MAZ - gearbox: design, characteristics, principle of operation. Maz 64229 how to change gears

The MAZ gear shift pattern depends on the type of gearbox installed on various models of MAZ cars. If you have MAZ 64229, MAZ 54323 cars, then they have a YaMZ 238A gearbox installed. It is a combination of a 4-speed gearbox and a two-stage range. That is, in fact, this gearbox is eight-speed.

The gear shift diagram for MAZ models MA3 555I, MA3 53371, MAZ 5337, MAZ 5433, MA3 54331 is different. After all, the YaMZ 236P gearbox installed on these machines is five-speed. Among other things, some MAZ models are equipped with imported gearboxes that are adapted for the engines installed on MAZs. Such an example is the ZF 16S-1650, which has 16 steps, the ZF “Ecomid” 9S 1310 has 9 steps. These boxes are distinguished by the highest quality workmanship, great reliability, but at the same time, high-quality technical service.

Such different gearboxes, depending on car modifications, are made for a reason. This makes it easier to control, improves efficiency and increases the service life of the engine and gearbox mechanisms.

In order for the gearbox to serve for a long time, it is not enough to follow the MAZ gear shift pattern. It also needs to be properly maintained. Carry out all necessary routine maintenance to maintain the gearbox in good condition in a timely manner. The oil must be changed according to the instructions. Drain in a heated state through both holes in the pan. To flush the MAZ gearbox, you must use spindle oil. After this, we start the engine and “drive” it for 10 minutes. After this, drain the spindle and fill it with new one according to the map. It is strictly forbidden to wash the gearbox with kerosene or diesel fuel if you do not want the oil pump to break.

The gearbox drive of the Maz-5516, Maz-5440, 64229, Maz-54323, 54329 and YaMZ-239 vehicles is shown in Figure 4.

During operation, if necessary, the following adjustments to the gearbox drive are made:

— adjustment of the lever position in the longitudinal direction;

— adjusting the position of the lever in the transverse direction;

— adjustment of the locking device of the telescopic drive elements.

The procedure for adjusting the control of the YaMZ-239 gearbox of Maz-5516, Maz-5440, 64229, Maz-54323, 54329 vehicles is as follows:

— set lever 2 to neutral position;

— by longitudinally moving the plate 16 with the bolts 17 released, set the angle a of the lever 1;

— by changing the length of rod 3, set the angle.

If the travel of the plate 16 or the adjustment range of the rod 3 is insufficient, loosen the bolts 5, move or rotate the rod 6 relative to the shank 4, tighten the bolts 5 and repeat the adjustment of angles a, b, as indicated above.

Angle a should be 80°, angle b should be 90°.

Adjust the locking device of the telescopic elements of the YaMZ-239 gearbox of Maz-5516, Maz-5440, 64229, Maz-54323, 54329 vehicles with the cab raised as follows:

— unpin pin 8 and disconnect rod 6 from fork 9 of the gearbox drive lever;

— loosen locknut 13 and unscrew shank 14 until the thread stops;

— push the internal rod 6 until the protrusions of the earring 12 stop into the grooves of the tip 15;

— holding the mechanism in a compressed state, screw in the shank until the mechanism is locked by bushing K) under the influence of spring 11:

— tighten locknut 13, check the smooth operation of the locking mechanism. When the mechanism is locked, axial and angular play should be minimal.

In the unlocked position, bushing 10 is shifted to the left. The movement of the extension rod must be smooth, without jamming, and the locking mechanism must ensure clear fixation of the extension rod in its original position.

When connecting rod 6 to fork 9, the hole in the shackle for pin 8 should be located above the longitudinal axis of rod 6. Adjust the drive when the engine is not running.

When the cabin is raised, oil under pressure from the cabin lift pump is supplied through hose 7 to the cylinder of the locking device and mechanism 6 is unlocked.

After lowering the cab, to securely fix the telescopic mechanism 6 in the locked position, it is necessary to move the gear shift lever 1 forward along the vehicle in a movement similar to engaging a gear. In this case, the mechanism is blocked and is then ready for work.

Gearshift diagram of the Maz-5516, Maz-5440, 64229, Maz-54323, 54329 and YaMZ-239 vehicles, see Figure 5.

