Maz 6312: technical characteristics, engine

Multipurpose universal carrier 6x4

MAZ-6312 is a family of heavy-duty vehicles with a 6x4 wheel arrangement; a universal platform that can be complemented by a variety of add-on options. The most widespread are MAZs of this model, equipped with an on-board platform and an awning. MAZ-6312 trucks often operate as part of a road train, with trailers, in particular, as grain carriers. Vans, tanks, CMUs and other variants of special superstructures are also installed on the MAZ-6312 chassis.

Features of design and operation

In 2009, the Minsk Automobile Plant carried out a major modernization of its popular families of cars. The changes in appearance were enough to make the appearance of Minsk cars much brighter and more modern. In addition, the updated radiator lining, bumper, side deflectors and fairings have significantly improved the aerodynamics of the cabins, significantly reduced splashing on the sidewalls, and made boarding and entry more convenient. Increased use of plastic and galvanized steel sheets has increased corrosion resistance. And the modernized dashboard, driver's seat and steering wheel made the interior more ergonomic and more convenient for work.

The only complaint is the high loading height, which creates certain inconveniences. But in general, one cannot but give credit to the designers. The minimalistic, quite decent appearance allows us to compare the Belarusian MAZ with European “classmates” trucks.

Additional equipment includes: anti-lock and traction control systems (ABS and ASR) - they are available as standard; sensors for monitoring load capacity and axial load; power rearview mirrors; cruise control system; built-in audio system; Air conditioning is an option for an additional fee.

Description of the car

Especially for operation in countries with tropical climates, the Minsk Automobile Plant designed and produced a separate modification of the MAZ-6312 car. Constant quality control at all stages of vehicle assembly is a guarantee of its long and trouble-free operation.

Cabin and body

A comfortable driving position is one of the main components of road safety. On the Internet you can find only positive reviews about the equipment of all modifications of the heavy Minsk truck. For example, MAZ-6312 grain trucks as standard have a cabin with the following equipment:

1. Comfortable, adjustable driver's seat with shock absorption system and heating.
2. Autonomous air-type heater.
3. Climate control.
4. Radio tape recorder.

Power steering allows you to drive your car without any extra effort. Excellent sound insulation and a convenient location of the dashboard with all the necessary control buttons, the presence of two full-sized berths allow you to get maximum comfort when driving long distances.

Vehicle options:

1. Cruise control.
2. ABS.
3. Electrically adjustable side mirrors.
4. ASR system.
5. Axle load monitoring system.
6. Voltage transformer.
7. Side opening control.

Various body and chassis options allow you to adapt the vehicle to transport cargo for any purpose. The only drawback of the MAZ body is its high loading height . In general, the appearance of the truck turned out to be perfectly composed.

Be sure to read: Technical characteristics of GAZ Valdai

Modifications

1. MAZ-6312A8 - with a 330-horsepower diesel engine YaMZ-6582.10E3; 9-speed gearbox JS135TA9. The technically permissible carrying capacity of the vehicle is 14.05 tons; The technically permissible total weight of the road train is 48 tons. The curb weight of the car is 12.3 tons.

2. MAZ-6312A5 – with a 400-horsepower diesel engine YaMZ-6581.10E3; 12-speed gearbox JS200TA12. The technically permissible carrying capacity of the vehicle is 14.05 tons; The technically permissible total weight of the road train is 52 tons. The curb weight of the car is 12.3 tons.

MAZ-6312 log carrier with a hydraulic manipulator.

3. MAZ-6312A5-370 – with a 330-horsepower diesel engine YaMZ-6582.10E4; 9-speed gearbox JS135A. The technically permissible load capacity of the vehicle is 14.6 tons. The curb weight of the vehicle is 11.75 tons. 4. MAZ-6312W6-8421 - with a 360-horsepower Cummins ISLe360 diesel engine; 12-speed JS135A gearbox. The technically permissible carrying capacity of the vehicle is 14.28 tons.

