Minitractor KMZ-012: design and technical characteristics

Russian Federation, city of Kurgan. Here, on the left bank of the Tobol River, there is a tractor plant that produces equipment that is known and loved by farmers not only in our country, but also abroad. KMZ-012 was able to establish itself as an excellent assistant in the household, as well as a trouble-free utility worker. Being a representative of small-scale mechanization, it has a number of advantages that distinguish it from other similar units.

Kurganmashzavod. History of creation

KMZ-012 appeared at the Kurgan Machine-Building Plant in 2002. I would like to remind you that KurganMash previously gained fame in the military field. It was here that the Infantry Fighting Vehicle (IFV) was produced and supplied to 23 countries around the world.

However, time does not stand still, and to make it easier for the plant to survive difficult times, the company’s management decided to launch production for the domestic market. What can be produced at a plant specializing in push-pull equipment?

Of course, a tractor that could compete with tractors from the Middle Kingdom. By the way, at that time our citizens were faced with a very difficult task: where to get a miniature tractor that could do the same work as its adult colleagues, and at the same time its price would not be exorbitant.

So, after some time, the KMZ 012 mini-tractor was born. As for other KMZ developments, these include trailers of various carrying capacities, construction and utility vehicles with all kinds of attachments, as well as the CHETRA TM-140 crawler-mounted vehicle.

Homemade 4x4 mini tractor. Application area

A self-made all-wheel drive mini tractor has quite good cross-country ability, which gives it the opportunity to perform virtually the same scope of work as store-bought counterparts, such as Uralets, Kubota, Bulat 120, Yanmar, Belarus 132n, Scout.

Of course, the power of a homemade unit may be somewhat weaker, but at the level of domestic use this fact is almost unnoticeable.

Application area

The main area of ​​application of this DIY unit is agricultural work. This term covers a fairly wide spectrum, including many related works. In other words, a homemade mini tractor is needed for the following purposes:

• plowing of land holdings for the purpose of their further use;
• cultivating the soil and getting rid of weeds;
• harrowing the soil;
• carrying out sowing work on treated soil;
• planting and digging potatoes.

In principle, this is the main purpose of a mini tractor, for which it is made. But, its application can be significantly expanded if a special connection for additional equipment, mounted and trailed, is provided in its design.

If everything is done correctly, then your homemade product can additionally perform the following work:

• transportation of various goods (transportation of firewood, construction waste, etc.);
• snow removal in winter;
• mowing lawns and lawns, as well as making hay for livestock.

As we can see, a mini tractor breaking a classic 4x4 with your own hands can significantly make the life of any rural resident easier, because with the help of this equipment it becomes possible to perform all types of work that are required for proper management of a subsidiary farm.

The indispensability of a home-made unit is also due to the fact that its production uses a minimum of investments and funds, which is very important for rural areas.

Engines

The KMZ-012 power plant is represented by four types of engine. These include:

• SK-12;
• V2CH;
• VANGUARD 16НР 305447;
• HATZ 1D81Z.

Let's look at this equipment in more detail.

SK-12

The SK-12 engine is a two-cylinder, carburetor type, running on gasoline. Cooled by air, the device provides for a double-row arrangement of cylinders.

• Power - 8.82/12 kW/l. With.
• Torque - 24 Nm
• Gasoline consumption - 335 g/kW, 248 g/l. With. at one o'clock
• Rated engine speed - 3100 rpm
• Weight - 49 kg
• Produced in Kazakhstan
• Installed on the basic tractor model

V2CH

Unlike the SK-12, the V2Ch engine runs on diesel, which provides advantages in traction and efficiency.

• Engine - two-cylinder, V-shaped
• Air cooling
• Power - 8.82/12 kW/l. With.
• Rated engine speed - 3000 rpm
• Diesel fuel consumption - 258 g/kW, 190 g/l. With. at one o'clock
• Chelyabinsk

VANGUARD 16HP 305447

4-stroke engine running on gasoline. It has two v-shaped cylinders, air cooling and a carburetor fuel injection system.

