Kharkovsky began producing diesel engines in the middle of the last century. The products were intended for installation on vehicles operating in agriculture - combines, tractors. The SMD diesel engine has established itself among users as a reliable mechanism that operates over a long service life without major repairs. At this time, the plant ceased to exist; the production of modern engines of this category was established in Belgorod. Now it is produced by the Belgorod Motor Plant.
Description of SMD engines
Modifications of diesel internal combustion engines produced under the SMD brand have common advantages:
- Economical, low diesel fuel consumption.
- Compact design.
- Relatively small mass.
- Availability of changeover (most often it is necessary to change the power of the unit).
- A large number of spare parts at affordable prices in the retail chain.
- Low cost of the unit in comparison with imported analogues.
Due to the large number of advantages of these motors, they are widely used in the production of agricultural machinery. SMD motors include high-pressure hydraulic pumps for servicing the hydraulic system. Along with the pumps, special spark arresters are additionally installed on agricultural machines. The design of the engines includes fine fuel filters. Their design allows for cleaning and rinsing without dismantling or disassembling.
Depending on the area of use and design of modifications, power units of the SMD brand are divided into the following categories:
- four-cylinder, cylinder arrangement – in-line;
- six-cylinder, in-line;
- 6-cylinder, U-shaped.
Crankcase and cylinder head
The crankcase is a body part, an iron casting that combines 2 cylinder blocks lying at an angle to each other and the upper part of the crankshaft housing.
The cylinder liners are removable, “wet” type, and made of special cast iron. Their inner surface is hardened by high-frequency currents.
The cylinder head is a cast iron casting made integral with the valve box. To seal the connector between the head and the cylinder block, a gasket made of asbestos steel is used. The cylinder heads are interchangeable.
A valve mechanism is installed on them. On the lower plane opposite each cylinder there are 2 borings for the intake and exhaust valves. The bores have seats made of a special nickel alloy.
Diesel engine SMD 18 N
The engine design includes four cylinders. Fuel is supplied to the cylinders using a proprietary Motorpal fuel injection pump PP4M10P1F-4214 made in the Czech Republic.
- Fuel injection is direct.
- The engine is equipped with turbocharging.
- The cooling system is liquid.
Technical characteristics of the SMD 18N engine:
- power – 100 l. With.;
- crankshaft speed at idle 600 – 1950 rpm;
- specific diesel fuel consumption 165 – 170 g/s. With. h;
- engine weight from 735 to 880 kg.
Malfunctions
Failures of SMD 60 engines are rare and arise, as a rule, due to violation of the rules of their technical operation.
| FAULT | REMEDY METHODS |
| The release of crankcase oil through the exhaust pipe. | 1. Long-term operation of the engine at low and/or idle speeds. |
| 2. Coking of cast iron sealing rings on the turbocharger rotor shaft. | |
| 3. Large gap between the rotor shaft and the turbocharger bearing. | |
| Release of motor oil through the flywheel housing. | 1. The self-clamping oil seal is destroyed. |
| 2. The gearbox O-ring has been cut off. | |
| There is no oil supply to the valve mechanism. | 1. The camshaft bushing rotates. |
| 2. Clogged oil passages of the cylinder head. | |
| 3. Loosening of the camshaft gear. | |
| Extraneous knocks in the engine: | |
| 1. A loud, sharp knock. | The nozzle is broken. |
| 2. Detonating knock. | The injection angle is incorrect. |
| 3. Unclear knocking sound. | Broken valve guide; sticking of the pusher; connecting rod bearings were melted; the connecting rod bottom cover is loosened; crankshaft liners are melted. |
Engine SMD 60
The SMD 60 power unit is designed for T-150 tracked tractors produced by the KhTZ plant. The SMD 62 engine is for the wheeled modification of the T-150K, respectively.
Description of the SMD-60/62 device:
- Number of cylinders – 6 pcs.
- Number of cycles – 4.
- Power – 150 l. With.
- Type of cooling - liquid (in summer, water is poured into the system, at negative ambient temperatures - antifreeze).
- Diesel fuel injection is direct.
- Turbocharging – available.
- The arrangement of the cylinders is y-shaped with offset.
- The piston stroke is less than the cylinder diameter - a short-stroke version.
