Author Yovetlana asked a question in the Other
What is the name of the machine with a weight that breaks houses, as in the film “Well, just wait!”? and got the best answer
Answer from Andrey Shepel[guru] Dragline excavator with a ball ripper (ball ripper).
In general, 1933 was a turning point, read more.
Manual methods of dismantling old, dangerous buildings are giving way to mechanized methods, which use special equipment for demolition of buildings. For Rostov-on-Don (with a large number of dilapidated houses and high land costs), dismantling work is relevant, but is hampered by dense urban development.
Equipment for the demolition of old buildings and other types of structures
In Russian cities, dismantling using explosive demolition methods is prohibited.
Traditional equipment for demolition of buildings with weights (truck cranes, excavators) produces a large number of fragments and cannot cope with the dismantling of high-rise buildings and industrial structures. Demolition of old buildings with meter-thick brick walls and production workshops with metal frames is difficult. The main type of special equipment for dismantling has become a demolition excavator. Simple mechanisms with a short boom and a suspended metal ball are used in the demolition of low-rise (up to three floors) buildings.
Excavators with an extended (telescopic) boom and attachments (hydraulic hammer, hydraulic shears) are capable of destroying structures 20-25 meters high. A typical representative of special equipment is the Hyundai 320 destroyer. A crawler excavator with an eighteen-meter boom is capable of working with three-ton attachments. When equipped with a hydraulic hammer, the destroyer is successfully used to dismantle concrete and brick foundations 10-15 meters deep. High-altitude demolition excavators, such as the Hitachi ZX-670, perform work at heights of up to 40 meters.
Dismantling robots work with the same equipment, additionally equipped with rotary cutters and impactless concrete breakers. Small dimensions, remote control, and the absence of an operator allow the use of robots for dismantling in difficult, dangerous conditions.
Additional equipment used in dismantling work includes front-end loaders (transporting waste from the dismantling site), dump trucks for removing debris, processing complexes that crush construction waste on site. The HARTL mobile crusher processes up to two hundred tons of concrete and brick waste per hour. Fractions of 130-500 mm allow you to reuse up to 70% of recycled materials.
What does a sewer truck do?
Living in your own house, which has an autonomous sewer system, requires the services of a sewer when the drainage pit overflows. An overfilled septic tank makes the operation of the entire system difficult and contributes to its rapid failure. A family of several people calls a sewer truck on average three times a year. Pumping out does not cause difficulties when the machine has free access to the drainage pit.
Pumping out the contents of a septic tank is not the only use of a sewage disposal machine. For example, it is successfully used when carrying out repair work on sewer and water supply systems. It is also possible to simply pump out hot or dirty water from a cellar or basement.
Contracts for dismantling buildings
Special equipment for the demolition of residential buildings and industrial structures is produced by well-known brands Komatsu, Mercedes, Volvo, Liebherr, JCB, Metso Minerals, Crambo, Brokk, Hammel, Atlas Copco Krupp. There is no point in purchasing expensive equipment for one-time work; large construction trusts and specialized companies buy it. Dismantling city buildings requires a separate project, precise planning, selection of the optimal types of special equipment, and obtaining work permits. An agreement with a company specialized in dismantling in the urban conditions of Rostov-on-Don allows you to quickly and safely demolish a small private house, an ancient building, or a production workshop. Reputable companies have a fleet of their own equipment that allows them to:
- combine manual and mechanized disassembly methods;
- order stage-by-stage execution of operations;
- carry out a full cycle of dismantling (with removal of structures, crushing fragments, cleaning the territory);
- work in cramped conditions.
Basic demolition equipment
Excavators are mainly used for destruction and demolition. But they have a fundamental difference from earth-moving excavators: a longer boom and special attachments. Walls and ceilings made of brick or concrete are, of course, much stronger than soil, even frozen soil. And therefore, the main purpose of such equipment is to hit harder, crush it smaller, cut it on occasion, grab it better and pull it apart, etc. Here are the main mounted working units of these excavators:
- – special buckets;
- – hydraulic hammers;
- – hydraulic shears,
- – crushers and shredders;
- – hydraulic wedge;
- – grips.
The most evolved parts of demolition excavators are the booms. By increasing their length and using new materials and devices, the power capabilities of the arrows are increased.
European rating of good cars
The most indestructible cars, according to Europeans, are different from ours. In first place is the Toyota Camry, which almost never breaks down and is therefore highly valued by foreign buyers. Even a used copy is considered a bargain.
The Audi A4 rightfully takes second place, with its most indestructible suspension. The price is, of course, steep, but this machine is definitely worth the money, and will definitely work for it. Therefore, if you have the necessary amount to buy an Audi, you can take it without hesitation.
Third place was shared between Volvo and Mercedes-Benz, and not just any specific models, but all the cars of these automakers. Although let’s be honest, maintaining these prestigious cars is expensive.
Buckets for dismantling buildings
During demolition, two types of buckets are used: crushing and screening.
