Brands of trucks and trucks: list of all brand names

In Russia, annually more than half of all freight transport is carried out by road transport - 68.1% in 2022 according to Rosstat. Unlike other types of transport, trucks are more maneuverable and are able to deliver cargo “door to door.” When transporting in certain directions, road transport is not only the cheapest and fastest, but also the only delivery method.

In order for transportation to be economically profitable and the cargo to remain safe throughout the entire route, it is necessary to use suitable equipment. Let's look at the main types of trucks and semi-trailers to determine what kind of transport is needed for a particular type of cargo transportation.

Classification of trucks

For the transportation of goods by motor transport enterprises, freight rolling stock is used: trucks and car trailers of various carrying capacities (flatbeds, dump trucks, vans, including isothermal ones, tanks and others), off-road vehicles, tractor-trailers with semi-trailers.
This part of the transport network also has its own branched structure. Freight road transport ranks first in the field of cargo transportation. The widespread distribution and demand for freight vehicles in the field of cargo transportation and the provision of transport services has brought it to a leading position.

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Compared to rail, air or sea transport, trucks are ready to transport any type of cargo from a railway station, seaport, airport or warehouse to the unloading point. City, regional, intercity and international transportation of goods is carried out mainly by trucks, which transport various goods and goods from one point of the country to another.

What vehicles can be considered trucks?

Trucks are considered to be vehicles whose main purpose is cargo transportation. It is not for nothing that in Western countries, in particular the USA, the word truck is understood as pickup trucks - jeeps with an open body. After all, they are also called upon to transport goods. Thus, trucks include not only category “C” vehicles, but also more compact vehicles - vans on passenger chassis, for example.

Based on the purpose of creating these vehicles - transporting goods - all trucks are commercial vehicles. They can be equipped with open or closed bodies of various shapes and configurations. They can move cargo in a trailer or transport them in a hitch. But do not confuse the concepts of trucks and special equipment. Although some trucks belong to special-purpose equipment, for example, a concrete mixer or a crane.

Classification of trucks by type

The range of transported goods is very wide and has different properties. To transport various types of cargo, a certain type of freight vehicle is required that is suitable for cargo transportation. Classification of trucks by type and characteristics greatly facilitates the process of selecting trucks for transporting certain types of cargo. The article “Classification and types of trucks” will help you understand the characteristics of trucks and understand what trucks are intended for.

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Korean auto industry

The best solution combining reasonable price and excellent quality. Cars from this country usually have a reliable design. They have a very high working life, so they will not break down for a long time even after driving on Russian roads. They are considered more reliable than Japanese or European ones; malfunctions occur much less frequently. The best Korean brands are Hyundai, Tata Daewoo and KIA.

CLOSED BODY Trucks with a closed body

Closed body types are trucks in which the cargo compartment is completely enclosed. Such vehicles are suitable for transporting more demanding cargo, the range of which is more diverse compared to open vehicles:

Tilt body

Tent (awning) are specific cars that can be equipped with additional accessories. Their peculiarity is the presence of an awning, which can be removed in order to load or unload cargo and use the vehicle as an open area;

All metal van

An all-metal van is a van with a supporting frame that simultaneously houses both the body and the cabin. This van is characterized by greater strength and reliability;

Manufactured goods van

A manufactured goods van is a van with a closed body designed for transporting goods that do not have special requirements for temperature conditions during transportation;

Isothermal van

Isothermal (isotherm) is a type of truck without a refrigeration unit. Isothermal vans can maintain the temperature of the loaded cargo and ensure the stability of cargo transportation for a certain time;

Reefer van

A refrigerator (refrigerator, refrigerator, fire truck) is a type of truck that is distinguished by the presence of a refrigeration or freezing unit to maintain a precise temperature regime ranging from +12 to -20 ℃ for the entire duration of cargo transportation;

Utility minibus

A minibus is a universal vehicle that can be a cargo vehicle, where there is one row of seats, seats from 1 to 3, the body is metal, and the cargo compartment is separate. A minibus can be cargo-passenger or passenger;

Garbage truck

A garbage truck (garbage vehicle, MA) is a specialized vehicle designed for collecting, compacting, transporting and unloading garbage.