5. MAZ-6312V9-420 (430.470) – with a 412-horsepower YaMZ-651 diesel engine; 16-speed gearbox ZF S2520TO (available options: JS200TA(14), TMZ 14.180(12). The technically permissible total weight of the road train is 56.5 tons.

Other technical characteristics in numbers (common to all modifications)

• Overall dimensions of the car: length – 7.3 m; width – 2.48 m; height – 2.66 m; wheelbase - 4.4 m.
• The external overall turning radius of the vehicle is no more than 10.6 meters.
• The volume of the fuel tank is 500 liters of diesel fuel.
• Tire size – 315/80R22.5.
• Load distribution: front axle – 7.5 t, rear axle – 19 t, gross vehicle weight – 26.5 t.
• Refueling capacities: engine lubrication system – 32 l; cooling system – 48-50 l; gearbox - 7.5 l; final drive housing, middle axle and rear axle – 13 l (in each mechanism); power steering – 6.5 l; washer fluid reservoir – 10 l; cabin suspension system – 0.75 l; transfer case housing - 4.5 l.
• Internal dimensions of the cargo platform: length - 7.750 x width - 2.48 m x height of standard tilt structure - 2.45 m.
• The volume of the platform with a standard canopy design is 49 cubic meters, the platform area is 20 square meters, the sides are steel in the base.
• Recommended trailers produced by the Minsk Automobile Plant: trailer MAZ-870100-1010 and its modifications, trailer MAZ-870110-1010 and its modifications, trailer MAZ-837810-014 and its modifications.

MAZ-6213 grain carrier.

MAZ-6312 engines

YaMZ-6582.10E3 , like YaMZ-6581.10E3 , is an eight-cylinder liquid-cooled diesel engine with a V-shaped cylinder arrangement, 4-stroke, with direct diesel fuel injection, turbocharging and air-to-air intercooling of the charge air. The fuel supply system is manufactured by YAZDA: high-pressure fuel pump (HPF) 179-20 type “Kompakt-40” with a microprocessor electronic control system. There is a set of sensors: crankshaft speed, charge air pressure and temperature, coolant temperature, diesel fuel temperature, degree of air filter clogging.

Structurally, the engine is based on the Yaroslavl “classic” - the YaMZ-238DE2 engine with common cylinder heads. It differs in a number of technical characteristics due to the installation of electrically controlled fuel equipment with a Compact-40 injection pump and an electronic regulator. As well as changes in the design of a number of engine components and parts, with a closed crankcase ventilation system.

The power of this engine is 243 kW / 330 hp, at a speed of 1900 rpm; the working volume is 14.86 liters. Cylinder diameter – 130 mm; piston stroke – 140 mm. The compression ratio is 17.5:1. Maximum torque – 1274 N·m (130 kgf·m), at 1100-1300 rpm. The minimum specific fuel consumption is 200 g/kWh (147 g/l.h.). Overall dimensions: length 2300 mm / width 1045 mm / height 1100 mm. Motor weight – 1645 kg. In the YaMZ-6581.10E3 modification, the power is increased to 294 kW / 400 hp, and the maximum torque is increased to 1766 N m (180 kgf m).

YaMZ-651 - belongs to the family of modern heavy six-cylinder in-line diesel engines YaMZ-650 with a displacement of 11.12 liters, licensed for production by Yaroslavl Motor. Compared to the 8-cylinder YaMZ-6581.10, which is similar in characteristics - the successor to the “veteran YaMZ-238”, the YaMZ-651 has almost 38% higher liter power, 2.4% lower fuel consumption, 260 kg less weight and 5 .5% more torque. Thanks to the in-line, rather than V-shaped arrangement of the cylinders, it simplifies the installation of equipment necessary to comply with the current environmental standards of the European Union: Euro-4 and Euro-5 (the engine is based on the previous generation Renault engine, so it initially complied only with “ Euro-Z").

YaMZ-651.

