MTZ 2103 crawler tractor: technical characteristics and description

Heavy crawler tractors are a separate type of special equipment designed to work on the most unstable, swampy or loose soils. Many large manufacturers located in the territory of the former USSR were able to maintain their technical and design potential during the collapse of the country, and today this market niche is still tightly occupied by the products of the Minsk Tractor Plant. The MTZ caterpillar agricultural tractor is designed for work in agriculture with mounted, semi-mounted, trailed machines, including for general purpose work on waterlogged soils.

Engine MTZ-2103

The MTZ-2103 tractors use the D-260 diesel engine produced by the Minsk Motor Plant (MMZ). This is a six-cylinder in-line liquid-cooled diesel engine, equipped with turbocharging and intercooling of charge air.

The working volume of this engine is 7.12 liters, while the diameter of each D-260 cylinder is 110 mm, and the piston stroke is 125 mm. The arrangement of the cylinders is in-line, vertical. The operating order of the cylinders is: 1-5-3-6-2-4.

The direction of rotation of the crankshaft according to GOST 22836-77 is right, clockwise (from the fan side).

Mixture formation method: direct injection. Compression ratio (calculated): 17. Rated speed: 2100 rpm.

The rated engine power of the Belarus MTZ-2103 tractor is 156 kW (212 hp). The maximum torque of this engine is 92О N.m, at 15Оо rpm.

The use of turbocharging and a turbocharger with adjustable boost pressure increases diesel throttle response, provided by increased torque values ​​at low crankshaft speeds. To guarantee reliable starting at low ambient temperatures, glow plugs and starting heaters are installed.

The specific consumption of diesel fuel by the engine, at its operating power, is: 227 g/kWh.

The dry weight of this diesel engine (not filled with lubricants and coolant) is 688 kg.

The engine cooling system is closed, with forced circulation of coolant from a centrifugal pump. The water pump rotates the V-belt from the engine crankshaft pulley. To speed up the process of warming up the engine after starting and automatically regulating the temperature at different loads and ambient temperatures, 2 thermostats are used. They are installed on the discharge line.

The engine lubrication system is combined (one part of the parts is lubricated under pressure, the other part - by splashing). It consists of an oil sump, an oil pump, a liquid-oil heat exchanger, a centrifugal filter and a non-separable full-flow oil filter with a paper filter element. The installed liquid-oil heat exchanger ensures that the optimum oil temperature in the engine lubrication system is quickly achieved and maintained at the required level during operation.

The engine power system consists of a fuel system, an air supply tract, and an exhaust manifold.

The fuel system includes 2 fuel tanks, diesel fuel coarse and fine filters, booster pump, high pressure fuel pump, injectors, low and high pressure fuel lines.

The air supply tract of the engine consists of an air cleaner, a turbocharger, a charge air cooler, an intake manifold and pipes connecting these elements.

To clean the air sucked into the cylinders, a dry type air cleaner is provided, using paper filter cartridges as a filter element. The air purifier has three cleaning stages:

• the first is inertial air purification with a monocyclone, due to the energy of centrifugal forces that arise during spiral rotation of air relative to the axis of the body;
• the second and third – dry cleaning, with main and control paper filter elements.

To signal that the air cleaner is clogged, there is a sensor in the air supply tract area that is triggered by low air pressure.

As the main basic modification, the Belarus MTZ-2103 tractors use an MMZ D-260.4S2 engine. Its environmental standard is Tier II.

The total supply of diesel fuel in the tractor’s 2 fuel tanks is five hundred liters.

It should also be noted that on the Belarus MTZ-2103 tractor it is possible to install diesel engines of two modifications - with a Common Rail fuel system (D260.4 S3A), or with an in-line multi-plunger high-pressure fuel pump (D260.4 S2).