Fig.4. Control drive for the YaMZ gearbox of Maz-5516, 64229, Maz-54323, 54329 vehicles

1 — lever; 2 — lever; 3.4- traction; 5.17- bolt; 6 — traction (telescopic mechanism); 7 - hose; 8 - finger; 9 - fork; 10 - bushing; 11 - spring; 12 — earring; 13 - lock nut; 14 - shank; 15 — tip; 16 - plate; 18 - switch

Gearbox control drive for Maz-5516, Maz-5440, 64229, Maz-54323, 54329 vehicles with a MAN engine.

When operating the gearbox of Maz-5516, Maz-5440, 64229, Maz-54323, 54329 vehicles, be guided by the following:

— The main gearbox and range control are controlled using the gearbox lever according to the diagram shown in Figure 19 (ZF gearbox).

— The transition from the slow range of the range to the fast one is carried out by moving the lever in the neutral position away from you, overcoming the force of the lock, from the fast range to the slow one - in the reverse order.

— The divider is controlled by a flag on the gearshift lever handle. The transition from the slow range (L) to the fast range (S) and back is carried out by pressing the clutch pedal all the way after moving the flag to the appropriate position. Shifting is possible without switching off the gear in the main gearbox.

Adjusting the gearbox control drive of Maz-5516, Maz-5440, 64229, Maz-54323, 54329 vehicles

During operation, if necessary, the following adjustments are made to the gearbox drive of Maz-5516, Maz-5440, 64229, Maz-54323, 54329 vehicles for MAN engines:

MAZ gear shift diagram

The MAZ gear shift pattern depends on the type of gearbox installed on various models of MAZ cars. If you have MAZ 64229, MAZ 54323 cars, then they have a YaMZ 238A gearbox installed. It is a combination of a 4-speed gearbox and a two-stage range. That is, in fact, this gearbox is eight-speed.

The gear shift diagram for MAZ models MA3 555I, MA3 53371, MAZ 5337, MAZ 5433, MA3 54331 is different. After all, the YaMZ 236P gearbox installed on these machines is five-speed. Among other things, some MAZ models are equipped with imported gearboxes that are adapted for the engines installed on MAZs. Such an example is the ZF 16S-1650, which has 16 steps, the ZF “Ecomid” 9S 1310 has 9 steps. These boxes are distinguished by the highest quality workmanship, great reliability, but at the same time, high-quality technical service.

Such different gearboxes, depending on car modifications, are made for a reason. This makes it easier to control, improves efficiency and increases the service life of the engine and gearbox mechanisms.

In order for the gearbox to serve for a long time, it is not enough to follow the MAZ gear shift pattern. It also needs to be properly maintained. Carry out all necessary routine maintenance to maintain the gearbox in good condition in a timely manner. The oil must be changed according to the instructions. Drain in a heated state through both holes in the pan. To flush the MAZ gearbox, you must use spindle oil. After this, we start the engine and “drive” it for 10 minutes. After this, drain the spindle and fill it with new one according to the map. It is strictly forbidden to wash the gearbox with kerosene or diesel fuel if you do not want the oil pump to break.

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MAZ-5551 photo

Dump truck MAZ-5551

It is impossible to imagine a single construction site in Russia without the MAZ-5551 dump truck. This hereditary “handyman” has been successfully transporting goods for a long time. Considering that its direct descendant MAZ-503 went on line in November 1958 and did not change too much, receiving a new code in 1985, then its history goes back almost 50 years.

The appearance of the dump truck is not burdened by modern design, but is as convenient as possible for work. Nothing extra. When moving to production of the MAZ-5551, they took into account a very important drawback of its predecessor, associated with the “unfastening” of the cab. The spring mechanism was replaced by a hydraulic drive, which eliminated the risk of abnormal “unfastening” in the event of spontaneous opening of the locks. To finally secure this operation, the developers complicated it by the need to open the radiator grille using a mounting tool. The cabin is double, but very spacious. Between the seats there is a convenient shelf for documents and necessary things. The only thing missing is a cigarette lighter and an ashtray - at MAZ “for a healthy lifestyle.”

The driver's seat is sprung. However, according to reviews from drivers of the MAZ-5551, it is not very convenient. The passenger seat is firmly attached to the floor. Considering that the cabin has no shock absorption at the mounting points, the entire stiffness of the suspension directly affects the comfort of the seats for both driver and passenger. The steering wheel along with the adjustable steering column also does not provide a comfortable feel. The instrument panel is to working standard. The only negative is the weakness of the light indication.

Speaking of technical characteristics, the base MAZ-5551 is equipped with a 180-horsepower YaMZ-236M2 engine, equipped with a 5-speed YaMZ-236P gearbox. Fuel tank with a capacity of 200 liters. Modifications can be equipped with a more advanced power unit YaMZ-6581.10 with a YaMZ-2361 gearbox or even a Deutz BF4M1013FC with a ZF 6S850 gearbox. The carrying capacity of this vehicle is ~ 10 tons.