The engine includes:
- fuel injection pump;
- coarse and fine fuel filters;
- engine oil is purified using a special centrifuge;
- cyclonic air cleaner (dust is removed from it automatically);
- starting motor P-350;
- pre-heating device;
- alternator,
- The engine turbocharger is located in the cylinder camber.
The main difference between the SMD 62 and the base model is the transition to increased power of 165 hp. The pneumatic system of the T-150K tractor is equipped with a special injection compressor.
Crank mechanism of the SMD-62 diesel engine of the T-150K tractor
This mechanism of the SMD-62 diesel engine includes: pistons with piston rings and pins, connecting rods, crankshaft, flywheel.
The pistons are cast from aluminum alloy. At the bottoms they have toroidal open combustion chambers. The upper parts of the pistons are conical, the skirts are oval-conical.
At the top of the pistons there are 4 grooves with rings. To drain oil, holes are provided in the 4th groove and under the groove. In 2 bosses, holes are bored for the piston pin, and holes are also made in the bosses to supply oil to it.
The piston pin is hollow, floating, and made of chrome-nickel steel. Its outer surface is cemented and polished.
The connecting rod, stamped from chromium steel, has an I-beam section of the rod. A bronze bushing is pressed into its upper head. Connecting rod bearings are made of steel-aluminum alloy, covered with a running-in layer.
The crankshaft, stamped from steel, has 4 main journals and 3 connecting rod journals. The connecting rod journals are placed at an angle of 120°.
Maintenance of SMD 60/62 engines
It is recommended to use special brands as lubricating fluids for tractor engines of these models. In summer it is M10G engine oil, and in winter it is M8G. If you are unable to purchase the recommended liquids, you can temporarily use substitutes:
- summer motor lubricant – M 10B;
- winter diesel oil - DS-8.
Attention: When using analogues, you need to switch to fuel with a reduced sulfur content (no more than 0.5%).
Engine SMD 14
The four-cylinder diesel engine SMD 14A is included in the Kharkov T-74 tractor, and the SMD-14B is intended for the serial tractor DT-54V, produced at the Volgograd Tractor Plant.
Technical characteristics of the SMD 14 engine
- The rated power of the engine is 75 horsepower.
- Number of cylinders – 6 pieces, diameter – 130 mm.
- The cylinder arrangement is U-shaped, with a camber angle of 90°.
- Crankshaft speed 800 – 2180 rpm.
- The piston stroke length is 115 mm.
- Cooling system type – water.
- Ventilation of the cooling system is forced type.
- The SMD-14 includes a starting system with a P-350 motor.
Gas distribution mechanism
The gas distribution mechanism includes a camshaft, intake and exhaust valves, elements of their installation and drive: pushers, rods, rocker arms, adjusting screws and nuts, plates with crackers, springs, guides of bushings, struts and axles.
The camshaft is stamped from steel, mounted on 4 supports. The rear support (from the flywheel side) is equipped with a bronze bushing, and the rest are bored out into the bosses of the crankcase. The diameters of the supports are different: the rear one is the largest, and the front one is the smallest. The 1st and 4th camshaft journals are equipped with radial drillings for supplying oil to the valve mechanism.
At the rear end of the camshaft there is a block of two helical gears, one of which meshes with the crankshaft gear and rotates the camshaft, and the other transmits rotation to the fuel pump drive gear.
The pushers are steel, with flat bottoms. The valve rocker arms are steel, differing in their configuration for the intake and exhaust valves. Their movement along the axis is limited by spacer springs. The inlet and outlet valves are made of heat-resistant steel.
Engines SMD-31
Six-cylinder, four-stroke diesel engines are equipped with turbocharging.
The power of the SMD-31A is 235 horsepower. The main application is the DON-1500 combine.
SMD 31.16 was created for the Slavutich combine produced by Kherson, its power is 265 hp. With.
SMD 31.20 – “Obriy”, the combine harvester is manufactured in Kharkov. Engine power – 230 hp. With.
Technical characteristics of the SMD 31 engine:
- crankshaft rotation speed – 800 – 2130 rpm;
- fuel consumption from 165 to 172 g/l.h.;
- the starting system is equipped with an electric starter 3212.3708, as well as an electric torch heater EFP 8101500;
- assembled motor weight – 1050 – 1100 kg.
Engine SMD 22
This power unit is installed on various domestically produced grain harvesting machines: SKD-6 M, Niva, Yenisei.
