Operating manuals for tillage equipment

A walk-behind tractor is an indispensable piece of equipment for both small-scale and large-scale farming. At its affordable cost, it, together with classical soil cultivation, performs many other functions - hilling beds, digging potatoes, preparing haylage, transporting goods and sowing grain or vegetable crops. When the need arises to purchase this equipment, the question immediately arises - who to give preference to - an imported or domestic walk-behind tractor. But thanks to the Salyut brand, we can confidently answer in favor of “our” manufacturer.

Motoblocks "Salut" are one of the exemplary cultivators produced (Yaroslavl region). Its initial development went on sale in 2002, which served as a basis for new innovative developments and design solutions embodied in later models.

Advantages of Salyut cultivators:

• wear resistance of materials and fasteners;
• productive motor systems for various volumes of work and load;
• universal cutter design designed for the prevailing soil types in Eurasia;
• rational consumption of fuel and lubricants;
• adaptability to work in a wide range of environmental conditions;
• opportunities for cultivation in fields located at a slope of 15-30 0 (while many domestic brands give a limit of 10 0).

Like any other equipment, Salyut walk-behind tractors have certain disadvantages:

• no wheel differential lock;
• ill-conceived lighting for operation at night and in poor visibility;
• fragility of the belt drive.

Despite these nuances, which do not significantly affect the productivity of the unit or are eliminated during self-repair, the competitive position of this tillage equipment remains high.

The structure of the Salyut walk-behind tractor in detail

All Salyut cultivators have a characteristic appearance - a bright red metal body, handles, shields, which are combined with classic black working units. Their internal structure is shown in the photo below.

According to the schematic legend:

1. Wheelbase;
2. Spring-loaded support;
3. Motor;
4. Gas tank;
5. Belt drive protection;
6. Steering column lever;
7. Speed ​​switch;
8. Steering support;
9. Clamping element for attaching cultivator handles;
10. Handles for gripping and controlling its operation;
11. Kingpin;
12. Clip;
13. Opener bracket;
14. Bolted connection;
15. Screw;
16. Clamp;
17. Stopper;
18. Coulter holder;
19. Axis;
20. Latch.

The following figure shows the relative positions of the main controls, including:

1. Lever for adjusting the throttle valve;
2. Fuel container;
3. Gasoline drain valve;
4. Gearbox;
5. Central axis;
6. Tire;
7. Clutch handle;
8. Clutch cable4
9. Throttle regulator;
10. Fenders.

Leading units of any Salyut walk-behind tractor:

• engine - the brand uses mainly 4-stroke Chinese Lifan engines, but in recent years models have appeared with Honda and Robin-Subaru engines, as well as with American (Briggs & Stratton) power plants. All of them have an overhead valve arrangement and air cooling to protect against overheating. The company’s immediate plans include producing diesel walk-behind tractors with increased performance;
• gearbox - in budget models its role is played by 1 or several chains, in more expensive ones - a gear reducer connected to the gearbox into a single link. The production resource of the latter is about 3 thousand engine hours;
• transmission – multi-stage with reversible capability;
• clutch – transmits the torque coming from the motor to the gearbox itself. It is represented by 2 V-belts, under which the motor shaft is equipped with a pulley with grooves of different sizes. It is also characteristic that by turning the pulley you can double the number of available working gears.

Motoblock "Salyut" 5BS

One of the most popular models of the Salyut line. It is a small-sized agricultural machinery designed for work in the garden and vegetable garden. It is distinguished by its versatility of use, which makes it indispensable not only during the planting or harvesting season, but also in winter. Unlike later modifications, it comes with a Brigss&Stratton engine generating 6 hp. Thanks to the arched tire tread and excellent balancing of the structure, it can be used even on wet soil.

Features of the Salyut 5 BS walk-behind tractor:

• the service life of a 5.5-horsepower engine is 4.5 thousand hours;
• 3-speed transmission with reverse function;
• the ability to set the exact plowing depth within 250 mm;
• three cultivation width positions - 35/62/89 cm due to the extension sleeve for the wheel axles;
• light weight (78 kg) with compact dimensions - 135 x 60 x 110 cm.

The most famous modification of the 5 BS is the Salyut 5 BS-1, which differs from the base in lower fuel consumption and lighter weight (72 kg), and the 5L-6.5 with the Lifan engine, generating a thrust of 6.5 hp.

Characteristics

The Salyut-100 walk-behind tractor, with its rather impressive engine power, has minimal fuel consumption and amounts to no more than 395 g per hour of work. In addition, a design feature is the lowest location of the motor, which determines the lowest center of gravity. This ensures easy controllability and virtually no stalling.

General technical specifications

Engines

The manufacturing plant took the choice of engines for its walk-behind tractors seriously: regardless of the popularity of the brand, before deciding to use a motor in the package, they all underwent thorough testing in the laboratories of the Scientific and Production Center for suitability for the Salyut-100.