The MAZ-5551 dump truck is equipped with an all-metal body with rear unloading. However, modifications are equipped with unloading systems that allow unloading on three sides. A convenient underbody heating system allows you to work efficiently in winter. The anti-roll bar installed behind the rear axle gives the dump truck confidence when entering turns when loaded. The pneumatic brakes work reliably. The only drawback is the long download time of the system.

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Many people remember that in Soviet times, almost no construction was carried out without the participation of the MAZ-5551. In addition to the construction sector, this model was often used in various sectors of activity, which include urban and agricultural sectors, construction and repair of highways, and industrial use. It mainly transports various bulk materials. Despite the emergence of numerous new products in the truck industry, it was not possible to oust this hard worker from the market. This is due to the constant modernization and introduction of modern technologies into production, which still produces this model.

The production of MAZ-5551 began in 1985 and has already lasted more than 30 years. Its old-style design, and in particular the front part, did not prevent it from remaining one of the most popular trucks in the domestic markets. This unit belongs to the eight-ton cargo class.

Among all the car models produced by the Minsk Automobile Plant, MAZ-5551 is the oldest model. The prototype for its creation was the MAZ-5337. During the entire production period, no worthy competitors were found for the MAZ in question. Of the few, some KamAZ and ZIL models can be distinguished, but they have a 6x4 wheelbase, which makes it possible to transport cargo on a “long shoulder”. The wheelbase of our sprinter, which is designed to work over short distances, is 4x2, which historically determined its use on urban construction sites.

MAZ gear diagram

The ability to drive is not only about turning the steering wheel when maneuvering and alternating presses on the accelerator and brake pedals, it is also about the correct choice of gear engagement position in the transmission shift box.
Of course, CVTs and other types of automatic and semi-automatic gearboxes were developed a long time ago, where the variability of torque is selected by the unit independently, following the preset settings. But they have some limited “choice”, and they are rarely found on SUVs and trucks. Why, and why are they needed at all? We answer... How does the switch happen?

Different coverage or variations in the absence of it, changes in the topography along the “up-down” vector, movement empty, with an average or full load - each of the proposed cases requires a specific torsion speed of the moving wheels and the force with which all this occurs. An internal combustion engine has certain limits in terms of the numerical expression of frequency and torque; to expand it and gain the ability to be stable in several positions, a gearbox is called upon.

At the same time, automatic transmissions also have clearly defined reactions, and the operation of a heavy truck is often associated with the ability to quickly, sometimes even unexpectedly vary the speed and torque of the drive shafts. Especially if you have to drive along a road whose condition is far from ideal. And since the manual transmission is controlled remotely, using a switch lever, it must know which positions correspond to which torque and speed.

Of course, it would be possible to do something like a linear displacement, but in this case the rocker mechanism would resemble the dimensions of a thick rocker arm, and it is possible that the cabin would become a bit cramped. And this is even with a standard 4- or 5-speed transmission, and we won’t even talk about 9, 12 and 16-speed transmissions. Therefore, designers have to “cram” all the possibilities into a complex, but compact drawing diagram. And it is necessary to remember it because the discrepancy between the selected gear and range means not only problems with overcoming the route, but the risk of increased wear of parts, especially if the “incorrectness” is systematic.

HOW TO SWITCH

The standard version of the control circuit, for example, is present on the 500th MAZ. For those who are able to forget in what order everything happens, a drawing is printed on the handles of the main working tool for changing the speed and transmission. It looks like this:

1. — the handle freely walking along the horizontal average vector is “neutral”;
2. - left-up - first, -down - reverse;
3. - center-down - second, -up - third;
4. - to the right - up - fourth, - down - fifth.

In a gearbox with multiplier dividers, the pattern either remains and the upper and lower ranges overlap when the additional box is first initiated, or the pattern itself becomes more complicated, receiving a couple of additional “branches.”

The transmission of “commands” from the handle-lever is transmitted via a transverse roller to the industrial mechanism, and from there through the main rod to the industrial lever. Then a special axial roller “turns on” and sets the gearbox shift lever itself in motion.

For such a “workhorse” as the MAZ-500 and its modifications, due to the loads experienced, problems even with the correct change of gear speed are not uncommon. There are plenty of possible malfunctions due to which the MAZ gearbox circuit does not work as intended, but three options are the most common.

