Among the variety of tractors developed by the USSR industry, the products of the Southern Machine-Building Plant in Dnepropetrovsk (now Dnepr) stand out. Created in the late 60s. The YuMZ tractor with the YuMZ-6 marking was produced at the enterprise until 2001; the machine in various modifications was considered the best in the country in its class. It was also highly regarded in the West, and Sweden even officially acquired the technical documentation, using it to start producing its own equipment.
YuMZ-6 is a representative of universal wheeled tractors for general purpose, part of the “Belarus” line, initially produced by the tractor plant in Minsk, but later developed at YuMZ.
Purpose
The YuMZ unit belongs to the famous Belarus line of machines. The scope of his activities includes the following types of work:
- movement of goods;
- digging trenches and pits;
- loading and unloading operations;
- transportation of soil to the dump;
- formation of embankments;
- clearing areas of snow and debris;
- plowing of agricultural land;
- milling and loosening the soil;
- sowing crops;
- watering plants;
- fertilization;
- harvesting.
Tractor Yumz 6, general view
general information
YuMZ-6 is a representative of universal wheeled tractors for general purpose, part of the “Belarus” line, initially produced by the tractor plant in Minsk, but later developed at YuMZ. Types of work and operations permitted for the tractor:
- agricultural activities using semi-mounted, mounted devices, multifunctional trailers;
- Men at work;
- construction;
- forestry operations;
- other types of special work;
- drive functions for stationary and mobile units;
- transportation on trailers.
An individual line of mounted units has been created for the YuMZ-6, adding various functionality to the tractor necessary for certain jobs. The car can be transformed into:
- earth mover;
- loader;
- bulldozer;
- excavator, etc.
Thanks to its successful design and ease of maintenance, the tractor can be converted both at the factory and in a specialized workshop on site.
Line of YuMZ machines
Yumz tractors have the following model range:
- YuMZ 6L is a unit of the debut series. It is analogous to MTZ 5.
- YuMZ 6al is an improved version of the previous car. Here the brake system was modified, the instrument panel was changed and the steering column was improved.
- YuMZ 6KL is an industrial unit with a mounting mechanism for a bulldozer blade and an excavator boom.
- YuMZ 6akl is a tractor with an improved cabin. A rigid spatial frame was installed on the frame, ensuring the safety of the driver. The cabin has acquired spatial glazing at the upper and lower levels.
Cabin
The tractor received a cabin that was quite comfortable and ergonomic for its time, with sound insulation. Thanks to the all-round glazing, excellent visibility is provided from the tractor driver's workplace. The spacious cabin is sufficiently sealed to prevent dust from entering the cabin when working on construction sites. Natural ventilation is provided through the sunroof and opening rear window.
The tractor steering column is adjustable in height and tilt. The steering wheel is equipped with a hydraulic booster. The cabin is equipped with a lighting lamp, a heater, and an electric fan. The interior is equipped with a first aid kit, a bag with a set of tools and a thermos.
The cabin is attached to the chassis through rubber shock absorbers, which reduces vibration and stiffness of the suspension.
Specifications
The Yumz 6 machine and its technical characteristics have the following meanings:
- operating weight - 3.895 tons;
- traction force - 14.0 kN;
- travel speed - 24.5 km/h;
- number of gears - 6;
- turning radius - 5.0 m;
- wheelbase - 2.45 m;
- maximum trailer weight - 6.0 tons;
- operating temperature range - from -40 to +40 C;
- ground clearance: front axle - 0.45 m, rear axle - 0.64 m;
- ford depth that the tractor can overcome is 0.8 m;
- tractor dimensions: length - 3.69 m, width - 1.884 m, height - 2.66 m;
- fuel tank capacity - 90.0 l;
- cooling system volume - 29.0 l.
Equipment maintenance
"UMZ 6" is distinguished by a high level of reliability and is undemanding in terms of fuel quality, but, like any equipment, it requires periodic maintenance. This category of work includes the following activities: checking the functionality of the main gear, monitoring the operation of the rear axle, eliminating steering play, checking the gearbox, adjusting the valves and clutch mechanism.
Engine characteristics
The tractor was equipped with a four-stroke diesel engine Yumz without turbocharging, with a crankshaft speed of 1800 rpm. It could be of two types:
- "D-242-71". Its power was 62 hp, displacement reached 4.75 liters, torque - 241 Nm;
- "D-65". The power of this unit was 60 hp, the working volume was 4.94 liters, and the torque value was 270 Nm.
For these types of engines, the fuel consumption of Yumz 6 is 245 g/kW per hour.
Cabin of the Yumz 6 tractor
Cabin features
The tractor cabin is mounted on a frame using special shock absorbers made of rubber components. Its internal space consists of the following components:
- spring-loaded driver's seat;
- steering device, with the ability to change the height and angle of inclination;
- control levers;
- clutch and brake pedals;
- dashboard, on which sensors are located to monitor the functionality of all systems and working parts.
The cabin is equipped with large rear-view mirrors and sun protection elements. The heating device and fans are responsible for climate control. The package includes a water tank and a device for securing it in the cabin.
Features of operation
Both industrial and agricultural models of YuMZ 6 tractors have proven to be unpretentious in operation, reliable and durable: the average resource of a diesel engine before overhaul is up to 10 thousand hours. Due to its fairly simple design, the tractor is easy to maintain even outside of specialized services. In print and freely available online you can find all the diagrams and instructions for servicing these tractors.
