Technical characteristics of MTZ 82: equipment, device

MTZ-82 "Belorus" tractors are produced by the Minsk Plant and are necessary for performing work with trailers, semi-mounted and mounted tools in various fields of activity. The dimensions of the MTZ-82 tractor are 3.83 x 1.97 x 2.78 m; a D-243 or D-245 diesel engine is installed as a power unit. The equipment is considered universal and has a class of 1.4. The model is used for the following main tasks:

• plowing and cultivation of land;
• sowing and harvesting;
• fertilizer treatment;
• towing equipment;
• loading and unloading operations;
• garbage and snow removal.

“Belorus” equipment has become widespread in the fields of agriculture, forestry and public utilities due to the ability to operate the machine with various loading and unloading mechanisms.

Nominal values

The MTZ 82 series equipment belongs to class 1.4 and is equipped with an 81 hp engine. The maximum transport speed of the MTZ tractor is 82 – 35 km/h. The main purpose of the machine is to perform agricultural work using various types of attachments. When determining the nominal performance of this tractor, stubble work is taken as a basis. The speed of the MTZ 82 tractor depends on the gear engaged. The table shows data calculated for a vehicle with a rear wheel rolling radius of 730 mm, excluding slipping.

Service Belarus 82

To maintain the tractor in good and working condition, as well as to increase its durability, it is necessary to perform maintenance. Such maintenance is divided according to the frequency and number of operations performed:

• TO-1 - after 60 operating hours;
• TO-2 - after 240 operating hours;
• TO-3 - every 960 engine hours.

During maintenance, in addition to the Belarus 80, the MTZ 82 requires additional work on disassembling, lubrication, and adjusting the final drives of the front axle.

Therefore, to perform operations, machine operators study instructions on how to disassemble and how much to service the final drive of the front axle.

The maintainability of the Belarus 82 is ensured by the availability of spare parts due to long-term operation, unification with other models of Minsk tractors (including MTZ 622), as well as the availability of disassembly, repair, and subsequent assembly of a large number of tractor units (power unit, attachments, PTO, clutch , electrical equipment, steering, gearbox, etc.).

Such maintainability, increased cross-country ability, versatility, simple design, efficiency, cost are still factors in the demand for the Minsk Belarus 82 tractor.

Switching gears of the MTZ 82 tractor

The gearbox of the MTZ 82 model is designed for 9 forward and 2 reverse speeds, as well as one neutral gear. Due to the reduction gearbox it is possible to double this figure. The switching pattern is somewhat different from a similar circuit on a regular car. It is possible to change modes using one lever.

How the gears are switched on the MTZ 82 tractor:

• turn on the engine at idle speed;
• press the clutch pedal all the way;
• enable mode: downward or upward;
• return the handle to the neutral position;
• select one of the gears, depending on the pre-selected mode: in downshifts 1, 3, 4, 5 speeds and low back work, in upshifts – 2, 6, 8, 7 and high in reverse;
• To select modes while driving, perform a sequence of actions: from downshift to upshift, move the handle up to the left, which puts it in the neutral position. Then they switch to boost mode and select the speed;
• The ninth direct transmission is available in any gearbox mode.

When selecting modes and speeds, use double clutch release. When driving on the first squeeze, move the lever to the neutral position, and on the second, select the speed.

Units and systems Belarus 82

Engine

The first tractors produced were equipped with a D 240 diesel engine. But if the power of this engine is 78.0 hp. With. acceptable for the Belarus 80 model, it was not enough for the all-wheel drive version.

Therefore, in the mid-eighties, the MTZ 82 began to be equipped with a new in-line, four-cylinder power unit D 243 with modified technical characteristics.

It had a power of 81.0 hp. pp., economical operating mode and lighter weight. The base fuel consumption was 230 g/(kW h).

Table No. 1. Fuel consumption in operating modes

These indicators confirm the economical use of the tractor. The motor is also characterized by low oil consumption.

To do this, use the engine oil recommended by the manufacturer, and also monitor and perform timely replacement of the oil and oil filter, monitor the serviceability of the pressure sensor, since untimely replacement or lack of oil leads to breakdown of the D 243.

The oil volume in the engine device is 12 cubic meters. dm (weight 11.2 kg), and the shift frequency is 250 hours.

To maintain an economical operating mode, as well as a long, reliable engine life, it is necessary to perform timely valve adjustments on the power unit.

The frequency of valve adjustment on the tractor is 480 operating hours. Moreover, thanks to the repairable design of the diesel engine, the machine operator performs such adjustments manually.