• Power - 10.66/14.5 kW/l. With.
• Nominal speed - 3000 rpm
• Fuel consumption - 381 g/kW, 280 g/l. With. at one o'clock
• (USA)

HATZ 1D81Z

The HATZ 1D81Z engine is installed on the KMZ-012N mini-tractor model, which differs from the basic KMZ-012CH in higher power (19% higher) and slightly lower specific fuel consumption (about 1%). The HATZ 1D81Z is equipped with a single-cylinder, four-stroke, air-cooled diesel engine. The cylinder is located vertically.

• Power - 10.5/14.3 kW/l. With.
• Nominal speed - 3000 rpm
• Fuel consumption - 255 g/kW; 187.5 g/l. With. at one o'clock
• (USA)
• The engine is famous for its efficiency and ease of operation

Video

The model was intended for use in personal farming, in the garden, and in construction. With the help of KMZ-012 it was possible to mechanize a variety of works. These include harrowing, tilling and cultivating soil, clearing snow, hilling shrubs and trees, and cleaning areas. again, the minitractor made it possible to engage in land development, dig potatoes, mix concrete, mow, transport solid and bulk loads, and sweep. If we talk about the agricultural sector, then KMZ-012 turned out to be especially effective in small farms with an area of ​​2-5 hectares, where the use of large equipment was associated with high costs.

The significant mobility and small size of this model made it possible to use it in cramped conditions (on city sidewalks, in vineyards and greenhouses). Thanks to the presence of two attachments in the KMZ-012, the scope of its use increases significantly. Today, 23 types of attachments are officially produced for mini tractors: rake-turner, rotary blade, milling cultivator, various mowers, hiller-cultivator and other devices. In addition, the Kurgan Machine-Building Plant regularly updates the list of attachments.

Chassis and transmission

The wheel arrangement of the KTZ-012 chassis can be described as 4x2. In other words, the main wheels of the tractor are the rear ones. The front ones have a smaller diameter and are controllable. They are mounted on a swinging beam that acts as a bridge. If necessary, the track width can be changed from 700 to 900 mm.

As for the transmission, it uses a 6-speed manual gearbox.

• Four forward speeds – up to 15 km/h
• Two reverse speeds - up to 4.5 km/h

In addition, it also includes:

• disc brake system;
• dry type friction clutch;
• brakes (located in the gearbox housing).

There are also two independent power take-off shafts used when working with attachments.

Attachments

Additional attachments used with this mini tractor include many different units that allow you to perform certain types of work. Basically, the model was equipped with such devices as:

1. Single-body and double-body plows.
2. Cultivators.
3. Hillers.
4. Various harrows.
5. Rake.

In addition to these units, the equipment is also equipped with:

• Potato diggers.
• Potato planters.
• Rotary mowers.
• Various seeders.
• Dumps.
• Processing equipment.

Hydraulics

Considering that the Kurgan uses attachments, two hydraulic attachments with a three-point attachment system were added during production. At the same time, the front linkage ensures that the device moves to the right by 5-10 cm. As for the rear suspension, it is capable of working in both directions, at the same distance. However, these hydraulic attachments also have negative characteristics. The fact is that the hydraulic pump is activated using the transmission. If the tractor clutch is pressed to the maximum, the hydraulics do not work. The hitch itself is controlled by a spool valve.

SK-12 | Product Reviews

Open source STEM materials provider; allows teachers to create and share personalized digital textbooks

Review

CK-12 is an online educational content site sponsored by the CK-12 Foundation, a non-profit organization committed to increasing access to high-quality STEM content for students around the world. CK-12's core offering is a collection of free digital textbooks (called "Flexbooks") for high school-age students, particularly on science, engineering, and math topics. As of September 2013, CK-12 has created a total of 88 Flexbooks , which cover approximately 5,000 STEM content areas (from life sciences such as DNA vs. RNA to sequences and series in calculations).

