mini-tractor that can be used in cramped conditions. However, they are most attractive for private entrepreneurs and farmers due to their cost-effectiveness. It is important that it can be used for a number of agricultural operations, but this is not all of its distinctive features.

Tractor HTZ-3512: side view

Review of KhTZ mini tractors

The years after the collapse of the Soviet Union became turning points and difficult for people. But this served as a start for the production of small-sized equipment, which was in demand by small and medium-sized farms. The Kharkov Tractor Plant was no exception and put into production the HTZ T-012 minitractor, which, due to its small size and wide functionality, became in demand on the agricultural market.

Minitractor HTZ-T012

It should be noted that even today, the secondary market is rich in offers for the sale of tractors and they are still popular. This is due in no small part to excellent maintainability and a wide selection of spare parts.

A significantly used tractor can range in price from $1,500 to $3,500 on the secondary market, with newer models costing between $4,500 and $6,500.

Main units and components

The load-bearing frame of the machine is the half-frame and the housings of the transmission elements. Power plant. Product of the Minsk Tractor Plant 3LD-22. Three-cylinder diesel engine with a longitudinal single-row block. Closed liquid forced cooling circuit, direct fuel injection, mechanical speed control system. Transmission. Torque from the engine to the rear wheels is transmitted through the clutch assembly, gearbox, reversible gearbox, and final drives. Clutch in dry, single-plate design. The shutdown drive is mechanical. The gearbox reduces the speed of rotation of the gearbox input shaft. It has a common lubrication system with the gearbox. The gearbox is a mechanical type with 6 modes (+2 slow), providing 8 forward speeds and 6 in reverse. Rear axle with final drive mechanism, differential interwheel device and 2 final drives. Band type brakes on final drive shafts. The drive is mechanical and allows separate braking of the drive wheels of each side. The steering column is adjusted in height and angle. Mechanical swing drive.

Units for attaching additional equipment and agricultural implements:

• rear canopy device hydraulically with a load capacity of 0.6 tons;
• towing unit with a hydraulically controlled hook.

cabin is equipped with a safety cage. An adjustable seat, ventilation and heating systems, and ergonomic placement of controls and monitoring devices provide decent working conditions for the tractor driver.

Cabin HTZ 3512

Model range of HTZ mini tractors

The HTZ-T012 model is the base for many of the following modifications. The engine power is 11 hp, which allows you to perform work of varying complexity, including transporting goods. The service life set by the designers is 6,000 hours. The design is constructed in such a way that it provides easy access to the engine and other components. And this in turn makes repairs much easier.

The advantages of T-012 can be considered:

• The presence of automatic crankshaft speed control, which makes operation more stable.
• The gearbox is multi-stage, has 4 forward and 2 reverse speeds. This makes it possible to maneuver on any surface.
• Wide functionality due to the presence of a power take-off shaft and mounts for a variety of attachments.
• Low fuel consumption, which is only 1.5-2 l/h.
• The presence of an electric starter makes starting easier in the winter.
• The maximum speed is 15 km/h.
• The turning radius is 1.5 m, which is highly valued in small areas.

The owners of the units consider the low battery power to be a disadvantage. And in order to install a more powerful battery, the design will need to be significantly modified.

The HTZ 1410 minitractor is a small unit with an engine power of 13.8 hp. Its more improved modification, with increased to 16 hp. power is KhTZ 1611 . The main areas of use of these models are livestock farming, greenhouse farms or greenhouses. They belong to the second traction class.

Minitractor HTZ 1410

Small dimensions and high ground clearance of 30 cm allow the mini tractor to be used in narrow row spaces. The fuel tank is designed for 21 liters of fuel, and the consumption is only 2 l/h. With noticeable performance and reliability, the unit is capable of lifting loads up to 180 kg. Diesel is used as fuel.

Scope of use

The design features of the machine have determined the list of operations where it is effectively used:

• When planting, growing, harvesting crops on small farm plots, private farmsteads.
• Procurement and transportation of animal feed;
• As a towing vehicle for trailed and semi-trailer transport platforms for transporting cargo up to 2 tons;
• In municipal services for aggregation with sweeping brushes, dumps, other equipment, and snow removal.
• For work in gardens, parks and sports areas.