Crawler tractors produced in Belarus from a distributor

Tracked models of MTZ tractors are special equipment made in Belarus, successfully competing with imported analogues. In Russia they are leaders in their group. The main users of special equipment are considered to be enterprises in industrial, agricultural, construction and some other fields. Large tracked tractors "Belarus" are adapted for operation in Russian realities. Due to their resistance to high and low temperatures, they are suitable for any region of the country. Special equipment has increased cross-country ability. She is able to move across plains and rough terrain. The machines are also suitable for soft soils, waterlogged soils and other areas where wheeled models get stuck. MTZ Belarus tracked vehicles have a low failure rate during intensive use. The quality of work does not suffer even in conditions of limited visibility (at night, in rainy weather, etc.). Why do thousands of Russian and foreign companies still choose special equipment from the Belarusian brand? Among the main reasons to buy this modification:

• high reliability;
• expanded functionality due to aggregation with mounted and trailed equipment;
• the ability to select equipment with various technical characteristics that are optimal for solving the problems of the enterprise;
• maneuverability and smoothness;
• reducing the load on the driver.

Another significant advantage of MTZ agricultural tractors is price. Not only the cost of special equipment, but also components is considered adequate. In the event of a breakdown, the cost of restoration work will be small. is one of the largest representatives of the Minsk Motor Plant in Russia. Why do thousands of clients from different cities of the country trust us? It's simple! We sell new equipment on the most favorable terms, in particular, we are ready to offer:

• delivery within Russia or pickup;
• service during the warranty period and after its expiration;
• original spare parts;
• prompt delivery of missing units from the factory;
• leasing, trade-in, lending.

We take into account the needs and capabilities of clients, therefore we offer individual terms of cooperation to everyone. Do you want to check out the current special offers for purchases? Just contact our managers by phone or through the feedback form!

Transmission and brakes

The tractor design uses a dry double-disc clutch, a permanently closed type, equipped with a hydraulic drive. The hydraulic booster is powered from the gear pump of the gearbox hydraulic system. The clutch housing houses the drive of an independent PTO - the power take-off shaft, and the hydraulic system pump, and on the housing - the drive of the hydraulic transmission pump.

The gearbox is hydromechanical range, with constant mesh gears. The gearbox ensures gear shifting under load, without interrupting the power flow, within four forward ranges and two reverse ranges - a total of 16 forward speeds and 8 reverse speeds.

Shifting of four gears within each range is carried out using friction clutches without interrupting the power flow by a microprocessor controller built into the remote control via an electronic-hydraulic control system.

The gearbox is equipped with a device that can block the engine from starting in any range - by opening the electrical engine starting circuit.

The pneumatic system ensures stable operation of two brake mechanisms - in service or parking brake modes. The pneumatic system can also be used by the machine operator for other purposes - wherever the energy of compressed air is required.

The disc brakes of the MTZ-2103 tractor are of the “wet” type, with forced cooling. They are installed on the carriers on the left and right sides of the turning mechanism. The brake discs are lubricated and cooled by the hydraulic system of the gearbox.

Tractors of traction class 1.4 KN

Machines of this traction class are the most popular in the national economy of the countries of the former Soviet Union, make up the most extensive line of models and successfully compete in the markets of the near and far abroad. The tractor is combined with various attachments with mechanical and hydraulic drive, ensuring the use of these models in the widest range of work. The first equipment of the above traction class MTZ 50(52) became the basis for the production of a whole series of models.

Since the beginning of its production, the MTZ 80-82 tractor, including its special modifications MTZ 80X MTZ 82N, has undergone a number of technical updates to this day, including the installation of modernized engines D 242, D 243, D 244, D 245 and varieties of gearbox designs with constant gear engagement and hydraulically controlled gear shifting. The result of the deep modernization of MTZ 80(82) is the MTZ 100 and MTZ 102 tractors, respectively, produced since 1984. Further expansion of the model range of tractors of this class ensured the ability to compete in foreign markets and meet international standards, taking into account the development of technology.

Chassis system, suspension, turning mechanism of the Belarus MTZ-2103 tractor

The running system of this crawler tractor consists of a torsion beam suspension and a crawler drive. At the same time, the width of metal tracks with RMSh is 500 mm (+/- 4 mm).

The caterpillar propulsion system consists of 2 tracks, 2 drive wheels, 4 support and 20 support rollers, 2 tension mechanisms and 2 idler wheels.

The running system of the MTZ-2103 tractor provides greater traction force and less pressure on the ground compared to conventional wheel propulsors. This allows the Belarus MTZ-2103 tracked tractor to be used on weak-bearing soils, and the presence of a rubber-reinforced track makes it possible to drive it along asphalt roads without endangering their hard surface.