The power of this engine is 303 kW / 412 hp. Maximum torque – 1911 N m (195 kgf m), at 1200-1400 rpm. Motor weight – 1150 kg. The service life before major repairs is 15,000 hours, or 1,000,000 km. The YaMZ-651 engine is equipped with a Common Rail fuel supply system manufactured by GRS Bosch, with a maximum injection pressure of 1600 bar, and a cooled exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) system with a catalytic converter. Yaroslavl gearboxes in tandem with YaMZ-651 are not installed on MAZs, opting for imported 16-speed units from ZF.

The Cummins ISLe360 8.9 is a turbocharged inline six-cylinder diesel engine with a displacement of 8.9 liters and an output of 265 kW / 360 hp. (at a rotation speed of 2100 rpm). This is a time-tested power unit, tested on trucks of many brands in the world, as well as on other energy-intensive equipment. This diesel engine has proven to be an extremely reliable engine. In addition, it is significantly lighter in weight than most comparable power units, and is also known as the “quiest” in its class.

The Cummins ISLe360 8.9 is equipped with a powerful HX-40 turbocharger with an adjustable exhaust tract. It provides maximum torque at low revs and high power output at high revs. An additional power take-off shaft is provided to drive auxiliary equipment. Electronic engine control (fuel system type: CommonRail) allows you to achieve excellent engine performance, achieve high fuel efficiency, and provide perfect diagnostics and control.

The monolithic cylinder head is equipped with an integrated intake manifold and fuel delivery system. The air-to-air charge air cooling system provides an increase in power and a reduction in harmful emissions into the surrounding atmosphere. The environmental standard of these Cummins diesel engines is Euro-4 and Euro-5.

The maximum torque is 1550 Nm, at a speed of 1400 rpm. Cylinder diameter: 114 mm. Piston stroke: 145 mm. Compression ratio: 16.6±0.5:1. Garabite dimensions: 1150 mm – length; 890 mm – width and 1020 mm – height. The net weight of the Cummins ISLe360 8.9 engine is 707 kg.

Model range and modifications

Model 6312 is universal and can be upgraded for functional purposes.

The design solution offers 2 types of cabin:

• standard version;
• prefabricated model with custom components.

Transformation occurs due to a change in equipment. The installation of multi-lifts, cranes, tow trucks, freezers, automatic lifts, containers for transporting liquid cargo, mini-ATZ, structures for transporting cylinders, etc. is provided. Models are available for conditions with changing temperatures or for use in hot climates.

To transport products with a short shelf life and medicines, it is possible to install an isothermal block on the chassis. Containers for rail and sea transport can be installed on the machine without additional equipment. It is possible to create a convoy.

Due to its maneuverability, the truck can be used in various areas (from construction sites to transporting goods between cities).

Common modifications:

• grain carrier;
• platform with awning;
• MAZ-6312 with platform;
• MAZ-6312 onboard;
• multilift;
• tank;
• timber carrier;
• log carrier (MAZ-6312n9), etc.

The grain carrier is lined with steel sheets and equipped with reinforced load-bearing elements. Solid welding is used in the manufacture of the frame. The sides are complemented with durable wood, and wear-resistant fabric for the awning is provided.

MAZ-6312A8

MAZ-6312A8 is an improved model. The truck with an awning is equipped with a YaMZ-6581.10 engine with high power and meeting Euro-3 environmental standards. The vehicle meets TIR standards and is suitable for transporting goods of various categories in a convoy. The gearbox is nine-speed. The fuel tank holds up to 500 liters. The machine is equipped with a motor with a power of more than 240 kW/hp.

The truck cabin is spacious, with a high roof, the platform is covered with an awning and has sides. The permitted load on the rear axle is 19 thousand kg. The estimated weight of the convoy reaches 48 thousand kg. The permissible weight for the front axle is 7500 kg. The lifting capacity of the equipment is more than 14 thousand kg.

MAZ-6312A9

The MAZ-6312A9 model is designed for international cargo transportation. The car is equipped with a 16-cylinder diesel engine YaMZ-650-10. The system meets Euro-3 standards. A special cylinder placement scheme allows reducing fuel consumption by 3%. At the same time, the engine power characteristics have increased. Improved equipment allows increasing cargo capacity by up to 15% and increasing vehicle maneuverability.

