Tractor T-150: description, technical characteristics

During its operation (since 1931), the Tractor Plant in Kharkov has produced many machines that were, in their time, advanced models of agricultural machinery. These include the highly productive and efficient T-150 tractor on caterpillar tracks and the T-150K – a modification on wheels.

Structurally, both cars are as unified as possible and differ in their chassis and transmission at the final stage. Both versions are general purpose tractors and have a traction class of 3 tf (30 kN).

The technical solutions incorporated into the car by the designers more than 40 years ago turned out to be successful. Over the past time, the tractor not only has not lost its relevance, but has become one of the main machines in agricultural production.

This is especially true for the T-150K tractor, developed on the basis of its tracked brother and released 5 years later. Today, in addition to agriculture, it is used in the army and in construction. The machine, equipped with a blade at the front, is successfully used in winter for clearing snow at utility companies in many cities.

Modifications

The 150 series tractor today has four modifications, all of which belong to the T-150K model.

At its base, an army version of the T-154 was produced, with the help of which they carry out engineering and construction work and tow non-self-propelled artillery installations.

Differences from the base model include the presence of a tow hook instead of a pendulum linkage, the possibility of pre-heating the engine, and a higher travel speed. In addition, the rear half-frame is made elongated and carries a cargo body.

The modified T-156 machine is equipped with a bucket and is capable of performing loading work, and the LT-157 is a skidder and is used in logging.

The machines of the Kharkov plant were the basis for the development by the Rybinsk plant of a single-axle tractor operating as part of self-propelled scrapers and asphalt rollers. Its rear frame was replaced with the frame of the corresponding vehicle and the hinge between the half-frames was modified.

Purpose

HTZ T-150K is one of the few Soviet tractors that turned out to be so interesting to foreign customers that it had the opportunity to take part in international tests in the United States. The machine was developed by the Kharkov Tractor Plant, and had enormous potential for further improvement. Please note that the model in question has a unified design with the T-150 caterpillar tractor. The car uses many innovative solutions, but this feature did not negatively affect maintainability. Over time, these innovative developments have become commonplace. In addition, unification with the tracked modification of the T-150 made it possible to reduce the cost of producing spare parts, and thereby make the tractor repairable even in field conditions. The main purpose of the machine is agriculture. In particular, the machine is common in operations such as harrowing, hilling, plowing, cultivation, sowing grain and vegetable crops, pre-sowing preparation, processing virgin soil and other tasks. In addition, this tractor has proven itself in loading and unloading, and towing heavy trailers. In the public sector, the machine is capable of performing construction and road installation work. At one time, the T-150K tractor was supplied to many post-Soviet countries. The machine received several modernized versions, which only increased the global popularity of the tractor.

Design

The car has a front engine. The gearbox is rigidly attached to its rear part, and a cabin is installed on it, complete with a fuel tank with a capacity of 315 liters.

The gearbox can include transport, traction (slow), work mode and reverse. Gear shifting (there are 4 in total for each mode) is carried out by hydraulic couplings without stopping, under load and in motion.

The chassis is based on a supporting frame, which includes two longitudinal channel spars, which are transversely connected by a front and two intermediate steel beams. The turning control of the tracked version of the vehicle is steering. It also features the ability to have different gears on each track. This allows you to turn the car almost on the spot.

In the wheeled version, the unit has a frame of two parts, hingedly connected with the ability to rotate in a horizontal plane. The front frame carries the engine, gearbox, cabin and refueling tank. The other part is equipped with a hinged system designed to secure tools. The rear and front axles of the tractor are driven (the rear axle can be disconnected).

Advantages and disadvantages of T-150k

The advantages of a wheeled tractor include:

• movement and transportation of goods on public roads;
• a large number of aggregated agricultural mechanisms for a variety of jobs;
• multifunctionality;
• installation of twin wheels on both axles to increase cross-country ability;
• working conditions for the machine operator;
• transport speed;
• low fuel consumption for the traction class;
• ease of repair and maintenance;
• reliability;
• year-round operation, which reduces the payback period.