The torsion beam suspension ensures consistently high smooth running of the tractor. The drive of the track tension mechanism is provided by a hydraulic system.

The suspension consists of 2 double-balance and 1 single-balance carriage with torsion bars on board. To dampen vibrations, one hydraulic shock absorber is installed on 2 balancing carriages.

The turning mechanism is of a differential type, with a stepless change in the turning radius, 1-flow when moving straight and 2-flow when making turns. It is flanged to the MTZ-2103 gearbox.

The rotation mechanism contains 2 summing three-link planetary differentials, which consist of a carrier, an epicycle and a sun gear.

In general, the MTZ-2103 rotation mechanism consists of two three-link planetary differentials. The rear axle is equipped with two main bevel gears; gearbox and power take-off clutch. The turning mechanism allows the operator to comfortably control the tractor using a conventional steering wheel and provides stepless smooth turning in any gear of the gearbox.

The turns are controlled by a hydraulic motor from the GSP. When the tractor moves in a straight line, the hydraulic motor is braked; The sun gears of the summing differential are also inhibited. The epicycles transmit torques of equal magnitude and direction, received by the gear from the gearbox, through the satellites to the carrier and then through the cardan shafts to the main gears of the rear axle.

When the tractor turns, part of the diesel power goes through the hydraulic motor to the sun gears of the summing differential, which begin to rotate at the same speed, but in opposite directions.

Planetary differentials sum up the rotation frequencies received by their epicycles and sun gears, so a different rotation frequency is formed at which the carriers rotate. The specific value of the turning radius depends on the gear engaged, the performance of the main GPS pump (which is regulated by turning the steering wheel) and the resistance to movement of the tractor.

Benefits, cost and competitors

The following factors and advantages of the models contribute to the confident promotion of MTZ-2103 and 1502 tracked vehicles in the CIS markets:

• Both machines have operational characteristics close to those of foreign competitors, which include Caterpillar, John Deere and Claas.
• Tractors are significantly superior in functionality and technical equipment to tracked vehicles from CIS manufacturers.
• The cost of Belarus 1502 is 4.2 million rubles and the price of MTZ-2103 is 4.1 million rubles with comparable technical data, much lower than the cost of imported analogues.
• Having a lower price than the Minsk-made tracked tractors produced by CIS tractor manufacturers, the models lag significantly behind the Belarusian ones in terms of functionality and technical equipment.
• In the production of Belarus 2103 and 1502, a large number of standardized, easily accessible parts are used that are used in wheeled tractors of this brand.
• Belarus has a developed network of service centers with accessible conditions for providing services.

Hydraulic system

The Belarus MTZ-2103 tractors are equipped with a separate-aggregate hydraulic system, with open circulation and full-flow filtration of the working fluid; rear linkage with a nominal load capacity of 5.5 tons and a towbar.

The number of outputs of the hydraulic system of the MTZ-2103 tractor is four pairs. The hydraulic system safety valve setting pressure is 20.0 MPa. The capacity of the hydraulic system is 70 liters. The oil pump capacity of the MTZ-2103 tractor is 45 liters per minute. Its model is NSh 40D-4. Distributor model – “Bosch” Bosch ZMS-23-LS.

Rear power take-off shaft type: independent two-speed. The PTO on this tractor is four-speed (540...750...1000...1400 rpm). The presence of a PTO, a hydraulic system, a towing coupling device, a pneumatic head (with a single-wire pneumatic drive), and a standard seven-pin socket allows the MTZ-2103 tractor to be used with any units and agricultural machines that are traditionally used with wheeled tractors.

The rear linkage has an electro-hydraulic control system. It automatically adjusts the depth of tillage and is equipped with convenient controls.

The hydraulic system has three free pairs of hydraulic outlets and one pair of hydraulic outlets looped to the tension mechanism, which, if necessary, can be used to drive the aggregated equipment.

Description of the tractor

MTZ-2103 was designed to replace the outdated DT-74, which was actively used during Soviet times. Both innovative and time-tested technologies and materials were used in its development. The result of the work was a universal machine with a traditionally wide range of aggregated devices, including not only agricultural machinery, but also equipment for logging and reclamation.