Livestock truck

A livestock truck is a type of truck that is used in agriculture and livestock farming to transport cattle, small ruminants and other animals;

Container ship

A container ship is a special truck, trailer or semi-trailer that is designed for transporting sea and rail containers of various lengths and volumes on public roads;

Tank truck

A tank is a truck that uses a container for transporting liquid cargo instead of a body. The tank capacity is a closed container designed for transportation and short-term storage of liquid cargo.

Truck brands from the USA

The United States is home to the largest factories on the planet. These include timber trucks, trucks, and other types of specialized equipment.

Mack Trucks

Former bus and trolleybus manufacturer who currently produces heavy trucks. It has a fairly wide range designed for different business tasks. Typically, products are loved for their stylish design and comfortable interior. Mak Trucks cars are characterized by high aerodynamics, powerful engines, despite which fuel consumption is very low. Although cargo vehicles are larger in size, they have better maneuverability, which allows you to drive on roads with sharp bends. Good visibility into the cab allows for complete control of movement.

Freightliner Trucks

The company produces both hooded and hoodless cars. Uses diesel engines from Cummins and Caterpillar in its design. The brand's products can be recognized by their deep blue color. The company was founded in 1942, and since then its products have become widespread not only in North America, but throughout the world. A distinctive feature of Freightliner Trucks is the presence of an EGR system. It allows you to regulate the circulation of exhaust gases, due to which cars of this brand can be classified as highly environmentally friendly.

Kenworth

This company's product range includes about 10 models designed for various purposes. Tractors, cargo platforms and chassis are equipped with PACCAR engines with an updated cruise control system. These units have built-in computers that select optimal operating modes by analyzing terrain and weather conditions. This system makes the car well-controlled and safe. Serial long-haul tractors and dump trucks are equipped with Powertrain power units with dual drive tandems (axles) of our own production.

OPEN BODY Trucks with open body

Trucks and vehicles that are designed for transporting unpretentious cargo have an open body type. Such cargo is not afraid of environmental factors and does not need protection from rain, snow or sun.

Onboard

A flatbed is a truck in which the body is open and the sides can be folded down. The advantage and reason for the popularity of flatbed vehicles is that it is possible to unload from all sides (top, side, rear);

Dump truck

A dump truck is a self-unloading cargo vehicle, trailer or semi-trailer with a body (usually a bunker type) mechanically (usually hydraulically) tilted for unloading cargo or with forced unloading (for example, an auger). There are also dump trucks, for unloading which the entire vehicle is tilted using telescopic lifts;

Crane arm

A loader crane is a lifting machine designed to perform loading and unloading operations and, in most cases, further transportation of goods.

Car transporter

A car carrier (motor transporter) is a specialized vehicle designed for transporting cars, motorhomes, motorcycles and other wheeled vehicles. A car transporter consists of a tractor and a special trailer (semi-trailer);

Timber truck

A timber carrier is a lightning vehicle that is designed to transport logs and lumber. Timber carriers differ from log carriers, which transport long, elongated loads;

Trawl

A trawl is a low-bed semi-trailer with three to seven axles. Trawls are specially designed for the transportation of oversized cargo, trying to minimize the loading height;

Panel truck

A panel carrier is a platform with a structure installed on it, on which wall panels, ceilings or partitions can be securely fixed for transportation;

Open area

An open platform is a truck that is an open platform without sides and a flat floor. A truck with an open platform can transport cargo that is not afraid of wind, precipitation and temperature fluctuations.

Domestic manufacturers

Not all drivers love the Russian auto industry, but this is not always true. Our factories produce high-quality large-sized vehicles, while maintaining affordable prices. In addition, components for them are much easier to find than for foreign cars.