Attachments

All KhTZ models provide for the use of attachments using a power take-off shaft. The T-012 minitractor is designed to cultivate land up to 2 hectares. And thanks to the equipment with a hydraulic system with a gear pump, the functionality of the equipment increases. The wide range of attachments available on the modern market allows tractors to be used in various areas. The most common are:

• Seeders;
• Blade shovel;
• Trailer;
• Potato digger/planter;
• Cultivator;
• Harrow;
• Plow for 2 furrows.

Vegetable seeder STVT-2 (2-row)

Blade shovel

Potato planter KSN-2

Potato digger DTZ-2V (vibrating)

HTZ 3512 - machine features

• A diesel power plant of sufficient power allows the use of trailed implements with a wider grip than that of the 16 series tractor.
• Mechanical type gearbox.
• The driving wheels of the sides allow separate braking, which increases maneuverability and allows you to cultivate small fields.
• High ground clearance and variable wheel tracks make it possible to work with plantings of different heights and row spacing sizes.
• Lever-articulated rear linkage, hydraulic towing hook.
• The weight of a trailer towed by a tractor is limited to 2 tons. Towing speed is up to 30 km/h.
• The tractor is easy to operate and reliable in operation.
• A fairly comfortable cabin with heating and ventilation units.

Mini tractor HTZ 3512

Features of operation

The main feature of all models is their low maintenance requirements. But still there is no need to neglect it. Regular maintenance will extend the service life of the tractor. In order to carry out all the steps correctly and avoid damage, you must first read the instructions.

The first thing that needs to be done with a new mini tractor is running it in. They allow all the parts to break in and be properly lubricated. Break-in usually requires 30 hours. The tractor must be operated without loads and without the use of attachments. After completing the break-in period, all oil is drained and replaced with new one. The operating instructions indicate the timing for replacing filters and oils during operation. Typically this occurs every 100 hours of operation.

Tractor HTZ Ukraine: feasibility of using a crawler tractor

Renewal and replenishment of the machine and tractor fleet (MTP) of agricultural enterprises at the beginning of the 21st century.
is considered not only from the point of view of productivity and efficiency of new machines, but also from the point of view of environmental friendliness. Well-known global tractor manufacturing companies already have a range of rubber-tracked crawler tractors. It is worth noting that such a universal agricultural tractor can be in demand among a significant number of agricultural enterprises in Ukraine. This is confirmed by research that was carried out in 2010-2013 by the Department of “Optimization of Technological Systems” (OTS) of the Educational and Scientific Institute of Mechanotronics and Management Systems (UNI MSM) on the use of machines in agriculture in the Forest-Steppe and Steppe of the Kharkov region.

The research results showed that all farms, based on technical equipment, can be conditionally (in accordance with the methodology developed by the HTS department) divided into three groups: high technological level (HTR), medium (STR) and low technological level (LTL). The methodology was based on indicators that took into account the level of agricultural technology and mechanization of agricultural processes in the farms under study. As shown by the results of the targeted distribution of farms in two districts of the Kharkov region - Zolochevsky (forest-steppe zone) and Balakleysky (Steppe zone), the percentage ratio of VTR, STR and NTR farms was 12:23:65 and 3:20:77, respectively. That is, the bulk of them - 65-77% - are STR farms. These farms have limited financial resources and, as a rule, a small fleet of tractors and other agricultural machines. Therefore, they need universal tractors that can be used, if necessary, as tracked or as wheeled - for them, tractors like HTZ-280T can be a fairly good option.

In 2014, the department of OTS took part in testing and researching a prototype of a universal wheeled crawler tractor for agricultural purposes, HTZ-280T, which can work variably: as a crawler tractor, and if necessary, and with little time (several hours), it can be reconfigured to a wheeled one.

In 2014, a prototype of the KhTZ tractor was presented with a chassis in the form of metal tracks. It was equipped with a YaMZ 236ND engine with a power of 210 hp. KhTZ designers plan to equip these tractors with high-power engines in the future.

