Characteristics and description of the main components of the Luch MB-1 walk-behind tractor

Manufacturers and production history of "Luch MB-1"

The first production model of the Soviet walk-behind tractor rolled off the assembly line of the Perm production association “Motorostroitel” named after Ya. M. Sverdlov” in 1985.

During the production of the walk-behind tractor, a large number of modifications of this equipment appeared. The main difference between each of them is the power plant and attachments produced by Russian and foreign manufacturers.

Since 1991, the unit has been produced by the joint-stock company Kaluga Engine (JSC CADVI). From 2011 to the present day, the equipment is produced under the name “Oka”.

Motoblock Luch MB-1

Improving the ignition in a mole walk-behind tractor with your own hands

Now you can buy any equipment in earthworks stores, but many farms use walk-behind tractors and motor-cultivators from the stagnation era.

Some owners have been using Mole walk-behind tractors for 20 years and suddenly there is a breakdown - the MB-1 electronic ignition unit has failed.

The main disadvantage of the MB-1 electronic unit is its miniaturization and circuit defects,

Although there is a proven option with light motorcycles and mopeds - a generator coil, electronic filling and an ignition coil - there are no separate components and no problems in the ignition system.

And in MB-1, the winding of the generator coil is made with very thin wiring and the ignition coil is small, and most importantly, the electronic part of the circuit is located on the engine crankcase and heats up to 80 degrees. And the KU202N thyristor used in the circuit is designed for 75 degrees. That's why there are constant malfunctions. The same thyristors were used in ignition circuits used on light motorcycles and mopeds and worked reliably. The thin winding wire of the generator coil does not allow generating more current and installing a storage capacitor of 1 µF.

Try to separate these ignition elements. I’ll give you an example of how a friend from the forum improved the ignition unit.

The rest of the story will be told on his behalf: — The ignition coil is an automobile one, with a multiple reserve and a spark twice as powerful as the previous one.

A car ignition coil was found. An electronic circuit is mounted in the body of the burnt switch.

The ignition coil was mounted on the steering wheel plate of the walk-behind tractor.

What remained from the original MB-1 unit was a generator coil and a sensor coil; in place of the original ignition coil, I installed a second generator coil,

you just need to adjust the seat to fit it.

A flywheel with four magnets is installed on the walk-behind tractor, one of them is turned upside down, so as not to overthink the phrasing of the windings - each generator coil has its own diode bridge.

After all the modifications - repeated ignition reliability. Military-grade T 122-25-8 thyristor, thousand-volt diode bridge, eternal ignition coil.

Electrical ignition circuit:

The figure on the right shows the connection of the generator coils. Connect at points A B in the left diagram.

Diode bridge – RC207.

Capacitor C 1 - 1 µF.

Thyristor - 10 amperes and 800 volts. I installed - T 122-25-8. 25 A 800 V.

Diode VD1 is HER308 type, fast acting.

Diode VD2-1N4007.

Resistor R1- within 2 kOhm.

The best part is that starting a walk-behind tractor is a pleasure.

Design of the Luch MB-1 walk-behind tractor

The main components of the device are:

• Power unit.
• Gearbox.
• Clutch.
• Control system.
• Chassis.

Design of the Luch MB-1 walk-behind tractor

Engine

The power plant for the Luch MB-1 is a single-cylinder four-stroke engine from domestic and foreign manufacturers.

Attention! When working with a walk-behind tractor, it is necessary to install protective covers and special wings. It is prohibited to operate equipment without protecting the main units and moving elements.

Domestic modifications use motors of the DM and CADVI 168F-2A series produced by Kaluga Engine JSC. The power of the power plants ranges from 4.4 to 4.8 kW.

Engine DM-1K

Foreign models use power units manufactured by TECUMSEH and Vanguard (USA), Honda and Subaru (Japan), Lianlong and Lifan (China). The motor power ranges from 4.0 to 5.2 kW.

Gearbox

Motoblock gearbox repair

The gearbox of the Luch MB-1 equipment is designed to convert the rotational movement of the engine shaft to the wheels (cultivator). The device is equipped with a two-speed chain reducer.

Attention! The gearbox is initially filled with the required amount of oil. Additional filling is carried out after 25–30 hours of operation of the unit.

For uniform transmission of rotational motion, a shaft unlocking mechanism is installed. The presence of this mechanism increases the maneuverability of the device on straight and curved sections with a load of up to 350 kg and speeds of up to 12 km/h.

Clutch block

The system is designed to transfer rotation from the engine crankshaft to the gear sprockets. Allows you to move forward and backward. The clutch is controlled by a lever on the handle.

Motoblock clutch Luch MB-1

Control system

Designed to change the modes of action, speed and direction of movement of a mechanical device. Consists of a steering wheel, control levers and gear shift knob.

A motor control lever is installed on the right handle of the steering wheel. The left handle has gear shift levers. The steering wheel height is adjusted using a nut connection.