MTZ tracked tractors have excellent traction characteristics, are economical to operate, reliable and highly productive . They are used with great success in various fields:

• for agricultural work on unstable soils;
• in land reclamation;
• in road construction;
• during road maintenance and repair;
• in forestry;
• on construction sites.

MTZ 2103 is widely used in agriculture.
High functionality is achieved due to the power take-off shaft located at the rear. This allows powerful machine motors to be used as drives for various devices. Another interesting feature is the remote hydraulic system, which controls the degree of track tension. In older models, the tracks had to be adjusted manually, but the MTZ-2103 eliminates the use of manual labor from this process.

Tractor towing device

The towing device on this model is of the elevator type. Drawbar – with a permissible vertical load of 16 kN.

The distance from the end of the power take-off shaft to the axis of the connecting pin is 500±10 mm. The distance from the supporting surface to the coupling point is 380±10 mm.

The shock absorber hook has a permissible vertical load of 18 kN. The distance from the supporting surface to the horizontal axis of the hook mouth is from 455 to 950 mm. The distance from the end of the power take-off shaft to the hook axis is 415±10 mm.

Rear hitch type: three-point, NU-3 GOST-10677-82, with a load capacity on the lower link hinge axis of up to 8000 kg. The nominal load capacity, with the center of gravity of the load located at a distance of about 600 mm from the suspension axis, is 5500 kg.

Purpose

The 1502 series Minsk Tractor Plant (MTZ) tractor was designed to replace outdated DT-74 and DT-75 vehicles. Based on the design:

• innovative technologies;
• high strength materials.

The designers have achieved high performance and reliability.

"Belarus-1502" is used for laying highways, land reclamation, and agricultural work on soils with weak bearing capacity.

The versatility of the model is due to:

• the presence of a three-point attachment at the rear of the tractor;
• independent power take-off shaft (PTO).

Equipping the machine with the latter is necessary to transmit torque to the actuators.

Cabin of the MTZ-2103 tractor

The Belarus-2103 tractor is equipped with a fairly comfortable single-seat cabin, equipped with a simple and reliable climate control system and heater. Air conditioning is not provided in the basic configuration of the MTZ-2103 tractor, but it can be installed for an additional fee - as an option. The turning of this crawler tractor is controlled not by two levers, but by a “real full-fledged” steering wheel equipped with a hydraulic booster.

The side and rear windows of the tractor cabin can be opened; in addition, a ventilation hatch is installed on its roof. The seat at the workplace is sprung, adjustable in height and weight. The cabin of this tractor is equipped with a protective rigid frame. It is thermal, noise and vibration insulated; equipped with rear-view mirrors, a sun visor, electric windshield wipers with windshield washers for the front and rear windows, a dome light for the cabin and places for installing a radio with sound speakers.

Similar tractor models

As an alternative, the MTZ-1502 crawler tractor is often used. MTZ "Belarus" 1502 is a caterpillar tractor, the technical characteristics of which fully comply with modern requirements for special equipment. It is widely and successfully used by construction, agricultural, industrial and other enterprises. The model was appreciated in all climatic zones. Due to its high cross-country ability, it is used for work on plains and rough terrain. Aggregation with various types of attachments and trailers allows you to perform a wide range of work with it.

Technical characteristics of the tractor Belarus MTZ-2103

• Overall dimensions: length – 6250 mm; width – 2100 mm; height – 2950 mm.
• Base – 2300 mm.
• Ground clearance – 350 mm.
• Track width – 1600 mm (+/-20 mm).
• The smallest turning radius is 3100 mm.
• Angle of ascent and descent: 30 degrees - without technological equipment, or 20 degrees - with technological equipment.
• The lateral roll angle is 12 degrees.
• The ford depth is 800 mm.
• Nominal traction force – 40 kN.
• The air pressure in the tractor pneumatic system is from 0.65 to 0.80 MPa.
• Tractor travel speed: from 3.08 km/h to 26.12 km/h – forward and from 4.21 km/h to 14.47 km/h – backward.
• Structural weight – 9640 kg
• Full operating weight – 12995 kg.
• The average pressure of the tracked movers on the ground is 46 kPa.

Electrical equipment ensures engine starting, operation, protection and monitoring of the condition of the main systems and mechanisms of the tractor. The presence of working lighting makes it possible to carry out any work in the dark.