The body is equipped with rounded headlights of an aerodynamic configuration. The cabin is installed higher than the standard model, thereby ensuring comfortable operation. The permissible weight of a loaded vehicle reaches 26,450 kg, the permissible load of a road train is 52 thousand kg. The front axle can support up to 7450 kg.

On a platform with dimensions of 46 m³, a weight of up to 14,500 kg can be transported. The model is equipped with spring suspension at the rear. The wheels are fastened with pins.

MAZ-6312V3

Modification 6312B3 is a universal cargo lift. The machine is equipped with bins of different sizes and functional purposes. The design is equipped with fastenings (hooks, ropes, clamps), a hydraulic drive, and a load gripping system. Large capacity and low weight allow the machine to be used in an urban environment. The height of the equipment reaches 3700 mm, width - 2540 mm.

The weight of the structure is more than 26 thousand kg. The permitted carrying capacity reaches 17 thousand kg. The machine is equipped with a YaMZ-5361 diesel engine, the power of the device reaches 198 kW (hp). The fuel tank has a volume of 300 liters. The gearbox is mechanized, with 9 gears. The equipment is equipped with disc wheels and reaches speeds of up to 100 km/h. Modifications of the model are produced (MAZ-6312V3-427-010, etc.).

Upon request, the equipment is equipped with an air conditioning system, a heating device, fog lights, a side protection device, etc. A place to rest on long trips in modification is made to order.

MAZ-6312V9

The MAZ-6312V9 log carrier is designed to lift loads up to 20 tons. The machine is optimal for transporting large-sized items with a large mass. It is possible to move waste (bulk, lumpy), containers with a capacity of up to 36 m³. Safety of loading operations is ensured by suspension locks. The design is optimal for transporting compactors or transporting in a convoy. A line of subtypes has been developed (MAZ-6312V9-429-012, etc.), differing in configuration and fastening systems.

The dimensions of the standard onboard platform are 7300x2480x2450 mm. The weight of a loaded machine can reach 26.5 thousand kg. When creating a road train, it is allowed to move more than 56 thousand kg. The vehicle is equipped with a YaMZ-651.10 engine with a power of 412 hp. The tank capacity is 500 liters, the car can reach speeds of up to 90 km/h.

MAZ-6312V9-420-015 is equipped with a cabin with 2 seats for rest, an on-board platform, and a Mercedes OM501LA engine that meets the Euro-4 standard.

MAZ-6312V9-426-012 is equipped with a VM 10L74 hydraulic manipulator from the Palfinger concern under license. The multi-tonnage vehicle is tilted and is suitable for moving between large settlements or within the city.

Modification 6312B9-420-010 is equipped with 3 axles, has a diesel engine, and a spring-balance rear suspension. The 18 m³ platform can accommodate large cargo. The machine is equipped with equipment with Euro-4 environmental safety class. MAZ-6312V9-420-010 is equipped with a 412 hp engine. With.

MAZ-6312V5

Model 6312B5 is designed to work with assembly, utility installations, fire, special equipment, etc. The vehicle has a 4x2 wheel arrangement and reaches speeds of up to 85 km/h. The permitted weight of the road train is more than 56 thousand kg. The car is equipped with a spacious cabin with 2 folding seats for relaxation while traveling.

The vehicle is equipped with a YaMZ-536 engine with a power rating of 228 kW. The motor has an environmental class of Euro-3. The radius of the external turning of the machine is no more than 10.6 m. The equipment is equipped with ABS brakes, and optional brake braking. Modifications of the model (MAZ-6312V5-455-012, etc.) may differ in technical parameters, power, equipment, fastenings, etc.

MAZ-6312S9

The MAZ-6312S9 model is designed for installation of superstructures of construction units, utility installations, moving large cargo, etc. The permitted lifting weight reaches 10 thousand kg. A loaded vehicle can weigh up to 19 thousand kg; the mass of a convoy reaches 56.5 thousand kg according to standards. The vehicle is equipped with a YaMZ-651.10 diesel engine.

