Cars produced by GAZ, the Gazelle model, are one of the most popular light-duty cars in the CIS countries. This car and the Gazelle engine went into mass production back in 1994 and are still produced today.
Throughout the production and operation of the car, the Gazelle has undergone many different changes and modifications relating to both the appearance and body, as well as the engine. This machine is also a good option for self-improvement. For example, you can install a Japanese engine on a gazelle, which will increase the service life of the car and significantly improve some characteristics.
Among the significant changes throughout the production of the Gazelle, the car was significantly modified two times:
- In 2003, a change in appearance was carried out, which significantly influenced the subsequent body style. The hardware component has not been subject to deep modifications.
- The engine for the Gazelle underwent a more extensive and serious modification already in 2010, where changes affected both the operating principle of the device and its characteristics. In addition, the prefix “Business” was added to the name of the car. This car is still being produced in this form for 2016.
Basically, this machine is a good and cheap option for commercial travel and transportation, and is actively used by forwarders and postal transport services.
Engine ZMZ 402
The most common engine that GAZ engines could boast of was the ZMZ 402. It was produced from the beginning of 1980 until 2006. Now you can find it exclusively in a maintained form.
This GAZ engine is the most common, as it has been produced for more than 20 years, which makes it easy to find the necessary spare parts and carry out repairs.
In terms of technical characteristics, it is not particularly different from its predecessors:
- The engine cylinder is made of aluminum, the power supply system is carburetor.
- Maximum engine capacity – 2115 cm3.
- This engine has quite high fuel consumption - up to 14 liters per 100 km in the city.
- One of the main advantages of this engine is its versatility, thanks to which it can be used on almost all GAZ cars.
Breakdowns and repairs of the ZMZ 402 engine
Despite the high quality and mass production of the Gazelle ICE engine, breakdowns still occur. These include the following malfunctions:
- One of the most fragile parts in the ZMZ 402 engine is the crankshaft oil seal. It is made from ordinary rope, pre-impregnated in graphite lubricant. The strength limit of such a part is up to 2500 rpm. If you exceed this figure, the crankshaft oil seal will simply begin to leak oil out. In order to avoid such unpleasant situations with ZMZ 402, the stuffing box should be replaced with a better one made of durable material;
- Abnormal vibration, unnatural sounds, and jerking may occur when the engine is idling. Such signs of malfunction may appear due to wear of the carburetor, since its design is initially crooked and is not the best solution implemented in Gazelle engines. Due to this feature, fuel is supplied to the engine cylinders in uneven parts, which leads to the malfunction described above;
- The occurrence of unhealthy sounds in the engine during its operation. Basically, the owner of a car with a GAZ engine is faced with knocking in the engine, which indicates a faulty fuel supply through the valve. In order to avoid such troubles, valve clearances should be adjusted in a timely manner. Basically, this car needs engine maintenance after every 15,000 km. If the knocking does not occur due to a crooked valve, then you should turn your attention to the connecting rod bearings or the camshaft.
Due to its wide distribution, almost any breakdown of the ZMZ 402 can be corrected; it is enough to find out the cause of the malfunction and carry out high-quality repairs or replacement of the damaged part. This is why gazelle engines are not often completely replaced due to breakdown.
Modifications of ZMZ
There are also a large number of modified versions of ZMZ 402 engines, which were mass-produced and produced for cars of the same name.
The most common modifications include the following:
- ZMZ 402.10
It is this modification that can most often be found among motorists in our country. It is installed on the Volga and works with 92 gasoline;
- ZMZ 4022.10
Not the best engineering solution for low-cost cars, as it contains a number of complex engineering solutions, such as a modified carburetor and an improved crankshaft.
Such innovations were supposed to increase the performance, efficiency, and reduce the toxicity of the GAZ engine. But in reality, not everything turned out so well, there was no expected efficiency, and the entire design required significant modifications;
- ZMZ 4025.10
It has no special differences from the 402 model, but was developed and used for cars of the Gazelle family.
Features and Benefits
The truck is a rear-wheel drive, two-row tandem pickup truck that can accommodate a varying number of passengers. The main superstructures are an isothermal and refrigerated van, a tow truck, a dump truck, etc.
The disadvantages of the model include:
- low comfort of seats in the Gazelle 3302 cabin;
- insufficient strength of the supporting structure;
- low degree of security, the door can be opened with a screwdriver;
- low heater power in cars manufactured before 2007;
- Lighting fixtures and wiring should be replaced at 10-year intervals.
Most of the shortcomings were eliminated in versions released after 2011. Low profile rubber provides a low loading height, making loading and unloading goods easier. Modern technologies make it possible to expand the viewing angle by installing wide glasses.
Tent Gazelle 3302
Over the years, the GAZ-3302 truck has been constantly improved, development was carried out taking into account the wishes of consumers. Its advantages include efficiency in terms of fuel consumption at high operating parameters.