As an additional configuration, the MTZ-2103 tractor can be equipped with metal tracks with rubber-metal hinges (rubber-reinforced, instead of metal ones with RMS); starting heaters; air conditioning in the cabin; recirculation dampers; screws 2103-4605460 and two rods 2103-4605035 and 2103-4605035 – 01 (for aggregation with machines and implements from the Kirovets K-700 tractor and its modifications); shank type 1c.

Application area

Crawler tractors are divided into a number of categories. Row-crop machines are used to perform agricultural work. A special feature of the equipment is the ability to change attachments. Tractors are versatile and can be used in various fields, including as tractors. Many mini tracked vehicles fall into the agricultural category.

Industrial tractors are used as a base chassis for the installation of special attachments. The largest industrial bulldozer Komatsu D575A is 12.6 m long and equipped with a 1150 hp diesel engine. With. The bulldozer blade holds 70 m³ of soil. Small models of industrial equipment are 2.5-3 m long and equipped with a 30-50 hp engine. With.

The use of special equipment reduces the versatility of machines that are used to perform a narrow range of tasks. Industrial machines can be produced in standard and swamp versions. The machine for working in swamps has a modified chassis with an increased area of ​​​​the supporting part of the caterpillar.

To harvest and remove wood, skidders are used, equipped with a platform onto which tree trunks cleared of branches are loaded. The machines can be produced in a swamp or floating version. Forestry machines are manufactured on the basis of skidders and are used for work related to forest restoration, as well as fire-fighting machines.

Feedback from peasants about tractors Belarus MTZ-2103

Tractors of this model have not become more or less widespread in rural areas in our era of wheeled tractors. There are extremely few of them actually working on farms. There are mixed opinions about this technique in practice – some people like it, some they don’t.

The D-260.4S2 diesel engine is certainly reliable, unpretentious, and durable. No one has any complaints about him. The power unit performs as it should under a wide variety of operating conditions. The tractor itself drives smoothly and confidently; it is easy and precise to control; In terms of cross-country ability, everyone is satisfied.

The cabin is normal. You can’t call it very comfortable, but “it could have been much worse.” When working, you can not get tired for a long time and maintain a normal state of the body.

There are periodic problems with tractor hydraulics, especially if you use the MTZ-2103 with a bulldozer blade. In addition, changing anything in the hydraulic system is quite problematic - you can’t easily get to the units. The caterpillar also leaves much to be desired. At first, no problems arise with them, but over time, during everyday use, the fingers begin to burst a little.

Equipment maintenance

Maintenance of MTZ 2103 is divided into four types:

• when preparing the tractor for running in, in order to prepare new mechanisms for launch;
• Maintenance during the ETO running-in process - carried out in the first 8-10 hours to ensure the correct functioning and fit of parts and assemblies;
• Maintenance at the end of the run-in after 50 hours of operation;
• scheduled maintenance.

Planned maintenance, in turn, is carried out at different intervals:

• shift - every 8-10 hours of work;
• maintenance of TO-1 every 125 hours of operation;
• maintenance of TO-2 every 500 hours of operation;
• maintenance of TO-3 every 1000 hours of operation.

Special maintenance is also performed every 2000 hours of operation and seasonal maintenance - twice a year, during the transition to autumn-winter operation and spring-summer operation. It involves replacing working fluids and checking main components and assemblies.

The tractor works with a large number of attachments

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MTZ 80 and 82 on half-track

Despite the fact that there are models on tracks in the Belarusian model range, they are not as widespread as the wheeled MTZ 80, 82, 100, 102 and their modifications. And sometimes it becomes necessary to put these models on crawler tracks. To solve this problem, special conversion kits are used. With their help, you can make not a classic crawler, but a half-track. Moreover, all work is done with your own hands.

There are two ways to install MTZ 80 or 82 on tracks:

• Additional tension wheels are mounted on the tractor - one on each side in the middle. The caterpillar track is stretched over the rear and additional wheels.
• The rear wheel of the tractor is completely dismantled and a PHC kit is installed in its place. The most common option is MTZ on tracks from DT-75.

Let's look at both options for mounting MTZ 80 and 82 on tracks in more detail and look at the advantages and disadvantages of each method.