The equipment is equipped with a mechanized gearbox, which has up to 12 forward gears. The fuel tank size is 500 l. Vehicles reach speeds of up to 85 km/h.

The machine is equipped with a speed limiting system. A protective device in the front block, fog lights, cabin ventilation and heating systems, and brackets for adjusting weights can be installed on equipment upon request.

The MAZ-6312S9-520-015 modification is equipped with a towing device and an improved engine model (YaMZ-653.10). The machine has up to 16 gear shifts. A spacious platform is constructed, complemented by reinforced steel sides.

Transmission

Inexpensive and fairly reliable JS gearboxes, produced by the Chinese companies Shaanxi / Shaft, have been purchased by the Minsk Automobile Plant since 2006 and are used on many models of MAZ trucks. They have proven themselves well, but, of course, ZF boxes look preferable.

Gearbox ZF 16S2520TO (number of gears 16 forward / 1 reverse), manufactured by German (“ZF”). Such mechanical 16-speed gearboxes have passed repeated and serious tests of time. They excel in difficult operating conditions, at low speeds, where precision control is critical. The verified European standard of ZF gearboxes allows you to achieve perfect synchronization with a diesel engine of any brand. Refers to a series of gearboxes with a double intermediate shaft. ZF gearboxes are known for being highly reliable and durable in use.

The ZF 16S2520TO gearbox consists of the following main components: a main four-stage gearbox, a front two-stage gear divider and a range factor. All forward gears in the main gearbox are activated by synchronizers, and the reverse gear is activated by a gear clutch. The highest gear is overdrive. The multiplier is planetary and is automatically switched using a pneumatic valve by a synchronizer when the lever is moved in neutral from the 3-4 gear position to 5-6 and vice versa. The gear divider is mechanical and consists of two pairs of cylindrical gears and a synchronizer. The divider control is pneumatic. The weight of the gearbox is 290 kg. Maximum torque – 1850 N.m.

WIDE RANGE OF MAZ GRAIN TRUCKS IN A RELIABLE SECTION

The catalog offers to buy a MAZ grain truck at an adequate price. The vehicles described above have been used in the agricultural sector for a long time and have an excellent reputation.

If a person wants to get acquainted with the technical characteristics, basic and additional equipment, or a full description of the model, then he just needs to click on one of the proposed models and study the table of grain truck parameters.

If necessary, you can call the company’s consultants and consult with them on issues of interest. They will informatively tell you what such a vehicle is, in what area it should be used and at what prices it is sold.

Cabin MAZ-6312

MAZ acquired a modern cabin with European level of comfort and equipment earlier than KamAZ. After restyling in 2009, all trucks of the MAZ-6312 family are equipped with spacious double and double-berth cabins, with comfortable modern adjustable seats. These seats are available in two versions: with air suspension or with four-point sprung mounting. The steering column is adjustable in two planes. The steering of the MAZ-6312 is exceptionally simple and convenient, thanks to the hydraulic power steering. The cabin has numerous compartments and shelves for things and documents, as well as a convenient tool box.

The use of modern materials has made it possible to significantly strengthen the heat, vibration and sound insulation of the truck cabin. During the cold season, a comfortable air temperature for work is quickly achieved and well maintained here. The noise and vibration loads of the engine do not bother you while traveling: in the MAZ-6312 cabin you can talk without raising your voice.

Reviews from owners and drivers

There are only good reviews about all the engines that MAZ-6312 cars are equipped with: their power is quite enough for any operating conditions, the traction is confident, with a reserve, and the car demonstrates acceptable diesel fuel consumption. Unpleasant moments are associated with the faulty assembly of the car and some indicators of its reliability.