CK-12 offers much more than just on-screen textbooks. This gives the word “remix” real meaning in education. In addition to traditional text materials, CK-12 materials are available in more than a dozen other forms, such as videos, quizzes, flashcards, and "simulations," or interactive content that allows abstract concepts to be visualized. For example, force simulation can be demonstrated using interactive a Ferris wheel that the user can click on and proceed to manipulate the force tracker.

Moreover, CK-12 also creates a set of tools that allow teachers, students, or subject matter experts to add additional materials or create materials from scratch. Simply put, users can assemble CK-12 material according to their needs. For example, suppose a high school biology teacher wants to create the equivalent of a textbook on the skeletal system, but hopes to create a balance between textual and visual information. The teacher could draw from the Human Skeletal System collection of materials, specifically selecting written text, a video overview of the skeletal system and a link to the interactive virtual body website. The teacher can also add or remove information from the text component, depending on how shallow or in-depth he or she wants to go with his or her students.

When teachers or students visit the CK-12 website, they can search Flexbooks to suit their needs without logging in. Users also have access to other CK-12 platforms, particularly Braingenie (a collection of quick math and science questions for K-12), I Need a Pencil (free online SAT prep), and FlexMath (a suite of math tools and tests). ).

CK-12 products are free to everyone worldwide and are available in more than 70 languages. However, while teachers and students do not need to register to use CK-12 Flexbooks, those who do will find additional tools and resources to benefit them.

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Advantages and disadvantages

In this section I would like to mention the following:

• KMZ-012 is compact;
• efficiency in relation to fuel consumption;
• reliability and high performance.

In addition, the official KTZ costs several times lower than its foreign counterparts. As for the ease of use of this mini-tractor, it is, as always, at its best. Perhaps this is why this mechanism represents real competition to tractors from the Middle Kingdom.

As for the disadvantages of the tractor, we have already mentioned one of them just above. It concerns the transmission connection of the hydraulic pump. Another shortcoming of KMZ was the close location of the gas tank and battery. But this is where all the shortcomings come to an end.

Modernization of the KMZ-012 tractor

Owners of domestic agricultural technicians have always tried to minimize factory defects or simply improve its performance and comfort by making their own changes to the design. KMZ-012 was no exception.

Replacing the hydraulic pump. Often craftsmen make or adapt hydrostatic equipment not provided by the manufacturer, for example a front loader. In this case, the power of the standard NSh-6 is usually not enough, and the NSh-10 is installed. No special changes to the design are required.

Installation of a 3-section hydraulic distributor. Like the previous modernization, it is necessary for working with hydrostatic equipment.

KMZ-012 with a homemade loader and an additionally installed hydraulic distributor.

Installation of dual rear wheels. Often, under heavy loads, the tractor slips and begins to dig in with its rear wheels. In this case, installing twin rear wheels can help. This increases the adhesion area, but the pressure on the ground is significantly reduced. The manufacturer does not provide for such modernization, so turning work is indispensable.

These are the most popular modifications found on KMZ-012. To describe them all, or at least go into detail about the ones presented, would require a separate article.

Owner reviews

Dmitry, Krasnodar region.

The KMZ-012 mini-tractor I purchased 9 years ago has truly become a “True Friend” to me. With its help, I not only cultivate my field (3.5 hectares), but also transport the harvest collected from it to the city for the fair. The only shortcoming I can cite is that when the transmission is pressed all the way, it is not possible to control the hydraulics. You have to dodge. It is possible to find and buy spare parts in Russia. Otherwise, I’m happy with my “Humpbacked Horse!”))

Vladimir.

We all know the saying: “Every vegetable has its place.” Same with Kurgan. Despite the fact that he is not capable of digging huge pits, he is capable of something more! For example, it is capable of high-quality plowing to a depth of 20 centimeters, as well as transporting crops weighing up to half a ton over long distances. A potato digger works well with it. In addition, when the drill is attached, it can easily cope with the establishment of a new garden. Of the negative properties, perhaps there are none. Unless it’s “getting” parts (I’ve had a KMZ machine for a long time, but at Kurganmash this model has already been discontinued). I do the repairs myself, but sometimes I look at the forum. Management is still stable and does not let us down. Now I’m thinking about purchasing KMZ-012N.