The main parameters for getting a motor cultivator: stable operation, high service life, low noise and vibration (affect the safe duration of operation). Therefore, we can say that the Salyut-100 is equipped with only the best engines, and you can be sure that the product will last a long time.

The most popular among the Salyut-100 is the Chinese Lifan model 168F-2 - the relatively low cost of the engine affects the final price of the walk-behind tractor itself.

American engines are installed at 6.5 hp: Briggs & Stratton Vanguard and I/C and Kohler series. Japanese engines are represented by the Subaru EX17 and Honda GX 200 and the GC 190 model.

The most powerful in the line now is Salyut-100 with a Hwasdan H170F engine (Lifan 170F line) with 7 hp.

Gearbox

The new models of Salyut-100 walk-behind tractors are equipped with a new gearbox, the gears of which are made of high-strength steel. They can withstand enormous loads.

The gearbox is mechanical, oil-filled and fully geared - the latter distinguishes it favorably from the regulators of other walk-behind tractors, which may additionally contain a chain drive, which stretches, sags and can break due to excessive loads. It comes in a durable aluminum case, and the reliable gear drive has an increased service life of more than 3,000 operating hours.

The Salyut-100 gearbox is equipped with three gears (2 forward, 1 reverse), and the control lever with neutral positions between speeds is located on the steering column for convenience.

The oil level in the motor-cultivator gearbox is checked with a special dipstick, which is included in the spare parts kit.

Transmission

The gearbox of the Salyut-100 walk-behind tractor allows you to select the required speed during operation. Thanks to the gearbox with a convenient handle on the steering wheel, you can use the equipment to transport goods using a transport trolley.

The clutch mechanism on the Salyut-100 walk-behind tractor consists of the following parts:

• Drive V-belts (2 pcs.).
• Tension roller with lever.
• Return spring.
• Rod with control lever.

The V-belt drive transmits torque from the engine to the gearbox. By pressing the clutch lever, the belt tension roller rises, transmitting the rotation of the drive pulley of the running motor to the driven gearbox.

The engine pulley (SM) includes 4 strands of 2 pairs of different diameters. There are 3 grooves on the gearbox pulley, two of which are used by drive belts, and the middle one can be used to connect various active attachments. When rearranging the belts into streams of smaller diameter on the motor power take-off pulley, the Salyut-100 walk-behind tractor is adjusted to a lower speed mode, which is necessary to perform some work (plowing virgin soil, cultivating, etc.).

Motoblock "Salyut" 100 L-6.5

A heavy series walk-behind tractor equipped with a Chinese Lifan 168F-2 power plant. Ideal for medium and large land holdings over 50 acres. It has a classic well-balanced design, which allows it to be used as a traction force. With a gasoline consumption of up to 1.5 liters, the equipment is capable of towing 700 kg of luggage. Standard cutters are a convenient solution for over-compacted soils and virgin soil.

Advantages:

• motor with a power of 6.5 hp, which is started via a manual starter;
• 3-position transmission steering;
• durable gear reducer for long work shifts;
• reinforced belt for transmitting torque by the motor, the durability of which has been proven by reviews from owners;
• competitive plowing performance – up to 0.8 m wide and 0.25 m deep;

Purpose

Walk-behind tractors have a gasoline engine with a capacity of 3.5 to 7.5 liters.
pp., which sets in motion various working elements. In this case, various trailed equipment is often used: rotors with special cutters, plows, mowers, snow removal equipment, carts, brushes, sprayers that can be installed on this walk-behind tractor. The walk-behind tractor is designed for use in areas with mild climates. Its use as a soil cultivator will be especially profitable at ambient temperatures from +1 to +40°C. If you strictly follow the operating rules, maintenance and storage specified in the manual (supplied with the walk-behind tractor), the service life will be many times longer

Please note that the first 25 hours of operation of the unit are considered a period of “breaking in” of the engine (grinding in moving engine parts to each other) and other mechanisms. Therefore, you should not immediately use the full potential of the walk-behind tractor immediately from the moment of purchase.

To use a walk-behind tractor, you do not need any special skills, but it is necessary to take into account that the use of some trailed equipment requires certain skills. For example, during soil cultivation, the area between the cutter and the gearbox housing tends to become clogged with various debris (stones, grasses and other objects). If the space is still clogged, in order to avoid failure of the V-belts, it is necessary to stop the engine and clear the cutters of objects stuck in them.

Motoblock "Salyut" GC-190

A walk-behind tractor powered by a Honda power plant. In operation it is an improved version of the cultivators discussed above. With its light weight and compact shape, it can be easily operated by a person without special training. In addition, thanks to the steering column, which is adjustable in 2 planes, there is absolutely no feeling of fatigue. Wide pneumatic tires are gentle on the soil and do not cause erosion or over-compaction of the surface layer.

