HTZ 181 crawler tractor technical characteristics

HTZ 181 is a universal crawler tractor, and one of the most technologically advanced models of the Kharkov Tractor Plant. The machine entered production in 1995. The model in question is considered a multi-purpose tractor, intended mainly for agriculture. This is a general purpose tractor designed for a wide range of agricultural work. The equipment supports a large number of mounted, semi-mounted and trailed devices, and is equipped with a powerful power unit, a modernized gearbox and reinforced mechanisms for adaptation to difficult-to-reach conditions. In this article we will consider the main capabilities of the HTZ 181 tractor, its advantages and characteristics.

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• 1 Description and purpose of HTZ 181
• 2 Characteristics of HTZ 181
• 3 Features of device and operation
• 4 Photo HTZ 181
• 5 Video HTZ 181
• 6 Price
• 7 Reviews

Description and purpose of HTZ 181

KhTZ 181 is a multi-purpose tractor created on the basis of tracked vehicles from Soviet times. The machine has incorporated the best technologies and components from its predecessors, and also received modern equipment and equipment. The main scope of application of HTZ 181 is plowing with a depth of up to 400 mm, cultivation, hilling, harrowing, sowing and harvesting technical and grain crops, working with fertilizers, as well as trailer loads. For example, if necessary, the tractor can be equipped with a PLN-6.35 plow, as well as a KTS-6 heavy cultivator. The machine has proven itself effectively in pre-sowing soil cultivation, as well as other popular procedures - peeling, disking, snow retention and transportation of various loads. The HTZ 181 model has earned a high level of trust among representatives of the public and private sectors of the economy - public utilities, as well as entrepreneurs and businessmen who successfully make money by renting tractors.

Analogs

Today, this is a Belarus 2103 brand caterpillar tractor identical in power and purpose. From the range offered, we can name the model and, but these machines belong to a smaller traction category.

The HTZ-181 tracked tractor belongs to the fourth traction class. This is one of the newest production models of the Kharkov Tractor Plant, the production of which has been carried out, with varying degrees of success, since 1995. "KhTZ-181" refers to general purpose agricultural tractors. It is designed to perform a full range of agricultural work with all kinds of mounted, semi-mounted and trailed equipment. The strengths of this model are the powerful and fairly modern YaMZ-238KM2-3 engine and a modernized gearbox with a two-flow hydraulic system for controlling hydraulic clutches. All details about KhTZ-181 are in this publication.

In the external appearance of the KhTZ-181 one can easily discern the outlines of the T-150 tractor, which is perfectly familiar to everyone who “comes from the USSR.” Indeed, “KhTZ-181” was created on the basis of this glorious mass family of wheeled and tracked tractors of the Soviet era, unified among themselves. Like its famous predecessor, the HTZ-181 tractor is designed to perform energy-intensive agricultural work, primarily soil cultivation, as well as harvesting.

The peak of development of the Kharkov Tractor Plant occurred precisely at the beginning of the notorious “perestroika”. In the mid-80s of the twentieth century, KhTZ produced 70 thousand tractors a year and supplied them to 36 countries. The KhTZ training workshop, operating since 1961, was known throughout the country, where good conditions were created for innovators and experimenters and work was constantly carried out to improve tractors of the popular T-150 family.

The total number of tractors produced by the plant since 1931 reached 2.5 million units in the 80s. In addition, workshops producing armored vehicles for the needs of the Ministry of Defense were working steadily: self-propelled artillery mounts, armored personnel carriers and army tractors.

Now, of course, there can be no talk of such production volumes. Throughout the 90s/2000s, it passed from one owner to another, several times stopping production altogether for 3-10 months. The production of armored vehicles was completely stopped in 2008. The best year for KhTZ in recent history was 2005, when the company produced 2,500 tractors.

However, over the years, a number of attempts have been made to introduce into mass production new models of tractors of different traction classes - from the small tractor for small farms "KhTZ-2410" (with a Chinese diesel engine 25 hp), to the first Kharkov industrial and road construction bulldozer "TS-10" (in collaboration with the Bosch concern); Work continued on modernizing models based on the classic T-150. One of such quite successful projects of the enterprise was “KhTZ-181”.

The main set of works for which the HTZ-181 tractor can be most effectively used is as follows: plowing (up to 40 cm deep), continuous cultivation, harrowing, sowing and harvesting grain and industrial crops, fertilizing in a unit with trailed, semi-mounted and special-purpose attachments.

The "KhTZ-181" tractor is aggregated with trailed, semi-mounted, mounted, semi-trailered, hydraulically powered agricultural tractors. machines and implements, primarily with the PLN-6-35 plow; cultivator “2KPS-4”, heavy cultivator “KTS-6”. In addition to plowing and soil cultivation, the participation of the HTZ-181 tractor is expected in solving such tasks as final pre-sowing tillage, early spring moisture closure, peeling, discing, sowing, harvesting grain crops, snow retention and cargo transportation.