When adjusting the valves, the order corresponds to the operation pattern of the cylinders, and in correctly adjusted valves on the MTZ 82, the gap does not exceed 0.25 mm.

An electric starter is used to start the engine. Moreover, despite the characteristics and power of the engine, it is characterized by difficulties when starting in the cold season.

To facilitate such starting, an engine preheater is used. Modern manufactured versions of Belarusian tractors have a special connector in the internal combustion engine cylinder block for connecting such a heater.

It has a power of 1.8 watts, operates from a 220-volt network, and heats the engine coolant to 50-60 degrees in 20-25 minutes.

Cabin

Initially, Belarus 82 was equipped with a small cabin. The initial use of the small cabin helped to quickly master the production of the tractor. Relative advantages are:

• simplicity of design;
• light weight;
• small dimensions.

This made it easy to remove the cabin and carry out the necessary repairs in rural workshops. Such a cabin had many more disadvantages. It did not provide comfortable working conditions for the operator:

• lack of cladding, resulting in low noise insulation and poor dust protection;
• insufficient glass dimensions and the height of the rear window did not allow for a high-quality view;
• lack of a standard heater;
• poor quality of the electrical circuit of the instrument panel.

In the mid-eighties, the plant began producing MTZ 82 with a larger cabin. But until this time, machine operators independently, by hand, made changes to the design. These works (tuning) were carried out according to pictures and diagrams of already modified cabins.

Such operations include:

• installation of a homemade heater;
• installation of felt sheathing;
• use of enlarged side mirrors;
• installing a homemade rear window wiper.

The tuning of the old cabin, carried out independently, introduced local changes to the working conditions of machine operators, so the release of a new modification with a large cabin increased comfort, and as a result, the productivity of machine operators.

Transmission and steering Belarus 82

To perform agricultural work and other operations, in addition to a reliable and economical engine, the MTZ 82 has a mechanical transmission. The composition includes the following elements and components:

• clutch;
• manual transmission;
• transfer case;
• hydraulic speed reducer;
• rear all-wheel drive axle with final drives and differential;
• front drive axle with final drives, self-locking differential,
• rear PTO.

Features of the transmission include the use of a hydraulic version as a creeper, not a mechanical version, as on the Belarus 80. The operating principle of the device is to use a special hydraulic motor and a regulator with a safety valve, which carry out a given rotation of the shaft of the required manual transmission transmission.

The main advantages are all-wheel drive and increased cross-country ability, which also depends on the size of the wheels used. The standard front wheel tire size is 11.2 – 20, where;

• 11.2 - profile width;
• 20 — front disc mounting diameter (in inches).

The standard rear wheel size is 15.5R38. Sometimes, depending on the specialization or use of the tractor, for example, for processing melons, wheels may be 9.5-42, while the front wheels are also changed to narrow ones.

The all-wheel drive used requires a lot of effort on the steering wheel, despite the use of power steering.

Therefore, the steering control of the old MTZ 82 model was often independently modified by machine operators to install a special dispenser with a pump.

This connection scheme reduced the effort on the steering wheel, simplified maintenance, and increased the service life of the steering system.

In addition, the redesigned MTZ 82 steering device from power steering to a dispenser reduced the possibility of malfunctions.

During the conversion work, a special kit for the steering meter was used.

Hydraulic system

A hydraulic system is required to connect specialized equipment to Belarus 82.1 MTZ. The main mechanisms are:

• hydraulic pump;
• distributor;
• hydraulic cylinders;
• hydraulic booster;
• hydraulic accumulator;
• power regulator;
• pipelines, fittings, hydraulic filter;
• hydraulic oil tank.

One of the important elements of the hydraulic system is the pump, which creates the necessary flow of working fluid in the system. The MTZ 82 is equipped with an NSh 32 pump; it provides a capacity of 45 liters of oil per minute, driven by a special wool rear power take-off shaft.

For reliable operation, use hydraulic oil recommended by the manufacturer, and also replace the hydraulic filter in a timely manner.

Gearbox device

Among the key components of the MTZ 82 tractor, the gearbox occupies an important place in the design. It is designed not only to select speed, but also to change traction forces and the direction of movement of the equipment.

The MTZ 82 tractor gearbox operates in a range of 9 forward and 2 reverse gears. It is complemented by a built-in gearbox, thanks to which the operating range is doubled. The box includes several shafts:

• primary;
• secondary;
• intermediate;
• low gears;
• reverse.