KamAZ

The well-known heavy trucks are products of the Kama Automobile Plant, created 60 years ago. This is the largest production of freight transport in Russia. It also produces buses, combines, tractors, and heavy special equipment. It occupies 50% of our market, and is in demand in forty countries around the world. The KamAZ line includes flatbed trucks, isothermal trucks, container carriers, timber carriers, refrigerators, dump trucks, chassis, and off-road tractors. Most often they can be found on our roads and production facilities.

GAS

The Gorky Automobile Plant is responsible for the production of this brand. The specialization is slightly narrower than that of KamAZ, it includes light and medium-duty commercial vehicles, buses and special equipment. One of the main advantages of the plant is its own design department, where the most popular GAZ models are modified taking into account modern technologies and requirements for the quality and reliability of the car. This company has a large number of branches not only in Russia, but also in the CIS countries and abroad. Its products, unlike foreign analogues, have a more affordable price, although the quality is no worse.

ZIL

Produced by the Likhachev Automobile Plant, which specializes in the production of trucks weighing from 7 to 14 tons. It was on it that at one time many developments appeared, without which it is almost impossible to imagine a modern car design: a hydraulic brake drive, an eight-cylinder engine, a radio receiver, a hypoid final drive, power windows and a four-chamber carburetor. This brand is not as popular as others, especially in Russia, but it is one of the few that produces special bunker and grain trucks.

UralAZ

Produces heavy-duty all-wheel drive vehicles with wheel arrangements “4x4”, “6x6”, “8x8”. The products of the Urals are vehicles with high cross-country ability, especially in demand for transporting particularly heavy loads, for example, timber, stone, large building materials and other things. They are used for long-distance deliveries not only in Russia, but also in America, Africa and Asia.

Classification of trucks according to basic parameters

By groups

• Group I - Onboard vehicles (general purpose vans);
• Group II - Specialized (dump trucks, vans, refrigerators, container ships, truck tractors with semi-trailers, ballast tractors with trailers);
• Group III - (conditionally) tank cars.

By number of axes

• Biaxial;
• Triaxial;
• Four-axle;
• Five-axis and more.

Trucks and other special equipment can have two, three, four, five or more axles to perform various transport tasks. You must understand that when transporting heavy loads, it is necessary to maintain the integrity of the road surface. For this reason, a limit is set on the maximum axle load of vehicles on various roads.

By axle loads (on the most loaded axle)

• Up to 6 tons inclusive;
• Over 6 to 10 tons inclusive.

According to the wheel formula

• 4x2;
• 4x4;
• 6x4;
• 6x6;
• 8x2;
• 8x4.

The wheel formula is indicated by two numbers. The first number indicates the total number of wheels, and the second number indicates the number of driving wheels on the vehicle.

By composition

• Single vehicle;
• Road train consisting of:
• Trailer vehicle;
• Semi-trailer vehicle.

By engine type

• Petrol;
• Diesel;
• Gas;
• Electric.

By load capacity

• Small from 500 kilograms to 2 tons;
• Average from 2 to 5 tons;
• Large from 5 to 16 tons;
• Extra large from 16 tons and above.

By gross weight

• up to 1.2 tons;
• from 1.2 to 2 tons;
• from 2 to 8 tons;
• from 8 to 14 tons;
• from 14 to 20 tons;
• from 20 to 40 tons;
• over 40 tons.

By body type

By category

Category N - Trucks

• Category N1 - Vehicles intended for the transportation of goods, having a technically permissible maximum weight of no more than 3.5 tons;
• Category N2 - Vehicles intended for the transportation of goods, having a technically permissible maximum weight of over 3.5 tons, but not more than 12 tons;
• Category N3 - Vehicles intended for the transport of goods, having a technically permissible maximum weight of more than 12 tons.