Technical characteristics of SMD-22:
- Number of cylinders – 4 pieces.
- Rated power – 140 horsepower.
- Number of revolutions – 650 – 2130 rpm.
- Fuel consumption – 171 g/hp. h.
- Starting motor model – P-10 UD.
- The weight of the unit is 735 – 880 kg.
Technical characteristics of the SMD 21 engine:
- the full name of the modification is SMD-21.07.02;
- equipment – turbocharging;
- liquid cooling;
- Motorpal fuel injection pump;
- number of cylinders – 4 pcs.
- number of revolutions – 2400 rpm;
- torsion moment 610 N.m;
- starting system – electric starter, 24 volts;
- service life before major overhaul is 10 years.
Specifications
| OPTIONS | MEANING |
| Slave. cylinder volume, l | 9.15 |
| Power, l. With. | 160 |
| Crankshaft rotation speed, rpm. nominal/minimum (idling)/maximum (idling) | 2000/800/2180 |
| Number of cylinders | 6 |
| Cylinder arrangement | V-shaped, camber angle 90° |
| Cylinder diameter, mm | 130 |
| Piston stroke, mm | 115 |
| Compression ratio | 15 |
| Cylinder operating order | 1-4-2-5-3-6 |
| Supply system | Direct fuel injection |
| Fuel type/brand | Diesel fuel “L”, “DL”, “Z”, “DZ”, etc., depending on the ambient temperature |
| Fuel consumption, g/l. With. hour (rated/operating power) | 175/182 |
| Turbocharger type | TKR-11N-1 |
| Starting system | Starting motor P-350 with remote start + electric starter ST142B |
| Starter fuel | A mixture of A-72 gasoline and motor oil in a ratio of 20:1 |
| Lubrication system | Combined (pressure + spray) |
| Engine oil type | M-10G, M-10V, M-112V |
| Engine oil quantity, l | 18 |
| Cooling system | Water, closed type, with forced ventilation |
| Motor resource, hour | 10000 |
| Weight, kg | 950. 1100 |
The power unit was installed on tractors T-150, T-153, T-157.
Brief overview of SMD models
The SMD 15N and 14N engines are not equipped with turbines and belong to the category of naturally aspirated engines. Thanks to the increased power indicators (68 hp), they have found application in such areas as:
- tractors "Yumz";
- road equipment (loaders, asphalt pavers, rollers);
- construction equipment.
Four-cylinder turbocharged diesel engines SMD-17N, 18N with a power of at least 100 horsepower are installed:
- on agricultural tractors Vg TZ, DT-75;
- forest modifications LHT-55 “OTZ”, TDT-55;
- ATEK excavators.
Is it possible to tune SMD engines?
According to experts, power units intended for agricultural machinery are not subject to improvements in order to improve power characteristics. This is because their design and manufacturing methods are designed to perform specific jobs under specific conditions. Any interference with the adjustments, settings and design of the SMD will lead to disruption of the balanced operation of the engine and the vehicle as a whole.
A wide range of SMD models has been created, differing in power characteristics. Various special equipment vehicles are equipped with the most suitable motor from the wide range available.
If you want to transform the appearance of the vehicle, you can use LED tuning.
Books for everyone
Repair manual, design manual, operating manual for SMD engines 14, 15, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 31, 60, 61, 62, 63, 64, 64, 66, 72, 73
manual is addressed to everyone who uses equipment on which the specified types of power units are installed, as well as to all repair specialists who have to deal with servicing such engines in practice.
Technical data of diesel engines: (chapter for reference)
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The SMD engine is a diesel engine, well known to workers at machine and tractor stations (MTS), which were widespread during the existence of the USSR. The production of these engines was mastered in 1958 at Kharkov (1881). Serial production of the family of SMD engines intended for aggregating various types of agricultural machinery (tractors, combines, etc.) was discontinued due to the cessation of the enterprise's activities (2003).
The line of these power units includes:
- 4-cylinder engines with in-line cylinders;
- inline 6-cylinder;
- V-shaped 6-cylinder units.
Moreover, any SMD motor has very high reliability. It is embedded in original design solutions, which, even by modern standards, provide a sufficient margin of operational safety for these motors.
Currently, SMD type power units are produced at the Belgorod Motor Plant (BMZ).