Despite the fact that in recent years there has been a tendency in the country's peasant farms towards the actual abandonment of tracked vehicles in favor of wheeled tractors; The technical characteristics of a tracked vehicle, compared to a wheeled one, allow it to process much more complex soils with high resistance. And also work successfully, including on waterlogged soils in spring and winter for snow retention.

Characteristics of HTZ 181

• Developer – Kharkov Tractor Plant
• Engine type – eight-cylinder diesel YaMZ-238KM2-3
• Power – 140 horsepower
• Revolutions per minute – 2100 rpm
• Working volume – 15 liters
• Electric starter – yes
• Fuel consumption – 220 g/kW per hour
• Clutch – dry single disc
• Manual transmission - yes
• Wheelbase volume – 2300 mm
• Track dimensions – 1435 mm
• Tractor dimensions, mm: Length – 5455, Width – 1960, Height – 3170
• Ground clearance – 300 mm
• Tractor weight – 9050
• Fuel tank capacity – 430 liters
• The load capacity of the rear linkage is 3500 kgf.

Operational and technical characteristics

The overall dimensions of the powerful HTZ-181 tractor correspond to the parameters of the 5th traction class. The car, whose length is 5.46, width 1.96 and height 2.88 meters, is characterized by an extended wheelbase of 1.44 meters, identical track width and ground clearance of 30 cm.

The channel frame serves as the basis for housing the power unit with power transmission, cabin, fuel tank and on-board hydraulic system. The chassis is of a balancing type with two rolling axes and side suspensions. The tractor is turned by turning off the multi-disc clutch and tightening the corresponding band brake.

The tractor is characterized by increased comfort and safety of cab operation. The air conditioning of its internal volume has been significantly improved, visibility has been improved, and the placement of controls has become more convenient. The two-seater sealed cabin is equipped with an adjustable seat, a rigid internal frame, and a set of on-board electronics. The level of vibration protection and heat and sound insulation has been significantly increased.

Features of the device and operation

1. The HTZ-181 tractor is equipped with a proven YaMZ-238KM2-3 diesel engine, which was provided by the Russian Yaroslavl plant. The engine is an 8-cylinder unit with a V-shaped cylinder arrangement, 4-stroke layout and direct fuel injection. The injection system is responsible for uniform distribution of the combustible mixture throughout the combustion chamber, while ensuring low fuel consumption. In addition, among other components, we note liquid cooling, which is responsible for preventing overheating in hot weather. A preheater and an electric starter are responsible for efficient and uninterrupted engine starting at extremely low temperatures. In fact, the YaM-238KM2-3 motor is technically an analogue of the YaMZ-238M2 motor. The main difference between the improved installation is the presence of a flywheel with a diaphragm clutch, as well as other minor elements. The YaMZ-238KM2-3 unit was originally developed for the tracked modification of the KhTZ-181. The motor has proven itself to be reliable, powerful and inexpensive to maintain. With a power of 190 horsepower, it develops 687 N/m of torque and consumes an average of 238 g/kW per hour of fuel.
2. The HTZ-181 tractor is equipped with a gearbox with 9 forward and 3 reverse gears. The gearbox operates with virtually no noise or vibration, and gear shifts are extremely precise and are not accompanied by jerking or jerking - both when moving to the next and lower speeds. Moreover, you can operate the gearshift lever on the go, and without loss of power. The box is complemented by a power take-off shaft with operating modes of 500-1000 rpm. This component made it possible to improve the endurance of the gearbox, as well as increase the tractor's cargo capabilities.
3. The HTZ-181 model received a lever-type attachment. The hitch is driven by a hydraulic mechanism with a high-capacity hydraulic pump. Thanks to this, the tractor is able to withstand the most complex wide-cut implements, including trailed hydraulic machines and other attachments. Of course, the robust hydraulics contributed to the increased lifting capacity, up to 3,500 kg.
4. The tractor is equipped with an all-metal cab with a rigid frame structure, which is designed to protect the operator in the event of a rollover, which is very important when working on rough terrain. In addition, the cabin is reliably protected from corrosion in the area of ​​the door sills and the bottom. The cabin will accommodate two people - the driver and his assistant. The developers equipped the interior with multi-layer noise and vibration insulation, as well as an air conditioning system. The air conditioner and heater create the required warmth or coolness in the cabin, depending on the climatic and temperature conditions. We also note the extensive panoramic glazing, which significantly improves visibility. We will also add large rear-view mirrors here. The basic package already includes a front windshield wiper, a first aid kit, a special niche for installing an audio system with an antenna, sun visors, floor mats, etc. If necessary, the seat and steering column can be adjusted to suit your height and body composition. The front panel houses instruments and levers, including adjustment of the power take-off shaft, control of the automatic coupler and mounted implements. At the rear of the cabin there is a fuel tank mounted on longitudinal reinforcements.
5. The HTZ-181 tractor is easy to maintain and is characterized by increased maintainability, and from this point of view it is noticeably superior to foreign analogues. The minimum set of electronics, the absence of complex devices and the low cost of spare parts made the KhTZ-181 model very profitable for many years of operation. In addition, the machine is unified with mounted implements from third-party manufacturers. All spare parts can be found in large quantities on the secondary market, and equipment can be repaired in a garage or field.
6. The HTZ-181 model is equipped with an all-wheel drive tracked chassis, which, in addition to excellent cross-country ability, provides ideal directional stability on any surface. This heavy-duty chassis, coupled with inter-axle locks, allows the tractor to overcome deep ruts and holes, as well as muddy soil and 30 percent inclines. In addition, this is facilitated by high ground clearance, reliable adhesion of the tracks to the ground and prevention of slipping, minimal body overhangs, and high approach and departure angles.