Category O - Trailers

• Category O1 - Trailers, the technically permissible maximum weight of which is not more than 0.75 tons;
• Category O2 - Trailers with a technically permissible maximum weight of more than 0.75 tons, but not more than 3.5 tons;
• Category O3 - Trailers with a technically permissible maximum weight of more than 3.5 tons, but not more than 10 tons;
• Category O4 - Trailers with a technically permissible maximum weight of more than 10.

Classification of vehicles according to the Technical Regulations of the Customs Union

This variety of classification methods is explained by the need to isolate individual parameters of vehicles to select the latter when transporting goods based on the optimal combination of efficiency, delivery speed, commercial suitability, safety, capacity, carrying capacity, etc. The list of listed reasons is approximate, since it can be continued based on certain functional purposes of vehicles, their operational characteristics, the specifics of the goods transported, etc.

Currently, the designations adopted in the international safety requirements (UNECE Regulations) developed by the Inland Transport Committee of the UN Economic Commission for Europe are becoming increasingly widespread. In accordance with the above Rules, the following international classification of cargo vehicles has been adopted:

UNECE classification of motor vehicles

Along with the new international classification, our country also uses the industry standard OH 025 270-66, which regulates the classification and designation system of vehicles. The rolling stock was assigned designations in accordance with factory registers, including both the letter designations of the manufacturer and the serial number of the rolling stock model. Factory designations of rolling stock are still practiced for a number of models, including specialized and special-purpose vehicles. In accordance with the standard OH 025 270-66, the following ATS designation system was adopted.

The 1st digit indicates the vehicle class:

For passenger cars by engine displacement (in liters or cubic dm):

• 11 - especially small (volume up to 1.1 liters);
• 21 - small (from 1.1 to 1.8 liters);
• 31 - medium (from 1.8 to 3.5 liters);
• 41 - large (over 3.5 liters);
• 51 - highest (working volume is not regulated).

For buses by overall length in meters:

• 22 - extra small (length up to 5.5);
• 32 - small (6.0 - 7.5);
• 42 - average (8.5 - 10.0);
• 52 - large (11.0 - 12.0);
• 62 - especially large;
• (articulated) (16.5 - 24.0).

For trucks by gross weight:

Note: Classes from 18 to 78 are reserved and are not included in the indexing.

The 2nd digit indicates the type of vehicle: 3 - flatbed truck or pickup truck; 4 — truck tractor; 5 - dump truck; 6 - tank truck; 7 - van; 8 - reserve digit; 9 - special vehicle. The 3rd and 4th digits of the indices indicate the serial number of the model; 5th digit - vehicle modification; 6th digit - type of execution: 1 - for cold climates; 6 — export version for temperate climates; 7 - export version for tropical climates.

Which transport is most often used when transporting goods?

The most popular types of trucks for road transport are trucks. This is a tractor unit with a semi-trailer. But these cars are not one type of transport. Depending on the model, these can be curtain-sided or tilt semi-trailers. Refrigeration units are also classified as trucks.

But if you look at urban road transportation, the clear leader here will be a small-tonnage (up to 3.5 tons) tilt truck like GAZelle. Its advantages are the relatively low cost of “entry” into the market, maneuverability in urban conditions and the absence of special requirements, including the ability to control with category B power steering.

All-metal versions of light commercial vehicles, vans and pickups are in good demand. Which also do not require change for category C. This is especially related to the popularization of online shopping and delivery of orders to pick-up points of various online stores and marketplaces.

Regions of demand: where were LCVs and trucks purchased most often?

Classified experts not only calculated the average cost of trucks and light commercial vehicles, but also determined the circle of subjects of the Russian Federation where they were most actively interested in this transport and made the most transactions.

What’s interesting is that in both cases, the first two lines of the rating were seriously ahead of their closest pursuers: if the share of demand in the two leading regions was more than 10%, then the remaining participants in the top five showed results within 4–5%.

At the same time, the top 5 for each category turned out to be quite individual, albeit with some overlaps.

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