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Engine ZMZ 406
This is the next stage in the development of engines for the Gazelle, which replaced the ZMZ 402.
Despite the slight differences in numbers between them, this motor has undergone dramatic changes compared to its predecessor.
The main differences include the following changes:
- changing the location of camshafts;
- 16 valve engine;
- hydraulic compensators are installed, which avoids the constant need for their adjustment;
- a significantly improved timing drive, the service life of which is 100,000 km, but in most cases can withstand loads twice as large. The engine camshaft is driven by gears with helical teeth. At the same time, a steel gear is mounted on the crankshaft, and a textolite gear with a cast iron hub is mounted on the distribution shaft to ensure silent operation.
But despite the general improvement in design and the use of more reliable components, this GAZ engine also has a number of serious drawbacks, due to which it is necessary to monitor the hydraulic tensioners and the condition of the chains quite often.
At the same time, it is difficult to overestimate innovations in the production of GAZ engines, especially when comparing the ZAZ 406 with the classic ZAZ 402.
Modification ZMZ 406
There are only three modifications of the ZMZ 406 engine:
- ZMZ 4061.10
The GAZ car engine runs on 76 gasoline and is of the carburetor type. At the moment it is rare, as it was produced in smaller quantities than other modifications and is now obsolete;
- ZMZ 4062.10
One of the most common modifications of the ZAZ engine. This Gazelle engine is also used on the Volga. Has an injection type of operation;
- ZMZ 4063.10
One of the latest modifications of the above-mentioned engine, running on 92 gasoline. This GAZ engine operates on a carburetor circuit.
Breakdowns of ZMZ 406
This type of motor may have the following malfunctions:
- Despite the stronger material used for hydraulic tensioners - metal chains, they also have some disadvantages that the driver may not have encountered when using a rope transmission. The timing chains on the engine can become jammed over time. Such a malfunction leads to unhealthy noise, vibrations appear in the operation of the engine, leading to the destruction of the shoe or the chain jumping;
- overheating of the ZMZ 406 engine. One of the most common malfunctions that appears when the radiator is dirty or the thermostat is malfunctioning. It is worth replacing the coolant with a new one;
- Due to wear of the hydraulic compensator, knocking noise may occur in the engine. This type of malfunction is most often encountered by owners of the ZMZ 406 and the GAZ 3307 engine. This malfunction also appears when connecting rod bearings, pistons and piston pins break.
Linear and weight characteristics of a GAZelle with a Kamens diesel engine
The main indicators of this characteristic are:
The overall length of the car, declared by the manufacturer, is 5475 mm, while its width and height, measured in the cabin, are 2075 mm and 2200 mm, respectively.
The total weight, regardless of modification, does not exceed 3500 kg and is distributed over the front and rear axles in a ratio of 35/65. The ground clearance under the rear axle housing, in this state, is 170 mm.
But the curb weight of a GAZelle with a Kamens diesel engine directly depends on the chosen body type, and for various modifications it can vary from 1840 to 2450 kg. At the same time, the minimum value corresponds to the onboard version of the car, and the maximum to a 14-seater bus.
At one time, the designers adopted a value of 2.9 m as the standard base of the vehicle. With such a distance between the front and rear axles, the minimum turning radius of the car along the track of the outer front wheel does not exceed 5.5 m.
Engine UMZ 4216
UMZ 4216 is one of the most modern modifications of motors from this manufacturer. Its good specifications and high reliability are proven by many positive reviews among motorists.
The main difference from older models is a significantly increased engine volume, improved exhaust valves, which have become 3 mm larger compared to the previous model, and an injection type of operation and gasoline supply.
Also based on the UMZ 4216, a series of Evotek engines was developed. If we compare this engine with the ZMZ 402, the UMZ 4216 has blocks of significantly increased strength; instead of wet liners, dry and thin analogues began to be installed, the cylinders became larger in diameter and are now 100 mm versus 92 mm used on the ZMZ 402.
Also at the Ulyanovsk Motor Plant, where engines with the abbreviation UMZ were produced, a diesel engine for the Gazelle is assembled.
The main breakdowns and malfunctions with this motor are not particularly different from the problems described above for a number of other engines. This is due to the fact that there are no global differences between the ZMZ motor series and the UMZ motor series, and they have a similar structure and operating principle.
In order for the GAZ engine to work as long as possible, the valve clearances should be checked and adjusted every 10,000 km, which will help avoid serious damage. The same rules apply to the repair and operation of the GAZ 3307 engine, which is common among business and government enterprises that have trucks from this manufacturer in their fleet.
Options for the diesel GAZelle Kamens
According to the body type, the GAZelle with a Cummins diesel engine can be sold in 3 variants.
The onboard version of the GAZelle has, in addition to the driver's seat, 2 or 5 passenger seats and an onboard platform with an awning.