1. The first and rear ones do not “catch” when the others are functioning normally.

• To eliminate such a problem, you need to mark the position of the rod to its tip, loosen the tightening bolts and turn the tip clockwise by about 4-5 degrees (about 1 mm between the marks). Then the bolts are tightened and functionality is checked. If the problem persists further, then we repeat the operation, that is, we move the tip a little more.

2. When the others are working, the 4th and 5th do not work.

• We do the same as in the previous case, but this time the tip must be turned counterclockwise.

3. The system itself works fine, but switching is made difficult by the incorrect position of the lever (for example, the lever rests against the panel).

• Set neutral and disconnect the rod end from the shift mechanism earring. We make sure that the mechanism lever is also in a neutral position - the fork is located vertically, and when angularly rocked, resistance to rotation is felt. If everything is so, then tighten the locking screw on the intermediate mechanism until it stops, thereby “tightly” fixing the intermediate roller. We loosen the coupling bolts and adjust the length of the rod so that the stopper pin easily passes through the holes of the earring and the tip. We connect them and tighten the coupling bolts. After this, unscrew the locking screw of the industrial mechanism five turns and lock it with a nut.

By the way, after partial disassembly of the drive, its adjustment is carried out according to the same principle.

Finally, we remind you that you can find and buy most of the components for MAZ drives, mechanisms and boxes (also transfer cases and all kinds of additional pre-reducers) in the online store of our trading house “SpetsMash”. We work wholesale and retail, opala - cash and non-cash, deferments are expected. We organize delivery throughout Russia (to many cities for free), communication by phone, e-mail and through the company’s website.

Switching circuit

1 236-1702060-A2 Shift fork rod for 1st gear and reverse 2 236-1702014 Cover gasket 3 236-1702015-B2 Upper cover 4 236-1702129 1st gear and reverse fuse 4 236-1702129 Switch fuse 1 -th gear and reverse gear 5 236-1702127-A Fuse spring 6 236-1702132 Spring cup 7 236-1702087 Fork rod lock pin 8 316172-P29 Plug 9 200-1702083 Ball 10 236-1702122 Support gasket lever s 11 216258-P29 Hairpin 12 252136-P2 Spring washer 10 12 252136-P2 Spring washer 10 12 252136-P2 Spring washer 10 13 250513-P29 Nut 14 236-1702126 Drive axle 15 236-1702125 1st gear shift guide and reverse 16 252137-P2 Washer spring 17 250615-P29 Nut 18 236-1702170-A Breather 19 262522-P2 Plug 20 236-1702025 Set screw 20 236-1702025 Set screw 20 236-1702025 Set screw 21 236-1 702225-B Gear shift lever 22 260311-P15 Plug 23 260310-P15 Plug 23 260310-P15 Plug 23 260310-P15 Plug 24 236-1702213 Bushing 25 236-1702129 1st gear and reverse fuse 26 236-1702106 Spring 26 236- 1702106 Spring 26 236-1702106 Spring 27 236 -1702215 Bolt 28 236-1702209-B3 Carter 29 236-1702206-B3 Housing for remote gear shift mechanism assembly 30 236-1702235 Clamp spring cup 31 252161-P2 Washer 32 236-1702100 Locking ball 32 236- 1702100 Locking ball 33 236-1702229-A Fork rod head 34 312534-P2 Lock washer 35 310213-P29 Bolt 36 201499-P29 Bolt 10-6gх30 37 316121-P29 Plug K 1/4″ 38 236-1702216 O-ring 39 236-1702227 Longitudinal fork rod gear shift rods 40 236-1702024 1st gear and reverse fork 41 236-1702221 Roller 42 314040-P2 Key 43 236-1702222 Gear shift lever 44 236-1702241 Gasket 45 236-1702240 Cover remote gear shift mechanism housing 46 252135-P2 Spring washer 47 201454-P29 Bolt M8x16 48 236-1702027 2nd and 3rd gear shift fork 49 236-1702053 1st gear and reverse shift fork rod head 50 236-1702028 Rod head shift forks 2 -th and 3rd gears 51 236-1702033 Shift fork for 4th and 5th gears 52 236-1702064 Shift fork rod for 2nd and 3rd gears 53 236-1702074 Shift fork rod for 4th and 5th gears gear Link to this page: https://www.kspecmash.ru/catalog.php?typeauto=6&mark=14&model=46&group=82 www.kspecmash.ru

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Change of oil

In order to change the oil in a MAZ gearbox, you must:

1. Drive about 5-10 km by vehicle to warm up the old oil in the box. At elevated temperatures it becomes liquid and is easy to drain.
2. 10-15 minutes after stopping the engine, place the vehicle on a lift or inspection pit.
3. Remove the crankcase protective cover.
4. Unscrew the plug and check the volume of oil fluid in the manual transmission.
5. Check the gasket for wear and, if necessary, replace it with a new one.
6. Replace worn filter elements.
7. Open the drain hole and drain the oil into a prepared container.
8. Fill with new oil fluid.
9. Screw on the drain cap.
10. Reinstall the clutch protective cover.
11. Start the engine and check the oil level at various speeds.

