Engine YaMZ 236: Adjustment and technical characteristics

Category: ENGINE

• History of the YaMZ 236 engine
• General information
• Technical characteristics of the YaMZ 236 engine
• Engine Modifications
• Engine adjustment

Of the diesel industrial units, the production of which started in the Soviet period, the YaMZ 236 engine belongs to the category of long-livers. In addition to the fact that the products have been produced for 50 years, the technologies and features used remain in demand today. The motor became the first product with the “V” layout produced at the Yaroslavl plant. The design is so successful that subsequent modifications with six cylinders were built using the original version as a basis.

The engine made the company that created the product a leader in the Russian diesel industry. The traction installation is still considered widespread in the countries of the commonwealth. YaMZ-236, a universal machine installed on trucks, tractors, combines and other equipment. The reliable, tenacious, unpretentious motor received a continuation for its merits, in the form of a dozen modifications. Considering the minimal number of problems that the unit creates for owners, in the future, the development strategy will remain the same, since such behavior is justified.

Motor YaMZ-236:

History of the YaMZ 236 engine

The development of the engine started in the fifties; the country's leadership set the task of modernizing the fleet of diesel units and creating a universal traction unit. The engine had to not only replace the outdated YaAZ-204 (206) models, but also be used in multi-directional vehicles. At that time, no product had such features.

The bet was made in favor of diesel units, since fuel efficiency was at the forefront, there was no suitable model in the country, the product was developed from scratch. Not everyone was able to cope with the requirements; a galaxy of designers was involved in the work, and the group was led by scientist G.D. Chernyshev. The bet worked, and a new product soon appeared. The characteristics of the YaMZ 236 engine were satisfactory and even exceeded expectations. A reliable, economical, unpretentious, durable device led mass production, marking the beginning of a line of diesel engines.

Even today, after so many years, there is no replacement in the country capable of repeating the path of the famous motor. New six-chamber diesel engines, based on the same YaMZ-236, modified to suit the latest social conditions. With a service life of 500,000 kilometers and a design in which the ease of solutions borders on the ideal, the engine is able to “give a head start” to its competitors. Looking at the situation from the outside, it is difficult to believe that the history that began back in 1962 continues, flourishes and influences current events.

YaMZ 238

The YaMZ 238 engine is presented in 14 main modifications, starting with the ND2 version, which differ in technical characteristics (power, presence of a turbo compressor, etc.).

The volume of the basic version of the YaMZ 238 engine is 14,866 cm? with external dimensions of 1366 mm x 1030 mm and height of 1059 mm. The weight of the unit ranges from 1130 kg to 1240 kg. In a large list of turbocharged modifications, several variants of turbochargers were used, and in atmospheric models, various fuel injection pumps were used. The minimum specific fuel consumption for the 238 series is 204 (150) g/kWh (g/hp·h). Real consumption on average starts from 38 liters. The volume of oil poured ranges from 29 liters for atmospheric modifications and 32 liters for turbocharged ones. The service life of the new engine, according to the passport, is from 8000 operating hours. Valve adjustment, according to the manufacturer's requirements, must be done every 500 operating hours.

Almost all naturally aspirated models in this series have the option of additionally installing a turbine as a tuning element.

General information

Over the operational period, the YaMZ 236 engine has proven that it is a reliable device that shows acceptable technical characteristics. The versatility and popularity of the motor is explained by the use of a number of design solutions. Thus, the installation is equipped with six cameras, divided into two groups and arranged in two parallel rows. The cylinders of adjacent rows are located in relation to each other with an inclination of 90°. During a cycle, the motor performs 4 strokes, creating a pressure equal to 16.5 atmospheres, the total volume of the chambers is 11 liters.

The power supply system for the traction unit uses a high-pressure mechanical fuel pump. The mixture is supplied directly inside using sprayers. The motor is equipped with two heads, the product has 12 valves (6-inlet, 6-exhaust). Together with silumin displacers and cast iron cylindrical surfaces, the product follows the operating order of the YaMZ 236 engine in the order “142536”.

Head:

For cooling, a liquid pump is used, which forcibly washes the “wet” cylinders. The device is activated by the crankshaft via a belt and pulley. The shaft is activated by gears and serves two heads. The part is made by forging, after which the necks are strengthened with nitrogen. The product is fixed in four supports and balanced by counterweights.

Taking into account the wishes and needs of the buyer, the engine develops power in the range of 150-500 horses. Early engines consume up to 40 liters of fuel per 100 km, but tuning and modifications made it possible to reduce this figure to 25 liters. Until 2010, the engine frame was made of cast iron, after which aluminum began to be used. This reduced weight and had a positive effect on performance.

Block:

Device

The power units of these series are distinguished by a fairly simple design, which greatly facilitates the performance of service and repair work. YaMZ engines are V-shaped diesel engines with six (236) or eight (238) cylinders, the power supply system of which is organized through a mechanical in-line fuel injection pump, located, like the intake manifolds, between the cylinders. The drive is carried out using a centrifugal clutch with automatic injection control. Each cylinder is served by a separate pump section.