An all-metal cargo-passenger van can have 2 or 6 passenger seats, depending on the customer’s wishes. The volume of its cargo compartment is 9 cubic meters. m.
There are significantly more bus modifications available. In this body, a GAZelle with a Cummins diesel engine can carry 8, 12, 13 or 14 passengers.
According to the type of drive, each of the described modifications is:
- rear-wheel drive;
- with permanent all-wheel drive;
- with connected all-wheel drive.
In addition, the onboard GAZelle can have a choice of a standard or extended base, depending on which, the overall length of the car is 5.54 or 6.62 m.
The crankcase limits access to sensitive engine components and mechanisms, protecting them from mechanical damage and contamination. Also, the lower part of the crankcase is adapted to store engine oil, which is used to lubricate and cool parts.
There is an O-ring on the bottom of the injectors. After repairing the injectors, it must be changed. This ring is designed to prevent diesel fuel from leaking at the junction of the fuel hose and the injector. Read about injector repair and much more in this article.
All of the above modifications, without exception, are equipped with American diesel engines of the same model with turbocharging and charge air cooler, which are necessarily equipped with a 5-speed manual gearbox.
Other engines
The following engines are installed on this vehicle:
- UMZ 4216;
- ZMZ 402;
- ZMZ 406;
- ZMZ 405;
- GAZ-51.52;
- Diesel engine cummins ISF 2.8 (GAZelle) and ISF 3.8 (Valdai);
- ZMZ 4021 (Volga) 76;
- ZMZ 4052 (Volga) 92B;
- ZMZ 511 (GAZ-53.3307);
- MMZ D245.7E2 without compressor with generator (GAZ 3308,3309 with hydraulic brakes);
- UMZ 3302 dv 274 GUR Euro-4 EvoTech;
- It is also possible to install a Japanese engine on Gazelle Business.
Each of these engines has its own characteristics, which you should learn about when purchasing or operating this car, which will allow you to find out which engine is better for the modern motorist.
Modifications
When developing a new version of the car, the peculiarities of the Russian climate and road conditions were taken into account. Therefore, the truck is able to work in difficult realities. The most popular modifications of the GAZ-3302 include:
- standard car;
- version 33027;
- model 330202.
Car GAZ 3302. Side photo
Some modern models are equipped with a Chrysler engine with rational piston operation, which has increased the durability of the unit.
Given the shortcomings of the technology, it is worth considering that its production began quite a long time ago, and new versions have become better. Its advantages include simplicity of design, low cost and maintainability.
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Driver's cabin
In the cabin of Gazelle 3302. Interior
Initially, cabs of an average level of comfort and quality were installed on the GAZ-3302 truck. But modern models have become more ergonomic, and wear-resistant materials are used for upholstery. The prototype of the cabin was the Ford Transit model. As standard, the cabin has seats for a driver and two passengers.
Steering wheel Gazelle 3302
Large windows offer a wide viewing angle, and the dashboard is made of a comfortable and high-quality design. In addition, the level of car safety is quite high.
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Steering and instrument panel
The steering wheel design is a “screw-ball nut”; a large number of new GAZ-3302 car models are equipped with a hydraulic booster, which guarantees convenience. However, many drivers note insufficient development of its mechanism. Hydraulic fluid tends to leak through the fittings, and even after the problem is fixed, the leaks may recur. The occurrence of such a problem is after 10 thousand km. If at a given mileage there are no disturbances in the operation of the system, then it will serve for a very long time without failure.
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What's the result?
So which engine is better - 402 or 406? The GAZelle, equipped with the first engine, picks up speed very poorly and can hardly bear the load. Because of this, the engine overheats and consumes oil. Which engine is better for a GAZelle? As for the 406 engine, it is an excellent alternative between the 402 and 405. The cost of GAZelles with this engine is an order of magnitude lower than with an injection unit. At the same time, the 406th engine has a modern 16-valve timing mechanism and huge potential for tuning. If desired, it can be boosted by replacing the piston group with an Ulyanovsk one. The main disadvantage of this engine is the carburetor. Now there are very few specialists involved in setting them up. But the carburetor requires constant maintenance and adjustment.
If we consider which engine is better - 405 or 406 for the GAZelle, the clear leader will be the ZMZ-405. This engine is devoid of previous disadvantages and requires less maintenance, since it is equipped with fuel injection. This engine has lower fuel consumption and high torque. The 405 engine does not overheat provided the antifreeze is replaced in a timely manner and has a long service life. Practice shows that this engine lasts 300 thousand kilometers before overhaul. However, the cost of GAZelles with this engine is much higher. This is perhaps the only drawback of this engine. Otherwise, the ZMZ-405 is a leader in the line of gasoline units. If the question is about which engine is better to put in the GAZelle, then definitely the 405th. This is the most reliable and durable power unit that has ever been installed on these cars.
So, we found out which engine is better for the GAZelle.
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