“At 3000 km the check light started to light up. Diagnostics showed that the EGR valve is faulty. Tell me, is this normal? It would be fine for another 30 thousand km, but not for 3 thousand. The officials threw up their hands and offered to sew it up to Euro-2. I didn't like this idea. At 10 thousand km, the front heater (heater) stopped working. Fortunately, by that time it was warmer outside and I didn’t have to urgently repair it. Then, at about 15 thousand km, problems began with the cooling hoses - they fell off twice, and both times I had to buy 30 liters of coolant. And recently clicks have appeared - mainly on uneven surfaces. I examined everything I could, but found nothing. There is a suspicion that this sound is made by the springs,” says one of the owners.

Some owners and drivers criticize the cabin, which, although quite modern, still does not reach the level of comfort and equipment of similar European-made cars. The paintwork is called insufficient quality, the brakes are weak, and the electronics are tight.

The vehicle's cross-country ability is not bad, especially considering that this is not an all-terrain vehicle, but a long-haul asphalt truck. It easily overcomes both loose snow and moderate mud. With handling, everything is also in order - it holds the road normally - both normal and winter - snowy. “Off-road, on snow and ice, with good tires, the MAZ-6312 feels confident, but due to glitchy electronics, it’s somehow dangerous to send it to distant places where there is no specialized service,” says one of the owners. .

It is puzzling and indignant that many machines come from the factory unstrung - we have to check almost every connection ourselves. But this still needs to be done at the factory, during assembly. In terms of price, the MAZ-6312 is relatively inexpensive, at least significantly cheaper than its European classmates. But it requires more attention, and minor annoying breakdowns happen much more often. According to one of the carriers, “I also have a Mercedes, a Daf and an Iveco Yu. Yes, these cars also require regular attention, but this attention began after 600 thousand km, and the MAZ-6312 had already been sorted out by 250 thousand km, one might say.”

Cost of the MAZ-6312 car

In 2022, the price of a new MAZ-6312 truck starts at: 4,150,000 rubles – chassis; 4,430,000 – flatbed truck; 4,400,000 – tented; 4,950,000 – “grain truck” version, with a dump body for double-sided unloading; 5,000,000 – with a refrigerated van; 5,150,000 – tank truck (fuel tanker); 5,800,000 – with a powerful “scrap/metal truck” body.

Used cars of this model are widely represented on electronic bulletin boards. Prices range from 1,200,000 to 3,000,000 rubles, depending on the year of manufacture, technical condition and equipment.

The cargo platform can be made in a wide variety of types. Typical cargo containers of various types can be transported on an open platform. Isometric vans are used to transport products that are not suitable for high temperatures. The body structure of channel and metal sheets is intended for use of the vehicle as a grain carrier (as a road train, together with a trailer of comparable load-carrying capacity).

Absolutely all owners criticize the headlights of these cars. Not only for poor lighting, but also for the fact that water gets into them. Therefore, often right at the car dealership, when buying a car, dealers immediately offer to buy other, good headlights. Those who refuse very soon find out from their own experience what this proposal meant - moisture gets into the headlights, they fog up, and then the reflectors gradually begin to peel off and the cartridges begin to rust. Attempts to combat this phenomenon (with sealant, hair dryer, etc.) take time and do not always give the desired result.

WHAT IS THE MAZ GRAIN TRUCK

MAZ grain carrier is considered a type of special vehicles that have found their application in agriculture. They include a body for transporting relevant products and other types of bulk cargo. Such vehicles have long been used during harvesting, as they effectively cope with their tasks. Among other things, MAZ grain trucks can also be used for transporting oilseeds and leguminous crops.

As for the body design of the car described above, it is considered to be as simplified and multifunctional as possible, making it convenient to load and transport grain. All sections of double-layer sides open automatically, thereby guaranteeing safety, protecting cargo from spilling and ensuring reliability during unloading processes.

Before you buy a MAZ grain truck , you should decide on some characteristics. We are talking about a three-axis rectangular engine made of steel sheets and a special profile. As for the carrying capacity of the models, it can range from 19 to 30 tons. There are bridles on the top of the body to increase the level of convenience when lifting a loaded vehicle. This allows you to significantly reduce the time required for unloading. Some models are equipped with mechanical winding elements.