The following are considered technical and design shortcomings:

• increased tire pressure on the ground, which causes a negative impact and a decrease in agricultural production;
• the use of wheels in the tractor design reduces traction characteristics compared to the tracked version by 25-30%;
• low reliability of the T-150k gearbox and, as a consequence, the need for frequent repairs;
• lack of a device in the hydraulic system for cooling the working fluid.

Engine SMD-60

All modifications of tractors are equipped with diesel six-cylinder four-stroke supercharged SMD-60 engines with a 150-horsepower rated power. They were developed specifically for these machines, have a V-shaped arrangement of cylinders and liquid cooling.

The engine start is double: from the cab, using an electric starter, a starting gasoline engine is started, which serves to spin up the main unit. The T150 tractor is equipped with a three-stage system of highly efficient air purification supplied to the fuel system. It consists of an inertial oil (fine filter), two-stage (has ejection removal of settling dust) and a dry cyclone filter.

To make it easier to start the engine at temperatures below -5ºС, a pre-start heater PZHB-300 is provided.

Conversion table between inch and metric tire sizes for tractors

Below are the standard sizes of tractor tires, both inch and metric. Most often they are interchangeable, because the old inch sizes are simply replaced by the new metric equivalent. As for the overall dimensions, when choosing tires, carefully check the options to ensure they fully comply with the requirements of the tractor. Don't forget about the load-carrying capacity of the tires, it may vary.

Modern radial tractor tires are metric in most cases. The following correspondence table will allow you to easily convert inch sizes to metric. It also includes low-profile tractor tires.

There is also an old designation in millimeters. For example, a 530-610 tire corresponds well to the modern spelling 21.3-24. This spelling was used in outdated USSR standards, so it is not widely used now. We have not created correspondence tables for these already rare designations, but you can consult our sales departments about interchangeability.

Transmission

The transmission of tractors is mechanical, equipped to engage gears with hydraulic clutches. The designs of the gearboxes are unified, the main gears are made in the form of planetary gearboxes.

In the tracked version of the T-150, the gearbox is dual-flow, with the ability to transfer movement to the selected track.

In a wheeled unit, the torque is transmitted to the drive axles from the gearbox through the transfer case. The gearbox is also equipped with a power take-off shaft, which drives the mounted implements.

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Chassis

The tracked vehicle is moved by two track chains, each of which is mounted on two sprung suspension balance carriages and two support rollers. The propulsion system is equipped with coil springs and hydraulic shock absorbers designed to reduce shocks from hitting obstacles.

The wheeled version is implemented with four wheels, one on each side of the front and rear axle. The tires installed on the tractor are wide, which reduces the pressure from its weight on the ground. All four tires are the same, models FD-14A or FD37 and are marked 530R610(21.3R24) and 610R655(23.1R26), respectively.

Technical characteristics of the T150-05-09 tractor

More details about the device can be found in the operating instructions T-150-05-09 and T-150K-09

General technical parameters of T-150k

The T-150k wheeled tractor has the following design parameters and technical characteristics:

• Traction class – 3.
• Drive – 4×4 (all-wheel drive).
• Weight – 7.95 tons.
• Base – 2.86 m.
• Length – 5.75 m.
• Width – 2.40 m in wide gauge (2.20 m in narrow gauge).
• Height – 2.95 m.
• The track is wide – 1.86 m.
• The track is narrow - 1.68 m.
• Turning radius – 6.70 m.
• The size of the agricultural opening is 0.40 m.
• The lifting capacity of the attachment is 4.50 tons.
• The pressure in the hydraulic system is 16 MPa.

Characteristics of T-150k filling tanks:

1. Oil:: Engine – 26.0 l.
2. Gearbox – 18.0 l.
3. Steering – 33.0 l.
4. Bridges - 54.0 l.
5. Hydraulic system - 38.0 l.
6. PTO gearbox – 6.8 l.