MTZ on tracks and wheels

So, as we already wrote above, you can install MTZ 80 and 82 on tracks by installing an additional pair of wheels that serve to tension the track. The conversion kit includes two rubber-metal tracks and two tension elements. The tractor caterpillar is made in the form of a closed belt forming a ring. Its length must be sufficient to ensure proper tension on the drive (rear) wheels and tension wheels of the half-track.

You can adjust the tension of the tracks of the MTZ 82 (80) tractor by moving the tension wheel along the axle shaft. The track on the tension wheels can be set steplessly up to 0.3 m: it is possible to set values ​​in the range of 100-1800 mm. On the driving wheels of the MTZ caterpillar tractor, the track is set within 1700-1800 mm.

Pulling the caterpillar onto the MTZ wheels has an important advantage: if necessary, the caterpillar can be quickly removed, the tension wheel can be suspended and the tractor can be operated as a wheeled tractor with minimal effort.

Kits for tensioning tracks on wheels MTZ 82, 100 and others are produced universally - they are suitable for installation on rear wheels of different sizes, including tires of standard sizes 15.5R38 and 13.6R38 with a profile width of 400 and 360 mm. The size of the track bed is adjusted by changing the relative position of the lugs.

The tracks on the MTZ 80 for the rear wheels have 10 lugs on each side with welded bosses (they are staggered) and 20 lugs without bosses.

In the diagram, numbers 3 and 4 indicate the left and right bosses that serve to engage the track with the rear wheel. They are welded from the inside to the lugs. The design of the belts for tensioning the tracks on the rear wheels of the MTZ 80 allows them to be rearranged from left to right, the main condition for installation is that the bosses coincide with the point of engagement with the wheels.

As for the tensioning mechanism, it consists of:

• additional wheel;
• balancer;
• elements for mounting the structure on the axle shaft;
• shock absorber

The design of the tension wheel is shown in the diagram above. The part consists of a hub, a welded rim and a tube tire. It is noteworthy that the hub for the semi-track kit was taken from the MTZ-80. The shock absorber, also included in the kit, is necessary in order to press the caterpillar onto the ground as much as possible.

Half-track tractors

The second way to get the MTZ 80 on a half-track is to use a kit that is installed instead of the rear wheel.

We must immediately make a reservation: the Belarusian manufacturer does not recommend performing such manipulations, and all kits are produced by third-party companies and are used by farmers at their own peril and risk.

The most common option is MTZ on tracks from DT-75, since all the necessary components can be easily removed from the Volgograd tractor. Half Track Kit Includes:

• 2 half frames;
• drive sprocket;
• carriages;
• metal tracks.

But installing semi-tracks on MTZ 80 and 82 is a separate issue, and everything here is not as simple as it might seem: you can’t dismantle the rear wheels and install a UGC kit in their place - other manipulations will be required, and a lot.

Firstly, installing semi-tracks on the MTZ from DT-75 will cause the rear axle of the tractor to rise (by at least 20 cm). To eliminate the resulting distortion and uneven weight distribution, you will need to install other front wheels - for example, from MTZ-1221. Secondly, the rods will have to be redone: the upper rod will need to be lengthened, and the lower ones will need to be removed and rods from MTZ-1221 installed instead.

In addition, when converting the MTZ 82 into a tracked one, the front axle will have to be disconnected.

Other disadvantages of this method of placing the tractor on tracks include:

• Restrictions on the movement of the vehicle on public roads, since metal tracks are installed, and not rubber ones, as is the case with tension on the wheel.
• Reduced maneuverability (movement speed is limited, turning radius increases, etc.).
• Uncomfortable working conditions for the tractor driver due to strong noise and vibrations in the cab.
• The complexity of converting a tractor - you will need a crane and at least two people, the work itself will take a couple of hours (you can find videos in which MTZ 80 on caterpillar tracks was made using jacks right in the field, but this, firstly, is dangerous and is a violation safety precautions, and, secondly, it is impossible to control the tightening torque in the field).
• increases and is unevenly distributed . In the gearbox, for example, after re-equipping the tractor, speeds 1 and 2 are not used, as well as a lower row in the gearbox. Due to this, all the torque will be transmitted to the elevated row, which is structurally intended only for transport work. As a result, in the future you may encounter expensive repairs and wear out the systems faster.