How many liters of oil are poured into the D 240 engine?

MTZ-80 is a Soviet tractor produced by the Minsk plant, developed in the mid-70s. Initially it was available with rear-wheel drive or two drive axles with a traction class of 14 kN. Later, a modification of the MTZ-82 with technical improvements was released. The MTZ-80 tractor is widely used in combination with various mounted and semi-mounted equipment, as well as trailed devices and stationary machines.

Despite the design being 50 years old, this equipment is still in demand on farms and at various agricultural enterprises. At the same time, the main purpose of the MTZ-80 is the cultivation and harvesting of row crops - corn, sugar beets, potatoes, sunflowers, vegetable and melon crops, etc.

Engine Description

The unit is a four-cylinder diesel engine, the cylinder block of the unit is reinforced, made of cast iron, the engine capacity of the D240 is 4.75 liters. The power plant is naturally aspirated, characterized by increased reliability and simplicity of design. The motor is easy to repair; the procedure is possible even in the field.

Since the power plant is diesel, the fuel supply is injection, the engine is provided with the necessary thrust and sufficient power. In addition, the D240 engine has a torque of 28 kgf*m, which is enough to complete most of the tasks. The process of starting the D240 power plant occurs using an electric starter; the D240L modification is equipped with a starting motor, which helps facilitate the start of the main unit in the cold season.

The design solution was to use a non-separated type working chamber on the power unit. In addition, there is double fuel injection, with the formation of working fluid vapors by volume and distribution of the fuel in the form of a film over the cylinder and piston. Thanks to the solution, it is possible to obtain an effect using the engine resource and realize the potential. Thus, the dynamic characteristics of the unit are higher, which makes it possible for the motor to cope with a large number of assigned goals.

In order to improve mixture formation, the designers made the working chamber in the form of a ball; this creates vortex flows inside the chamber and uses the generated heat effectively. The power plant produces 80 horsepower at 2200 min-1 crankshaft revolutions. Such indicators guarantee traction in the rev range.

High-strength gray cast iron helps the cylinder block of the power unit avoid thermal deformation. The material made the motor heavy, the weight of the D240 engine is 430 kg, this justified itself, since the motor does not have diseases inherent in similar mechanisms.

Power unit D240:

How to choose and what to pay attention to

Any equipment and various mechanisms must be lubricated regularly. The same statement applies to agricultural machinery. High-quality tractor spare parts with proper lubrication will ensure extended service life. In addition, the wear of components will be significantly reduced. For MTZ tractors, you should choose transmission oils recommended by the manufacturer, which, in accordance with the standards, have certain physical and chemical properties.

When choosing the right type of lubricant, you should take into account the type of gearbox. After this, it is recommended to pay attention to viscosity indicators. The climatic conditions in which the tractor will operate play a huge role. Experienced drivers take into account the SAE classification when choosing. If the tractor will be used in hot summers, then you need to choose class 140 SAE. For moderate climates, SAE class 90 is suitable.

Oil changes are usually carried out at intervals of 60 thousand kilometers, regardless of wear of parts. In this regard, the use of seasonal oil in our latitudes is unprofitable from an economic point of view and it is recommended to replace it with all-season oil.

What oil should you use in your tractor?

Lubricants can be motor, transmission and solid (for example, grease). All these types of lubricants are used in tractors. Liquid oils are classified according to viscosity and temperature stability.

When operating agricultural machinery in winter and late autumn, you need to use M-8DM lubricant. It has low viscosity and is perfect for working at low subzero temperatures. In spring and summer, you can use M-10DM (M-10G2K) lubricant. It is suitable for working in hot weather.

Lubricants must be replaced every 500 operating hours, regardless of the severity of the work and the number of attachments. How much oil needs to be filled or added depends on the specific type of engine installed on the vehicle.

Unit components

The normal functioning of the unit is due to the complex operation of the components.

• Components for reducing the excess temperature of the unit. The power unit, when the temperature exceeds the established norms, uses liquid in order to reduce the performance. The circulation of the substance occurs in a confined space, communication with the atmosphere occurs through a fuse.

1. heat exchanger, liquid pump;
2. thermal regulator;
3. impeller blades, cooling cavities of the installation, tubes supplying and discharging cooling liquid.

Diesel cooling system D240:

• Engine lubrication system D240. The power unit uses single-circuit lubrication. Lubrication of parts occurs in a combination, some engine parts receive lubrication through forced spray, others by gravity and oil mist.

1. oil intake mechanism from the bottom of the unit;
2. pump supplying lubricant;
3. centrifugal oil purification mechanism;
4. heat exchanger, thermostat, mechanisms driving the pump.

Diesel D240 lubrication system:

• Components that ensure the supply of fuel. The power plant is equipped with components that are a collection of mechanisms and devices that ensure an uninterrupted supply of fuel and removal of burnt material.

1. air purification element;
2. manifolds, fuel filter elements;
3. fuel pump, nozzles, tubes supplying fuel under pressure and without pressure.

Diesel fuel supply system D240:

• Starting components of the power plant. The D240 power unit, the included electric starter, quickly and smoothly starts the engine. Starter performance is 4.8 horsepower. In addition, the included heating device is designed to maintain the temperature of the supplied air at the required level for the formation of the mixture, if the startup process occurs during periods of negative temperatures.

Gear starter MTZ D240:

The modification of the D240L unit contains a motor consisting of one cylinder, fed by a mixture prepared by a carburetor. In addition, during the working cycle the power unit performs two strokes, is marked PD 10UD, and produces 10 horsepower. The starting mechanism is equipped with an adjustment device that maintains a constant rotation speed, operating principle, and centrifugal force. Number of adjustment modes, one. The magneto mounted on the body is ignited both manually and using a starter. To start the installation in cold weather, a liquid heater is used. Due to the use of additional attachments in the form of a starting motor, the D240L modification weighs more; when dry, without a clutch, the engine weight is 490 kilograms.

Starting motor PD 10UD, installed on diesel D240L:

The power plant is equipped with an alternating current generator with a power of 400 W with a built-in rectifier, voltage 14V, electrical circuit voltage 12V. The advantage of the motor is its simple electrical circuit, since the unit uses a mechanically driven pump.

Technical characteristics of the D 240 engine

The popularity of the power plant is due to its simplicity and reliability. The decisive role was played by the characteristics of the D240 engine, which at the time of release met user expectations.

Engine D240 technical characteristics:

Fuel consumption standards per 100 kilometers.

All these figures refer to serviceable vehicles with run-in power plants:

Like any other equipment, MTZ-80 tractors require compliance with operating rules, timely maintenance and repairs. Routine operations performed both during maintenance and during operation include monitoring the level of fuel and working fluids and maintaining their required volume.

The working fluids and lubricants that provide certified technical characteristics, reliable and trouble-free operation of MTZ include:

• motor oil for the engine, fuel pump, air cleaner and hydraulic system;
• transmission oil for the gearbox and transmission wheel reducer;
• greases for bearing units;
• coolant for the engine cooling system.

Lubrication table