The durability of the machines is also evidenced by the fact that the service life declared by the tractor manufacturer is 10 years, but today, more than 15 years after production stopped, these tractors are actively used. At the same time, in work you can find models even from the first years of production. All this indicates a large margin of strength laid down by the designers. The West also highly appreciated the quality of the YuMZ-6 tractors, as evidenced by the above-described deal with the Volvo concern.
The YuMZ tractor weighs relatively little, and thanks to low-pressure tires it can be used where heavier equipment is unsuitable.
Despite such outstanding data, YuMZ tractors also have some typical problems:
- hydraulic booster failure. Most often, the gear pump that pumps the working fluid fails;
- clutch failure due to wear of the friction linings - from time to time or due to intense loads on the unit;
- the occurrence of wear in the cylinder block, which especially often occurs due to poor tractor maintenance and failure to comply with engine oil change intervals;
- fuel system problems: most often, worn-out injectors fail;
- wear of springs and timing mechanism;
- Sometimes there are problems with starting Belarus MTZ (YuMZ) tractors from the launcher in the absence of proper care for the latter.
But these problems can be easily avoided if you maintain the tractor in a timely and correct manner.
Device
The basis of the YuMZ machine is a frame consisting of side members and a transverse beam. The front part is equipped with an axle with small diameter wheels. They are controlled by trunnions. A drive to the drive axle is mounted at the rear of the tractor. To ensure good cross-country ability, the machine is equipped with low-pressure tires. The tractor is equipped with the following systems:
- separate hydraulic system;
- electrical equipment designed for a 12 volt network;
- air supply system;
- a mechanism that ensures the operation of rear linkage equipment.
The steering device is equipped with a hydraulic booster, which ensures comfortable control of the unit. The braking system is represented by shoe and disc type mechanisms.
The device of the Yumz 6 tractor
Attachments
It is difficult to select the most popular ones among the attachments. Due to the wide range of applications of YuMZ6, the number of attachments is quite large.
The most popular devices are:
- two- and three-furrow plows;
- hillers;
- snow shovels;
- trailers;
- trolleys;
- seeders;
- potato planters;
- root diggers;
- harrows;
- mowers;
- hay rollers;
- fertilizer spreaders.
Blade
Potato digger
Disc harrow
Mounted plow
Advantages and disadvantages
The YuMZ wheeled tractor has the following positive characteristics:
- high power level;
- good performance;
- economical engines;
- large selection of working equipment;
- simplicity of design;
- reliability of all systems;
- ease of repair and maintenance;
- unpretentiousness to fuel and lubricants;
- quality components.
The disadvantages include a rigid chassis, low speed of the power plant and the lack of a comfortable workplace.
Engine
The classic modification of Belarus-5 was equipped with a 4-stroke 4-cylinder D-40 engine. The engine had a power of 40 “horses”. The MTZ-5M and MTZ-5L versions were equipped with the D-40M units with an electric starter and the D-40L units with a starting motor. MTZ-5LS received a redesigned D-48L engine, MTZ-5MS - D-48M. The first was distinguished by vortex-chamber mixture formation. The units of the latest versions of Belarus-5 had a power of 48 “horses” and a rotation speed of 1600 rpm. Moreover, all power plants were unified.
The design of the MTZ-5 engines in comparison with the MTZ-2 has been redesigned: – the tractor received 12-volt electrical equipment; – the alarm system and electric lighting system have become more advanced; – “Belarus-5” acquired 135 Amh batteries and a DC generator with a relay regulator; – engine weight has been reduced and wear resistance has increased.
User reviews
Judging by the ratings and feedback from YuMZ 6 users, this series of machines is distinguished by good quality and an affordable price. The latest reviews of these units are represented by the following comments:
- The machine's survivability can outshine any analogue from a foreign manufacturer. Failed working units can be repaired directly in the field. The downside is the lack of a driven front axle.
- The tractor has good transport speed, it is very maneuverable and easy to control. The machine is quite simple and economical to maintain. The downside of the unit is the cabin: an uncomfortable workplace and lack of air conditioning.
Analogs
Analogues of the YuMZ 6 include such tractors as the MTZ 50 and MTZ 80. Their design and technical elements have many similar solutions. As an example, below are some characteristics of the machines:
| Model | Engine power, hp | Tractor weight, t | Travel speed, km/h | Agrotechnical clearance, m | Fuel tank volume, l |
| "MTZ 50" | 55,0 | 3,60 | 33,0 | 0,465 | 100,0 |
| "MTZ 80" | 80,0 | 3,16 | 35,0 | 0,470 | 120,0 |
Modifications
There were several versions of this model. The Minsk Tractor Plant assembled the classic modification for about a year. Then MTZ-5 underwent modernization. special equipment received a separate-aggregate hydraulic system and became known as MTZ-5K. However, production of this modification lasted only a few months.
In 1958, Belarus-5 was redesigned again. Production of versions MTZ-5L and MTZ-5M began. The letters “M” and “L” denoted modifications that received a different method of starting the diesel engine and a new set of electrical equipment. The launch of the MTZ-5M model was carried out using an electric starter (DC equipment), MTZ-5L - through a starting motor (AC equipment).
Later, versions with the letter “C” appeared. They designated models equipped with a closed operator's cabin. MTZ-5LS and MTZ-5MS were intended for use in difficult soil conditions and were functionally equipped with a half-track. The Southern Machine-Building Plant initially again produced MTZ-5. However, then the company named its product YuMZ-5, while retaining the previous trade name “Belarus”.