An oil change is necessary when maintenance is carried out or gears are difficult to engage.

Gearbox: device, characteristics, principle of operation

The MAZ gearbox is equipped with five ranges and is combined with a YaMZ-236 diesel engine. It has an acceleration range and remote control. There are also several other modifications of this unit. To activate the second and third speeds, the synchronizer is activated. Let's look at the structure of this car unit and its features.

Essential elements

The MAZ gearbox includes a primary shaft with a gear mounted on a crankcase with ball-type bearings. In addition, there is an intermediate shaft. From the front it looks like a device on a cylindrical roller bearing, and from the back it looks like a ball analogue. The rear element compartment is protected by a cast iron cover, the first and reverse gears are cut directly onto the shaft, and the remaining ranges and power take-off are carried out through keyed drive gears.

The MAZ gearbox with range control is equipped with an intermediate shaft drive gear with a damper damper. This makes it possible to reduce vibrations transformed from the power unit to the transmission box. In addition, this solution makes it possible to reduce the noise of the gear at idle speed. The need to install a damper is due to the insufficient uniformity of operation of the YaMZ-236 type motor.

The gear tooth is made separately from the hub. It is disconnected using six cylindrical springs. Residual vibrations are damped by deformation of the spring elements and friction in the damper unit.

Device

An axle with a pair of roller bearings and a reverse gear is installed on the side between the intermediate and secondary shaft. The front gear element is aggregated with the analogue of the first speed using an additional shaft, and the rear gear is engaged by activating the reverse gear.

On a MAZ semi-trailer, the front part of the secondary shaft is mounted on a roller bearing, and the rear element is installed in a ball bearing bath. On the protruding part there is a speedometer drive gear; at the back, the part is protected by a cover in which the oil seal and speedometer drive are located. A mechanism for shifting first and reverse gears is installed on the splined rear part of the shaft. It is worth noting that this gear is equipped with straight teeth.

Peculiarities

A gear sliding structure is freely installed on the secondary shaft of the MAZ gearbox on steel bearings. This includes adjusting the second, third and fifth speeds. The elements are protected from longitudinal displacement by means of oblique teeth and thrust rings. Three gears have constant mesh with the intermediate shaft. The gears are made with a conical base and an internal toothed surface.

The synchronizers are located between the gear elements of the second and third speeds. They ensure silent switching of gears. The synchronizer itself consists of a coupling, which is located on the splines of the rear hub, as well as a housing with bronze o-rings. The frame is aggregated with the coupling using ball-type clamps. The coupling is equipped with gear rims. Her fingers pass through special sockets; rings with pins and a switch fork are attached to them on the outside.

MAZ “Zubrenok” checkpoint: work

When this unit operates, the housing ring of the housing is pressed against the cone by the gears. In this regard, the friction between the contacting surfaces causes rotation and installation of the cavity on the slot with the coupling pin, and the element is blocked by the housing.

The frame then interacts with the gear cone due to the resulting force applied to the gear shifter. After the effect of friction occurs between the speed cones and the gear with the clutch, the load forces are leveled and the locking device releases the clutch from the base of the synchronizer. Next, the coupling moves by extruding the balls of the locking device, which moves to the side. Then the gear ring of the assembly engages with the internal teeth of the mechanism, which entails the inclusion of one or another gear.

Functional scheme

There are three adjusting rods in the crankcase cover sockets. Their forks are combined with a control carriage for first and reverse gears, as well as a pair of clutch synchronizers. The switches are equipped with ball detents and locks.

The MAZ gearbox diagram presented below confirms that the most loaded bearings receive lubricant under the created operating pressure. Oil flows from the bath through a detachable filter element. It is equipped with a magnet that allows fluid to flow through the suction of the gear pump. This unit is driven by the leading edge of the intermediate shaft. Next, the mixture is pumped through a groove in the crankcase and enters through the channel of the primary and secondary shafts into the gear bearings of the mechanism. The remaining elements are lubricated by splashing the incoming oil.