Technical specifications:

1. 5 hp potential with an energy intensity of 350 g/kW*hour;
2. manual transmission with 6 speeds within 2-7.8 km/h;
3. V-belt clutch;
4. optimal turning radius of wheels – 150 cm;
5. rod control through the steering wheel;
6. spacious gas tank with a volume of 3.1 liters.

Description

Improved ergonomic design, comfortable control, high maneuverability, stability, stable operation - this is an incomplete list of distinctive characteristics that distinguish the Salyut 100 R-M1 walk-behind tractor.

The walk-behind tractor package includes:

• 6 cutters instead of four;
• special plant protection discs;
• pneumatic wheels;
• axle extensions;
• opener

Engine

Engine Robin Subaru EX17

Due to the unique design features of the engine of the Robin Subaru EX 17, 6 hp walk-behind tractor. Salyut100 R-M1 is one of the most reliable walk-behind tractors in the line of equipment of a similar group. Subaru is characterized by high reliability, increased service life, quick start-up, low exhaust emissions, and reduced noise levels.

Recommendations for use:

• Regarding the first start - change the oil after the first 20 hours of operation.
• Regularly check the oil level, condition of the spark plugs, and air filter.
• To avoid overheating, it is necessary to clean the cylinder fins in a timely manner.
• Gasoline AI-92 and AI-95.
• Motor oil class SE and higher in temperate climates (SG, SH, SJ) SAE 10W-30, in cold weather - SAE 5W-30.

In October 2016, the Japanese corporation FHI (Fuji Heavy Industries Ltd) decided to merge production with the automobile company Subaru, and a year later, in September 2022, it completely stopped producing compact engines for garden equipment. The merger is aimed at increasing competitiveness and developing the automotive business. Naturally, today the opportunity to purchase such a walk-behind tractor is decreasing every day.

Transmission

The transmission of the walk-behind tractor is clutch and gearbox, gear-chain reducer, oil TM 5-18 (TAD17I).

The designers took into account the opinion of walk-behind tractor owners - the speed control handle (2.8 km/h - 7.8 km/h) was moved from the gearbox to the steering wheel. There is a special oil dipstick. Gear shifting is carried out using a lever on the gearbox housing.

Control handle of the walk-behind tractor Salyut 100 R-M1

Changing the speed range is done by changing the drive belts on the drive pulley or by reinstalling the power take-off pulley as described in the instructions for the walk-behind tractor.

Frame

The frame is made of stamped steel angles on which the main components of the walk-behind tractor are installed. Thanks to the lowered center of gravity shifted forward, it is convenient to operate the Salut 100 R-M1 walk-behind tractor. Lightweight, maneuverable, and at the same time stable body does not collapse when plowing.

Motoblock Salyut 100 R-M1

Pulley

Pulley

Side pulley for V-belt drive (SOM) - a side shaft for V-belt drive, is the middle runner of the driven pulley. Serves as a drive for auxiliary devices.

Milling cutters

The cutters are sickle-shaped, forged knives are made of special spring steel (6 pieces), they differ in right and left execution.

Milling cutters

Wheels

Wheels with pneumatic tires are used to transport goods and the walk-behind tractor itself. For optimal maneuverability, instead of pneumatic wheels, when operating with mounted units, metal lugs are mounted.

When working with a vegetable digger or a two-row hiller, it is recommended to install wheels with a diameter of more than 500 mm.

Hitch bracket

The coupling bracket is installed in the rear part of the walk-behind tractor; it is necessary for connecting mounted units with a universal hitch or directly.

Hitch bracket

Attachments for the Salyut walk-behind tractor

Motoblocks "Salut" are supplied only with 6-section tillers. The user purchases all other accessories for them independently.

There are several ways to aggregate attachments to such cultivators:

1. Through the gear axis: cutters; weights; metal lug wheels; rippers;
2. On a bracket with or without a hitch: plows; vegetable and potato diggers; mini carts; harrows; potato planter; shovel blade;
3. On the power take-off pulley: feed cutters; prefix-generator; rotary mowers; adapter for snow removal; installations for woodworking.

According to owner reviews, these walk-behind tractors are also well compatible with utility brushes and lawn mowing attachments.

Operation and maintenance of Salyut walk-behind tractors

The success of using cultivators depends entirely on the user. If you follow the standards specified by the manufacturer in the operating instructions, they will last for decades. For this:

1. After purchase, a new unit is run in for 25 hours to break in spare parts, which implies a gentle short-term load according to the video instructions;
2. The run-in device is checked for belt tension and integrity of connections;
3. After every 25 hours worked, monitor the oil level in the gearbox and top up if necessary;
4. 50 hours - change the lubricant in the engine crankcase;
5. 100 hours – clean the walk-behind tractor from dirt and dust deposits, change the gear oil and renew the belts;
6. 300 hours – lubricate the throttle and clutch cables with oil.