Crushing buckets are used to crush construction waste, concrete and reinforced concrete, etc. during the demolition process. They can be rotary or jaw. In rotary crushing occurs because the material falls on rotors rotating towards each other. The cheek ones destroy the material by hitting it with their cheeks coming together, that is, one cheek is fixed motionless, the other moves closer to it and moves away from it due to the connecting rod. The cheeks are a consumable and replaceable element of the bucket.
Screening buckets are put to work after crushing. Sorting occurs thanks to the rapid movement of gratings installed in the bucket. The soil is separated from construction waste directly into the body of one car, and construction waste into the body of another. The consumable and replaceable parts in these buckets are the grates.
Machines and equipment for laying single-layer asphalt
Laying single-layer asphalt is in many ways similar to laying multi-layer asphalt.
This article describes the machines and equipment needed to lay single-layer asphalt pavement.
Asphalt delivery vehicles
The asphalt concrete mixture (asphalt) is heated to a temperature of 130-150 degrees. Therefore, dump trucks are used to deliver asphalt. To deliver asphalt in urban areas, small and medium-tonnage dump trucks with a lifting capacity of up to 10 tons are used.
To deliver asphalt during single-layer paving, small-tonnage dump trucks are most often used. This is due to the fact that single-layer asphalt is used in limited areas - pedestrian paths, playgrounds, parking lots in front of small shops, where manual leveling and rolling of asphalt is required. When using asphalt pavers, the tonnage of dump trucks directly depends on the capacity of the paver hopper.
The photo shows a light KAMAZ dump truck.
KAMAZ is a light dump truck for asphalt delivery.
Hydraulic shears for demolition
Another name for hydraulic shears is concrete breakers. They look like huge scissors with teeth, and the jaws of the scissors are compressed and unclenched by hydraulic pistons. This device is multifunctional, it:
- – destroys concrete;
- – crushes concrete;
- - cuts metal.
Because of their versatility, they are often called hydraulic shears (multiprocessor). Specifically for each type of work, the scissors are equipped with replaceable jaws. The teeth wear out during operation, so they are consumable replaceable material, attached to the jaws with ordinary bolts.
Hydraulic shears cut concrete and reinforcement well, that is, they easily destroy reinforced concrete. But at the same time, the fractions of fragments turn out to be of very different sizes, some remain quite large. This work is called primary destruction.
Secondary destruction is carried out by so-called poshers, scissors to obtain smaller fractions. What is it for? Fine crushed concrete has a much higher bulk density, which is important during transportation. It is transported to other construction sites or mortar units for use as crushed stone. During the secondary processing of crushed concrete, sorting also occurs: concrete chips, reinforcement metal, etc. are separated and sent to their consumers.
Smart luxury: Mercedes-Benz S-Class
Mercedes -Benz is also working on self-driving cars. In terms of autonomy, the brand’s cars are not on par with Tesla or Audi, but are already very close to level 3 autonomy .
Now German cars have an Intelligent Drive , which receives all the necessary information from radar, cameras and sensors .
The machines in this series are capable of independently:
- process route information;
- regulate speed;
- stop if the driver has let go of the steering wheel or has fallen asleep;
- change lanes from lane to lane;
- stop when detecting obstacles.
Plans for the future : Now the company's engineers have a goal to make the Intelligent Drive more “independent”. The company plans to complete the development of a level 3 in 2022 .
Hydraulic wedge for destruction
If a reinforced concrete monolith is more than half a meter thick, then it is problematic to destroy it with a hydraulic hammer, and even more so with hydraulic shears. In this case, hydraulic wedges, which are fracturing systems, are ideally suited. The principle of their operation is as follows: first, holes are drilled with diamond bits into which hydraulic wedges are inserted; then linings are installed on two opposite sides along the wedges; Then the hydraulic station creates pressure on the pistons, which push the linings apart. The linings from the inside press on the monolith with a force of several tens of tons. It’s not just the concrete that breaks, it’s the reinforcement that breaks.
The advantages of this method of destruction are undeniable:
- – destruction is completely controlled by the operator;
- – high destruction power is not accompanied by increased noise and vibrations;
- - it is safe.
Rating of “The Most Frequently Broken Cars” According to Insurance Companies
We invite you to look at the rating “The Most Frequently Broken Cars” collected by insurance companies.
The most frequently broken compact cars
The most frequently broken golf cars
Toyota Corolla, Suzuki Baleno, and Honda Civic are considered reliable in this class.
The most unreliable business class cars
Business class cars BMW Z3, Toyota Avensis, Mercedes SLK, according to insurance companies, are considered more reliable and durable.
Undoubtedly, the leaders among the cars that break down most often are cars from domestic manufacturers. These are the models that were named among the most broken by service station mechanics.
We also recommend that you familiarize yourself with the list of cars that are most often stolen.
List of the most unreliable cars according to service station workers
And here is another rating of the most unreliable cars, compiled by German experts.