Design features

The design of the HTZ-181 model tractor is based on rich experience in operating tracked vehicles of previous models and new technical developments that bring the design of the machine to the level of modern standards.

Thanks to the extended base and 5-roller spring-torsion suspension, the ground pressure is only 0.40 kg/cm2. A full-fledged chassis with an increased resource also provides the tractor with excellent traction with the ground, smooth running in transport gears, and a minimum turning radius, which is especially important when operating the tractor unit in small areas.

A machine that successfully combines budget cost, wide agricultural functionality, simple and economical maintenance, and a long service life is still in high demand on the tractor market.

The model developed on the basis of a wheeled prototype, in turn, became the basis for the creation of a fundamentally new tractor HTZ-200. An analogue with a more advanced design is characterized by lower fuel consumption and increased productivity.

Photo: HTZ-181 at work

Photo HTZ 181

Reviews

• Yaroslav, Stavropol region. HTZ-181 is a universal tractor for all needs. The tracked chassis helps a lot. But mediocre reliability makes you wonder - maybe it was worth choosing a foreign car? But on the other hand, high maintainability and cheap spare parts - all this benefits the HTZ-181 tractor, and in this regard it is better suited for domestic conditions. We have a John Deere car on our farm, which is very reliable, but expensive to maintain.
• Vitaly, St. Petersburg. HTZ-181 is effectively used in our farms when loading and unloading heavy objects - largely due to its lifting capacity of over 3.5 tons. The robust design and steel frame keep the operator safe in the event of a rollover. I would also like to draw your attention to the controls, which are conveniently located and, as they say, at hand. I am not particularly worried about the quality of the fuel being poured in, since our tractor is omnivorous. All my work colleagues are generally satisfied with the machine. The trial version has been in use for three months. Since we liked the car, we will order a few more.
• Vladimir, Ryazan. KhTZ-181 is a powerful and versatile tractor capable of working with wide-cut implements. The tracked chassis has perfect traction even with muddy ground, and due to this, any slipping is excluded, which is very important, for example, when overcoming 30- and 40-percent inclines. The tractor has enough power for cultivating, harrowing and hilling, as well as towing heavy loads, including even bulky concrete structures. Thanks to this, the machine is actively used in construction and public utilities. The technology is too voracious, but undemanding in terms of fuel quality. The cabin is relatively comfortable, fortunately there is a heater, but air conditioning was a paid option. The car left a double impression. In terms of power and performance, everything is excellent, but the Kharkovites still need to work on comfort and reliability.
• Semyon, Lugansk. This machine is actively used in agriculture, as well as as a tug and cargo transportation. The tractor is very compact and dynamic, with a minimal turning radius. All instruments and control levers are at hand, and you don’t have to reach for them. The engine compartment is well organized, and all parts are in easily accessible places. I would like to note a very powerful radiator grille with efficient cooling – especially for working in hot weather. The overall impression is slightly spoiled by vibrations and noises that transfer to the steering wheel, seats and front instrument panel. But the reason for all this is cheap materials, but the car is much cheaper than foreign cars.

Engine and transmission

The power unit of the 181st model tractor is a classic V-shaped 8-cylinder diesel engine YaMZ-238KM2-3.

• In the basic version, it is a simple in design and economical to operate 14.86-liter engine, which fully provides the necessary flexibility in traction characteristics.
• Diesel with an average fuel consumption of 162-170 g/hp. per hour at operating mode 2100 rpm, develops power within 190 hp. The fuel tank capacity is 430 liters.
• The main advantages of the Yaroslavl engine are its compact design, reliability, performance, and compliance with the requirements of current environmental standards.

Full transmission of torque from the flywheel to the transmission is ensured by a dry, permanently closed clutch mechanism. The HTZ-181 tractor is equipped with a multi-stage gearbox with 2-line hydraulic coupling control. Its original design made it possible to increase the maximum transport speed to 15.3 km/h. The reverse speed is less than 8 km/h.

The list of features of the tractor transmission includes the ability to easily change gears without stopping the tractor, accuracy of straight-line movement, and increased maneuverability of the machine by obtaining any turning radius.

Photo: HTZ-181 cabin