Oil pump

The MAZ-4370 gearbox is equipped with an oil pump, which has a ball valve that serves to limit the oil pressure in the transmission system. The crankcase of the unit is equipped with an internal partition, which causes the release of used oil through two holes blocked by special plugs.

Gear control is carried out via a lever located in the cab. The operating principle of the circuit is to mechanically switch a remote drive located above the power unit. In the bracket of the transmission unit crankcase cover there is a pair of support rollers that serve to change speeds using grooves and necks located on the adjusting rods.

In the middle position, the lever is located with a pin with a lock and a spring upward. At this time, the lower analogue of the fuse is activated along with the spring. The pin is externally mounted in the swing compartment of the first and reverse gears. The leash is mounted on a hinge pin mounted at the front of the box lid.

Other details

The MAZ semi-trailer in the gearbox system is equipped with a front roller, which controls the second lever inserted into the head of the movable rod of the bracket. The outer part of the movable rod is connected to the intermediate control mechanism using a cardan extended rod. The fixing bracket is attached to the car frame.

The lower edge of the shift lever is connected to the same unit. The method of fastening is similar to the above method. Part of the lever extends through the cabin floor, ensuring the integrity of all other connections. This design makes it possible to tilt the cabin without the need to separate and deform existing elements and assemblies.

In conclusion

I would like to dwell in more detail on the features of the MA3-2G0 machine’s gearbox. This unit is almost identical to the device on the 500th MAZ. The drive gear does not have a damper, but the second, third and fifth speeds are activated using a secondary shaft on needle-type bearings. The switch lever is placed on a ball joint, the housing of which is fixed to the cover of the switch box. It has a reverse activation fuse, as well as a pin with a spring installed in the steering bracket socket. The unit in question has proven itself to be a direct competitor to domestic and foreign analogues, in accordance with the combination of price and quality parameters.

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Specifications

MAZ-5551 is a two-axle dump truck with a 2x4 wheel arrangement and double tires on the rear wheels. The body is all-metal, with automatic opening and closing of the tailgate. Unloading of the dump truck in the basic configuration is rear. The engine is located longitudinally, under the cabover cab. All power elements are fixed to a metal frame.

Engine

Most often, modern MAZs are equipped with four-stroke power plants manufactured in Yaroslavl YaMZ-6563.10-03.

Main settings

• Type – with compression ignition and direct fuel injection;
• Working volume – 11.15 l;
• Number and arrangement of cylinders – 6, V-shaped;
• Compression ratio – 17.5;
• Power – 230 hp (169 kW);
• Maximum torque at a crankshaft speed of 1100-1300 rpm – 90 Nm;
• Minimum specific fuel consumption – 200 g/kWh;
• Turbocharging system – with intermediate cooling of charge air. Air-to-air heat exchanger.

The engines are equipped with a Yazda fuel supply system with a Compact-40 fuel injection pump. The engine ensures compliance with EURO-3 environmental standards.

Fuel consumption

The fuel consumption of the MAZ-5551 is 22 l/100 km. Taking into account the large capacity of the fuel tank (200 l), the truck can cover over 800 km without additional refueling.

Chassis

The front suspension is made on two semi-elliptical springs with double-acting hydraulic shock absorbers. The rear suspension is on two main and two additional springs with anti-roll bar. The brake mechanisms are drum. The drive of the main brake system is pneumatic, separately for the front and rear wheels. Parking brake - on the rear wheels with pneumatic drive, from spring energy accumulators. The car is equipped with tires of size 12.00R20 mod. ID-304.

Power transmission

In the basic configuration, the car is equipped with a five-speed manual transmission YaMZ-236P. Synchronizers are installed in 2nd, 3rd, 4th, and 5th gears. The transmission of torque from the engine to the transmission elements is carried out by a double-disc friction clutch. The clutch drive is hydraulic with a pneumatic booster. The rear axle is a double transmission, consisting of a central gearbox and wheel gears. The drive axle ratio is 7.79. Open type cardan transmission with hinges on needle bearings

Clutch adjustment

The MAZ-5551 is equipped with a traditional double-disc friction clutch for powerful trucks. The elements of this unit are subject to wear due to significant overloads during operation and require periodic maintenance.