The engines in this series are liquid cooled and equipped with an OHV valve train, two valves per cylinder, which are driven by the lower camshaft through rocker arms and rods with roller tappets.

One of the important differences between the engines of this series is the location of the crankpins. In modifications 238 they are at an angle of 90°, which ensures uniform flashes at this angle. The 236 modifications have a camber of 120°, which creates flares at 90° and 150°. The connecting rods of the power unit are offset, the intake and exhaust valves are equipped with two springs, the plates of which are connected to the valve through a special lock.

Motors of the 236/238 series are equipped with a combined wet sump lubrication system. The oil is supplied using a unified gear-type pump, which consists of two parts - radiator and discharge. One section is responsible for pumping lubricant into the engine system, and the second section carries it through the radiator.

Technical characteristics of the YaMZ 236 engine

During the existence of the unit, which is more than fifty years, 15 modifications have been created, differing in characteristics and purpose. Despite the extensive line, the basis of the motor does not change.

Specifications:

KrAZ-6505:

Engine YaMZ-236D

YaMZ-236 engines are the base models of the domestic manufacturer Yaroslavl Motor Plant . YaMZ-236 motors are made according to a single design scheme and differ in the number of cylinders. The adopted Y-shaped arrangement of cylinders is due to the desire to reduce the length of the engine and its weight, which contributes to a more rational layout and reduction in the weight of the car as a whole.

The YaMZ-236 D engine is a six-cylinder 4-stroke diesel engine with liquid cooling.

You can purchase from the Motor-Ru Company both complete Russian YaMZ engines, as well as components and spare parts for the YaMZ engine you need. You can submit a request in any form orders

You can also order and buy the YaMZ-236 D engine in a way convenient for you - by phone or by visiting our representative offices.

Diesel engines YaMZ-236 D for a wide range of applications as power units of cars and heavy-duty vehicles. YaMZ-236D diesel engines are installed in dump trucks and tractors of the Minsk and Kremenchug automobile plants, road construction equipment, buses, tractors T-150K-09, KhTZ-17221 - until 2004 (JSC "KhTZ", Kharkov), motor graders DZk-250 , DZk-250-0 (JSC Kryukov Carriage-Building Plant, Kremenchug), combines, electrical units , pumping units and compressor stations . on the chassis MAZ and KrAZ vehicles : truck cranes, pumping stations, drilling rigs, fuel tankers, cement tankers. .

Table of main technical parameters of YaMZ-236 D engines

* Detailed technical characteristics of YaMZ-236 and YaMZ-238 engines

Table of modifications of YaMZ-236 engines

YaMZ-236D motors from the Yaroslavl plant are equipped with gearboxes and clutches. oil for YaMZ-236 D is diesel in accordance with GOST 5304-54 and 8581-63 with the additive VNII NP-360 in an amount of 6-8%: in winter DP-8 and DS-8, and in summer DP-11 and DS-11.

Design features and technical characteristics of YaMZ-236 diesel engines:

• Cylinder camber angle equal to 90°
• Two interchangeable cylinder heads
• Full support crankshaft with a common crankpin for each pair of connecting rods
• Centrally located camshaft of the gas distribution system and oscillating roller valve tappets
• Split type fuel equipment
• Cylinder arrangement: double row at an angle of 90°
• Cylinder diameter: 130 mm
• Piston stroke: 140 mm
• Cylinder displacement: 11.15 liters
• Compression ratio: 16.5
• Rated power: 175-195 horsepower

Engine adjustment

To ensure reliable operation of the unit throughout its service life, the equipment is serviced and consumables are changed. First, it is recommended to study the motor diagram in order to know exactly the location and settings of the main components. Dismantling, disassembling, and assembling a traction unit outside a garage is problematic, since diesel engines need to be kept clean. The device can be configured and adjusted, but for this purpose special equipment or stands are used, such procedures include:

• Adjusting engine valves;
• Motor clutch balancing;
• Adjusting the engine fuel mixture by creating pressure with a pump;
• Replacing motor lubrication.

Service maintenance

The service interval for 236/238 series engines is 20,000-25,000 km. The planned maintenance package includes the following operations to preserve the original condition of parts:

• Replacing lubricants
• Adjustment of valves
• Replacing or cleaning a set of filters (depending on the modification of the power unit, the set may include: an air filter, an exhaust eco-filter, elements of primary and fine fuel purification, filters for coarse and fine oil purification)
• Cleaning the injectors
• Injection pump adjustments
• Related engine maintenance operations.

Other parts and mechanisms of the power unit must be replaced if they fail. Standard repair procedures include:

• Disassembling the motor using a pneumatic tool
• Diagnostics of node status
• Grinding of rubbing surfaces (cylinder block, crankshaft, etc.)
• Cleaning parts in a bath of hot kerosene
• Reassembling the power unit in reverse order

has a specialized service for diagnostics and repair of diesel power units and fuel equipment. The presence of appropriate stands and equipment allows us to perform a full range of maintenance work on both 236/238 series engines and other engines produced by YaMZ.