Walk-behind tractor control levers

Chassis

Wheels or a cultivator are installed as elements of the Luch MB-1 chassis. Wheels can be pneumatic or solid rubber. They are designed to move the mechanism on a flat surface. For better traction, stamped steel wheels (lugs) are used.

A cultivator is used to loosen the soil and remove weeds. The device is equipped with two tillers and two cultivators based on a bolted connection. Installed on the output shaft of the gearbox instead of wheels.

Milling cutter for walk-behind tractor

Walk-behind tractor ignition device

The ignition system is one of the most important components of both branded and homemade walk-behind tractors. Its main function is to generate a spark, which is needed for ignition and gradual combustion of fuel in the chrome-plated cylinder of the internal combustion engine.

The simplicity of the factory design of the unit allows you to perform your own repair of the ignition of a walk-behind tractor, which, most often, involves setting a gap between its elements. However, to do this correctly, you need to study the design of the unit.

The ignition device of any household agricultural unit includes a coil, which is initially connected to the electrical power supply of the system, as well as a magneto and spark plugs.
When starting the power unit of the walk-behind tractor, voltage is supplied, as a result of which a pronounced spark is formed between the magnetic “shoe” and the standard spark plug. It is necessary for instant ignition of the fuel, which at this moment is in the combustion chamber of the engine. The photo will tell you more about the structure of the ignition system of the walk-behind tractor used. The electronic ignition system of a walk-behind tractor is also often equipped with breakers that are triggered automatically when any unit malfunction occurs. This leads to an emergency shutdown of electrical power in the network.

Advantages of the Luch MB-1 walk-behind tractor

The MB-1 beam is used for agricultural work at farm enterprises and personal plots. It is distinguished by its versatility, high power, maneuverability and ease of use.

To perform a wide range of tasks, various attachments are installed. Using mounted implements, the following is carried out:

Motoblock Luch MB-1 at work

• plowing the soil;
• harrowing and cultivating land;
• hilling and digging up root crops;
• transportation of goods.

Attention! The operating rules prohibit the movement of the device under its own power along central highways and public roads.

No special technical skills are required to use the device. Some knowledge and experience is required to use the attachment.

The unit can be operated at outdoor temperatures down to -5° C. To facilitate starting at subzero temperatures, add preheated engine oil.

Technical characteristics of the walk-behind tractor Luch MB – 1

The main technical characteristics of the Luch walk-behind tractor are presented in the table.

To perform additional tasks, the unit is equipped with the following equipment:

• rotary mower;
• lugs;
• plow PC-1-18;
• snow blower SM-06;
• trailed trolley TPM-350;
• motor-block brush ShchM-0.9;
• single-row and double-row hillers;
• potato digger KV-2.

Open Joint Stock Company "KALUGA ENGINE"

ENGINE DM-1-01 and its modifications. Operating manual DM1.00.000.5 RE

Engine DM-1-01

is: Powerful, economical,

four-stroke engine Straight-through carburetor with plastic air

filter (the only one

direct-flow carburetor in Russia on engines of this class) Built-in

decompressor……….automatic

Contactless

ignition………..electronic

Operating power up to 6 hp, runs on gasoline AI-80, AI-92 TU 38.001165-2003 or Normal-80, Regular-92 GOST R 51105-97

■ easier starting, both at elevated and negative temperatures;

■ stability of maintenance

rotation speed in any modes

Provides low starting effort

Stable operation at startup and in any mode with minimal radio interference

The engine’s compliance with safety standards is confirmed by certificates of conformity from the State Standard of Russia as part of walk-behind tractors and electrical units

1

ENGINE DM-1-01. GENERAL INSTRUCTIONS

This operating manual applies to the basic model of the DM-1-01 engine and its modifications (hereinafter referred to as the “engine”).

The brands and purposes of engines are presented in Table 1.

Table 1

Engine make

The engines have a plastic fuel tank. **On engines a regular muffler is installed, on others

improved.

Engines for different purposes differ from each other in the dimensions of the output shaft and connecting flange, and carburetor plates.

Motors for electric units and motor pumps are equipped with a STOP button and an oil level sensor.

Only persons who have undergone special training and have thoroughly studied its design and operating rules are allowed to operate the engine.

The operating manual contains basic technical data and a description of the engines, as well as operating and maintenance rules, a list of possible faults and methods for their elimination, preservation (re-preservation), storage and transportation.

Reliability and long-term operation of the engine are guaranteed with timely and high-quality maintenance.

Due to the constant improvement of engines and some design features in the design of a particular engine, for example, the installation of an improved muffler, the text of the technical description may have minor discrepancies with the design of the engine that do not affect performance and performance.

The use of engines in walk-behind tractors and facilities of other enterprises must be agreed with the manufacturer.

contents .. 1 2 3 ..

The procedure for working with a walk-behind tractor

The procedure for operating and servicing the mechanism depends on the type of chassis used.

Vehicle on wheeled chassis

When working with the Luch MB-1 mechanism, the following procedure must be followed:

• Set the gear shift lever to the middle (neutral) position.
• The power unit is started.