Adjusting the MAZ-5551 clutch is required, for example, in the following cases:

• clutch slipping at high speeds
• crackling sound when changing gear
• The clutch doesn't disengage completely

Three main stages can be distinguished:

1. Setting the gap of 1 mm between the adjusting screws and the middle drive disk is carried out as follows:

• remove the hatch covers to gain access to the clutch and flywheel,
• with the clutch engaged, move the gearshift lever to neutral,
• unscrew the locknuts and screw all the adjusting screws into the middle drive disk until it stops; to do this, turn the flywheel,
• Loosen the screws 1 turn and tighten the locknuts with slight force.

2. Ensuring a gap of 3.3...3.7 mm between the nut and the rear valve cover. To adjust, you need to loosen the lock nut and set the gap to the desired size by tightening the adjusting nut.

3. Adjusting the pedal free play. The standard value is 34-43 mm (measured with a ruler when the pneumatic system is empty).

Clutch

A single-wire electrical wiring circuit provides on-board consumers with 24 V electricity. The DC sources are two 6-ST-182 or 6-ST-190 type batteries and an alternating current generator with a built-in voltage regulator.

MAZ gear shift diagram, device, repair, characteristics.

It is unlikely that anyone will argue that the principle and sequence of operation of a gearbox is much easier to understand than the same

, but even here there are plenty of nuances, which to the uninitiated may seem like a “dark forest”.

And he has been driven into such a jungle of fabrications that it’s time to call “03”, although there are serious doubts that the visiting specialists will be able to help in any way, unless, of course, one of them has a brainchild of the Minsk Automobile Plant in the garage. Although even then there is no guarantee that you will come across the owner of exactly the type of gearbox that has driven you into such a deplorable state. And in order to avoid getting into such situations, it’s worth knowing who the hell is, that is, for which MAZ models, which boxes are the norm. Let's say you are interested in, or even own one of the following models - 5551, 5337, 53371, 54331, 5431. In this case, congratulations! The fact is that these cars are equipped with a YaMZ 236P gearbox as standard, which means that the MAZ gearshift pattern of this type is described very simply - five-speed.

It’s a different matter if we are talking about MAZs of the 64229th and 54323rd models, on which they install a gearbox, albeit YaMZ, but already 238A.
and such a box is a hybrid of a conventional four-speed gearbox with a two-speed multiplier. In fact, this combination makes the gearbox an eight-speed one, where in the lower range of the multiplier gears from first to fourth plus reverse operate, and when the multiplier is switched to a higher range, gears from fifth to eighth “appear”. It is worth highlighting Minsk-made cars in a separate category, but with imported gearboxes that were converted to fit the domestic engines used. Most often, with such a modification, two types of gearboxes are used, and as a result, the MAZ gear shift pattern corresponds to either a 9-speed ZF Ecomid 9S1310 or a 16-speed ZF 16S1650. The use of such boxes guarantees owners some advantages. And at the same time, it imposes certain obligations on them - the rules for maintaining such a switch box must be strictly observed. Although it is worth noting that improper care and operation of our “two-core” gearboxes is also mandatory, and if these standards are not followed, then very soon you will be interested in switching diagrams much less than instructions for repairing the box. www.kspecmash.ru

Viscosity level

Manufacturers offer gear oil for the rear axle, which has different viscosity ratings. Manufacturers comply with international specifications that apply to gear oil. The recognized unified classification SAE J306 has been used throughout the world for a long time. It was developed by scientists from America

It is important to familiarize yourself with all the parameters and indicators that index the viscosity level of transmission oil

If the manufacturer indicates the letter W with the marking, then gear oil can be poured into the rear axle all year round. It will not freeze when the temperature drops and there is severe frost. The absence of a designation indicates products for the summer period

It is important to remember that gear oil is divided into seasons, so you need to pay attention to this parameter when choosing

Manufacturers began to produce thickened or all-season products. It differs in chemical composition. The marking is indicated by the corresponding index.

MAZ gearbox design: types and principle of operation

In this article, we will tell you what functions the gearbox performs in a MAZ engine, make several recommendations for repairs, and also indicate a MAZ gearshift diagram with a divider, which you can examine and study in detail.

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Purpose of the checkpoint

The gearbox contains such an element as a gear, usually there are several of them, they are connected to the gear control lever and it is due to them that gear shifts occur. By changing gears, the speed of the car is adjusted.

That is, in other words, gears are gears. They have different sizes and different rotation speeds. In the process of work, one catches the other. The system of such work is due to the fact that a large gear engages a smaller one, the rotation increases, and at the same time the speed of the MAZ vehicle. In cases where a small gear engages a large one, the speed, on the contrary, drops. The gearbox consists of 4 speeds plus reverse. The first is considered the lowest and with the addition of each gear the car begins to move faster.