The gears are switched on by moving gears on each shaft. To support the shafts, bearings, roller bearings, bushings, thrust rings and cups are provided. The design includes an oil sump and a clutch mechanism.

The MTZ 82 tractor gearbox is characterized by increased reliability. When servicing it, you must follow the rules:

• avoid increased loads on transmission components;
• observe the timing of replacement of lubricating fluids;
• carry out timely maintenance.

Full technical specifications

• Developer – Minsk Tractor Plant
• Operating weight – 4000 kg
• Permissible weight (total) – 6500 kg
• Wheelbase – 2450 mm
• Tractor dimensions, mm: Length – 3930, Width – 1970, Height – 2800
• Front wheel track dimensions – 1430-19990 mm
• Rear wheel track dimensions – 1400-2100 mm
• Ground clearance – 465 mm
• Front tire sizes – 11.2-20
• Rear tire sizes – 15.5R38
• Ground pressure – 140 kPa
• Fuel tank capacity – 130 liters
• Transport speed – 34 km/h
• Load capacity – 3200 kg
• Engine – diesel, MMZ, D-243, four-stroke, naturally aspirated, four-cylinder
• Engine displacement – ​​4.7 liters
• Revolutions per minute – 2200 rpm
• Power – 82 horsepower
• Torque – 298 N/m
• Torque reserve – 15%
• Generator power – 1150 kW
• On-board power supply voltage – 12 V
• Power take-off – independent, with modes 500-1000 rpm
• Hydraulic system - with gear pump with a capacity of 45 liters per minute
• Wheel arrangement – ​​all-wheel drive (4x4)
• Possibility of installing dual wheels - yes.

Attachments

This model is universal; accordingly, its towing device supports the installation of a large number of attachments. These can be seeders, plows, cultivators, harrows, rippers, hay sweepers, tedders, trailers, dumps, loaders, buckets, vacuum cleaners, tanks, sweepers, drills, excavator attachments and much more.

With the help of attachments, a Belarus-82 tractor turns into a completely different type of equipment, for example:

• backhoe loader;
• chain excavator;
• transport vehicle;
• snow blower;
• road construction equipment;
• mower;
• brush cutter;
• hole digger.

And this is not a complete list of the capabilities that this unique tractor has.

What jobs is the machine used for?

Primarily on agricultural operations: plowing, harrowing, sowing, cultivation, processing of plantings, harvesting green mass, harvesting and removal of crops.

More than 200 types of additional trailed and mounted equipment are produced. This expands the functions of the machine for use in manufacturing, utilities, and transport areas. A bulldozer blade, road milling machine, excavator equipment, and a drilling rig are mounted on the tractor. The carrying capacity of the MTZ 80 on the canopy axle is 3.2 tons. The machine is approved for travel on public roads, which makes it a mobile towing trailer with cargo.

Cabin and trim

By cabin:

1. The frame is reinforced and connected via vibration absorbers.
2. In terms of noise and dust insulation, thermal insulation, and vibration levels, the cabin meets the requirements of the European standard due to high tightness and an improved insulating insert between the cabin and the engine compartment.
3. Front visibility has been increased by moving the exhaust pipe along the right pillar of the frame.
4. The battery compartment is located outside the cabin.
5. The updated cabin roof is equipped with a hatch.
6. The microclimate in the cabin is provided by a standard air conditioner and a fan-heater with an air filter.
7. Adjustable driver's seat with air shock absorber.

The outer cladding has a modern design, headlights and lighting fixtures are LED, the engine compartment hood is of the alligator type (the front edge of the hood rises), the front wheel fenders are plastic, the traction characteristics and the tractor's travel over uneven terrain are improved due to the installed larger front wheels.

In conclusion, we note that one of the latest versions of the Belarus tractor in the 1.4 t towing class, presented by the Minsk Tractor Plant and of particular interest, is the MTZ 742 tractor. The concept of the model fully satisfies the requirements of European standards and is aimed at successfully competing in the global agricultural machinery market .

Features of the hydraulic suspension system

Unlike the latest version of the MTZ 82.1, the MTZ 82.3 abandoned the traditional inconvenient placement of the distributor between the cabin and the engine compartment. For comfortable connection to hydraulic units, the unit is located on the outside of the rear wall of the cabin and has a cable drive for controlling the sections. The levers themselves have been moved from the front wall of the cab to the side control panel on the driver’s right hand.

The tractor is equipped with a reinforced, modernized rear linkage, similar to that installed on the MTZ 1221. The hitch is equipped with a lift-type coupling device; for convenient adjustment, the left and right braces have handles for rotating the adjusting screws.