Operating manual for walk-behind tractor Luch MB-1

The starting method depends on the modification of the walk-behind tractor.

• At low gas, warm up the engine for 3–4 minutes.
• Using the control levers, the required speed and direction of movement are activated.
• To change gears, stop the walk-behind tractor, release the shift lever in the direction of travel and press the gear shift lever with a little force.
• To stop the mechanism, move the engine control lever to the “Stop” position.

Attention! It is prohibited to simultaneously press the forward and reverse control levers. Failure to comply with this condition may lead to gearbox failure.

Apparatus with cultivator

Cultivator for walk-behind tractor at work

Working with a cultivator involves adjusting its position depending on the category of cultivated land. To do this, the walk-behind tractor is installed parallel to the earth's surface. Adjust the limiter for the penetration of the cultivator cutters into the soil.

Regardless of the soil category, the depth of burial should not exceed 20 cm - on sandy soils and 10 cm - on clay soils and loams. When loosening the soil, the unit covers a strip of land up to 1200 mm wide.

The Luch MB-1 walk-behind tractor is a universal tool. The lightweight unit is an indispensable assistant when cultivating virgin and arable lands.

To deliver tools and materials to the work site, a trailed trolley is used. Snow removal in winter is carried out using additional attachments.

Related video: Motoblock MB-1 “Luch”

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Adjusting the ignition system

How to set the ignition on a Neva walk-behind tractor depends on a number of factors. Nuances:

• model and availability of modernization;
• type of candles;
• setting time, that is, primary or secondary adjustment.

The initial setup is done together with the first run-in of the walk-behind tractor. The secondary one is carried out after any long work processes or downtime.

Before adjusting the ignition, you will need to run-in the walk-behind tractor and also check all other equipment systems.

Important! The ignition of the spark at the moment of ignition is regulated by distribution using the magneto cover, and the lower part of the mechanism interrupts it. For this function to work correctly, configuration and adjustment are required.

In this video you will learn about spark plugs for the Neva walk-behind tractor: When preparing the unit for working condition, how to check the ignition coil:

• the flywheel operating process is initially checked up to the point of contact opening occurring in the magneto;
• the distance between two parts of the system - the “anvil” and the “hammer” is measured;
• turning the flywheel until the piston mechanism is compressed;
• when the flywheel moves to the top, it is turned again. Next, a one-time knock will be heard, which indicates the operation of the overrunning clutch;
• the flywheel turns counterclockwise. The second mark should align with the body mark;
• the distance between the two contacts (cam and breaker) is adjusted. Each model has its own gap. For the Neva, the variation is from 0.25 to 0.35 mm;
• the cam is secured with a special type of screw located at the top.

Important! The standard procedure for setting the ignition is a mandatory procedure for the Neva.

Checking and repairing ignition coils is a mandatory procedure, since after adjustment, engine starting becomes faster and smoother. This leads to slow wear of the piston system group and other engine mechanisms.

These spark plugs fit the Neva walk-behind tractor

MB 1 is the predecessor of the Neva and the same type of ignition option.

Important! Spark plug failure is the most common failure, so it is necessary to have a spare spark plug that has been tested.

All settings and adjustments of the ignition of the walk-behind tractor are carried out only on proven spark plugs that have already been in use.

For engines of type DM 1 or modifications, the list of the most suitable spark plugs includes:

All these options have a thread size of 1.2 centimeters.

It is worth considering that profile candles from various well-known brands are well suited. For example, B8AC.

Saving on candles in the presence of MB class equipment is unacceptable. The same applies to modifications like NEVA.

Checking the performance of the spark plug:

• the candle is turned out;
• wiping the electrodes with a dry cloth;
• removing carbon deposits if present;
• the gap is established between the electrodes;
• a square from a high-voltage wire is attached to the spark plug;
• the spark plug body is pressed against the head of the cylinder;
• Then the crankshaft is turned and it looks to see if there is a spark.

In this way you can check any type of candle.

Important! The clearance size between the starter system and the magnetic shoe is from 0.1 to 0.15 mm.

If the gap is of a different size, it will need to be adjusted. It is worth remembering that each type of walk-behind tractor has its own gap size, but for MB modifications it is located in the range of 0.1-0.15.

Don't forget about the gap

Neva-type equipment differs from similar walk-behind tractors in increased wear resistance and efficiency, but it is necessary to check the ignition coil on the walk-behind tractor before starting work.

The ignition coil is adjusted in the standard way:

• A landscape sheet of A4 format is folded into four;
• two bolts on the module mounting are loosened;
• a folded sheet is placed under the pillow;
• the pillow is pressed through, the fastening bolts are tightened;
• the flywheel rotates;
• check for spark;
• the mechanism is fully installed.

If the cultivator undergoes a major overhaul or any replacement of parts, then the ignition of the MB walk-behind tractor is also checked.

According to clearance checks for MB and further modifications, including the new Neva model range, there are differences in the size of the required clearance. Most of it is set in the operating instructions, which are individual for different types of models.