The box is located in a MAZ car between the crankshaft and the driveshaft. The first comes directly from the engine. The second is directly connected to the wheels and drives them. List of works that lead to speed adjustment:

1. The motor sets the movement of the drive and crankshaft.
2. The gearbox gears receive a signal and start moving.
3. Using the gear shift lever, the driver selects the required speed.
4. The speed selected by the driver is transmitted to the driveshaft, which powers the wheels.
5. The car continues to move at the selected speed.

Device diagram

The diagram of the gearshift device for a gearbox with a divider on a MAZ is not simple, but it will greatly help you when carrying out repair work. The MAZ manual gearbox consists of elements such as a crankcase, shafts, mortar, synchronizers, gears and other equally important elements.

9 speed

Such a unit is installed, in most cases, on trucks or cars that will be subject to high traffic.

9 speed gearbox

8 speed

This unit, like its predecessor, is popular among machines with high payloads.

8 speed gearbox

5 speed

The most popular among passenger cars.

5 speed gearbox

Repair recommendations

Want to keep your divider box in good condition for years to come? Then she needs care and basic checks. It is necessary to monitor the operation of elements such as gears, a mortar, the control lever itself, and so on. Has it happened that a breakdown can no longer be avoided? We will give you the following recommendations for self-repair:

• familiarize yourself with the diagram and instructions of your mechanism in detail;
• in order to carry out repairs, first of all it is necessary to remove the box completely and only then can you begin repairs;
• after you pull it out, do not rush to disassemble it completely, sometimes the problem is on the surface, pay special attention to all the details, if you see suspicious “behavior”, then most likely the problem is in this element;
• If you still have to disassemble the box completely, put all the parts in the order of disassembly, so as not to get confused when you put it back together.

If you are not confident in your abilities, do not have certain skills and knowledge, contact the service center. Isn't there such a possibility? Well, it's never too late to learn new and useful things. Ask questions in the comments, we will give you open and detailed answers.

This article examined the gear shift scheme for MAZ of all types. We hope that the information was useful to you in your repair. Let your box serve you for many years!

Video “Checkpoint Operation”

You can see the principle of operation of a manual transmission in this video.

avtozam.com

How to remove and install the box

Disassembling the MAZ gearbox:

1. Place the truck on a special platform.
2. Remove batteries.
3. Remove air filter elements.
4. Disconnect the mudguards located in the engine compartment.
5. Remove the front suspension cross member.
6. Drain the gearbox oil.
7. Disconnect the speed sensors, reverse switch.
8. Remove the powertrain harness holder.
9. Loosen the mounting bolts.
10. Remove the electric starter from the coupling housing housing without disconnecting it from the wire.
11. Unscrew the front and rear support mechanisms from the gearbox bracket.
12. Disconnect the left support and disengage the input shaft.
13. Remove the gearbox.

In order to put the KAMAZ box in place, you need to repeat all the steps in reverse order.

The need for gearbox care

Helps to extend the life of the speed box - its timely maintenance. In particular, the car owner must monitor the efficiency of the gears and control lever, and control the level of oil poured into the MAZ car system.

If it is necessary to repair the gearbox on a MAZ, it is necessary to remove the gearbox from its original location. The device must be visually inspected for external deformation. There is a high probability that this is precisely the reason that the gearbox “does not obey” the driver’s commands. If there are no deformations, you can begin to disassemble the gearbox into components.

If the MAZ gearbox circuit fails, the following signs will appear:

• Some gears do not work, for example, 4 and 5;
• difficulty in manual switching is noted.

To flush the gearbox, about 3 liters of special oil are required. Repair of a MAZ gearbox may involve restoring axles, washing, or fault-defecting the gearbox. Also, the crankcase and cover are subject to repair.

MAZ vehicles are equipped with engines produced by the Yaroslavl plant, MMZ, MAN, Deutz, Mercedes-Benz, Cummins. Therefore, each MAZ gearbox installed together with these engines has design features. Most gearboxes preferred by the automaker are manual. The task of the gearbox is to act as an “intermediary” between the crankshaft of the internal combustion engine and the drive wheels when transmitting torque, while changing its magnitude and direction. Using the gearbox, the driver can separate the internal combustion engine and transmission.

You can buy a MAZ gearbox at a competitive price on the Sparox website. We offer certified spare parts and components for gearboxes from different manufacturers.