Employees of the OTS department, together with KhTZ specialists, conducted relevant studies of the operation of a prototype agricultural tractor in the production conditions of the educational farm of the Kharkov National Technical University of Agriculture. P. Vasilenko (KhNTUSH).

The research program included determining the possibility of aggregating the tractor with domestic and foreign tillage and sowing machines (Table 1), as well as establishing operational and technological indicators when performing various technological operations.

In the autumn of 2014, a study was carried out on the possibility of aggregation with existing domestic plows PLN-5-35 and PN-8-35, as a result of which operational and technological indicators were obtained when plowing with these units. The conditions under which the research was carried out were characterized by the fact that the temperature at night dropped to -4 ... 8 ° C, so the hardness of the soil at a depth of 10 cm was 3.0 MPa.

The speed of the KhTZ tractor was 6.0-6.1 km/h. Insufficient power of the YaMZ 236ND engine did not allow increasing the speed. Taking into account the relevant conditions, the productivity for 1 hour of main time when aggregated with the PN-8-35 plow was low and amounted to 1.19 hectares with a fuel consumption of 30 l/ha.

In the spring of 2015, comprehensive studies were carried out on the HTZ-280T tractor, which was presented in its main version - with rubber cable tracks.

Research during this period was multifaceted, it was carried out by specialists from various areas of the leading departments of the institute: “Tractors and Automobiles”, “Life Safety” and “Optimization of Technological Systems”. Thus, the Department of Tractors and Automobiles conducted research to determine the speed of movement of the unit in various modes, the amount of slipping and the traction class of the tractor. The determination of these indicators was carried out using the measuring system for the dynamics and energy of mobile machines (VSDEMM), developed by the department. This system included:

• inertial measuring device (IMD);
• GPS navigation receiver, the antenna of which was installed on the roof of the tractor cab;
• wheel speed sensor;
• traction sensor (electronic dynamometer).

Real speeds were determined by work in gear ranges I, II, III, traction tests and the amount of slipping were determined in ranges II and III. To create traction, we used the HTZ-17224 tractor and John Deere 7200 seeders.

As a result of the analysis of certain dynamic characteristics of an agricultural tractor, the dependence of slipping (δ) of tractor engines on traction force (Pcr) was obtained (Fig. 1).

Analysis of the data from this graph shows that with the minimum permissible slipping value of 5%, the tractor develops a force of 8000 kg, that is, the class of the HTZ-280T tractor should be taken as equivalent to 80 kN.

Determination of the actual speed showed that in range I gears it is 0.51-0.89 m/s; II - 1.22-2.7; III - 3.15-4.13 m/s.

Basic mini tractor malfunctions that arise during operation

1. There is no transmission of torque by the clutch. To do this, you must:
   Adjust the pedal stroke;
2. Replace/clean disks;
3. Check and eliminate disc deformation.
4. Attachment does not lift
   Check the amount of oil in the system;
5. Turn on the pump;
6. Check the operation of the safety valve.
7. Poor brake performance
   Adjust the free play position of the brake pedal;
8. Replace the brake pads.
9. Transmission temperature increases
   Adjust the gear clearance;
10. Add oil to the transmission or replace it with a higher quality one.
11. Star won't turn on
    Check wires and contacts;
12. Charge the battery;
13. If a short circuit occurs, it is necessary to clean the commutator and replace the brushes;
14. Adjust the travel of the magnetic switch.

Technical characteristics of HTZ 3512

The HTZ 3511 product differs from the 3512 model by a Lithuanian-made F2L 511 air-cooled diesel engine with a power of 35 hp. With.

HTZ 3512 with attachments

Design changes

As Igor Lazarenko told the correspondent, the tractors received a new plastic lining made using RIM technologies. It is lightweight, durable, resistant to high and low temperatures. The upper surface of the hood is covered with an anti-reflective coating.

The tractor cabin received a central operator position, a new interior, a steering column with suspended pedals and glass doors.