Operation of the KMZ-012 tractor

The KMZ-012 tractor received from the manufacturer a quite good set of attachments, or rather 23 items for public utilities and agriculture. And yet, the machine became most widespread in agriculture, and more precisely in private household plots.

On a personal farmstead with 20-50 acres of land and 3-5 hectares of hayfields, the tractor revealed its potential in the best possible way. Having become a reliable, economical assistant for people living in rural areas and running private households on a small scale.

KMZ-012 also performed well in small livestock farms. Here, its compact dimensions allow it to maneuver inside the buildings while collecting manure or distributing feed.

As always, we will ask farmers who know the strengths and weaknesses of this technique best about the application of ASGM in practice:

1. I have been using KMZ-012 for 7 years, I am happy with the tractor. One of the serious breakdowns during operation was a broken valve on one cylinder, and I didn’t even notice that. A pleasant discovery was the identity of the piston with the 30-horsepower Zaporozhets. I plowed with a plow with one body to a depth of 20 cm, but it couldn’t pull deeper - there wasn’t enough weight. When mowing, I use GVK-6 side rakes; the windrows were collected using draggers.
2. I work on a tractor mainly in the summer. It is very helpful in construction on a farmstead, where you can level the crushed stone with a blade, or use a trailed homemade concrete mixer. All transport work is also on it. Plowing, if without fanaticism, you can work 20 centimeters with one body. If the PTO and hydraulics were independent, there would be no price for it.
3. My veteran has been successfully working on the front lines of our small farm for 17 years. We plow at MTZ, and everything else is planting, inter-rowing, spraying and harvesting the 13 hectares of potatoes on it. It is easy to repair, and with proper maintenance it rarely breaks down. At the beginning, numerous oil leaks from the box bothered me, after disassembling it turned out that the quality of the casting left much to be desired and the gaskets in some places simply did not press through, I put everything on sealant and now everything is clean.

Based on our review and feedback from KMZ-012 owners, we can draw conclusions about its advantages and disadvantages:

Advantages:

• The manufacturer presents 4 power plants from different manufacturers. There are plenty to choose from;
• The machine is compact and maneuverable;
• Ease of maintenance and maintainability;
• Attachments for all types of work, 23 items.

Flaws:

• The owners say the main disadvantage is the dependence of the PTO and hydraulic pump on the clutch. This creates inconvenience during work and requires some skill in operating attachments.
• They also highlight the low weight of the machine, which reduces its traction characteristics. This can be partially solved by installing additional weights.
• Poor quality casting of gearbox housing parts, resulting in numerous leaks and increased oil consumption. It can be solved by replacing the gaskets with oil and heat-resistant sealant.

User opinion

KMZ-012, reviews of which are extremely positive, is very easy to maintain. This is largely due to the fact that the main components of the car are located compactly, and to get to them, you just need to open the hood and recline the seat. Many tractor owners carry out repairs on their own KMZ-012. In addition, the machine consumes only three liters of fuel while processing 10 hectares, which is a good indicator.

As practice has shown, one of the problem points of the tractor is the oil seal of the final drive. Replacing it is accompanied by certain difficulties, which, however, can be solved independently, without the involvement of outside specialists. Replacing gearbox bearings requires the user to be able to remove the locking spring washers.

As for the cost of a mini-tractor, today it ranges from 150,000 to 300,000 thousand Russian rubles.

Cabin model

This tractor is supplied to the open market by the manufacturer. That is, it initially does not have a cabin. For performing work in the summer, this option, of course, is quite good. But this model is often used in winter. Of course, it is not particularly comfortable to carry out work without additional protection at this time of year. However, the farmer can purchase an additional cabin for this tractor, which is heated, at any time.

Actually, the operator’s workplace itself in the KMZ-012 model is equipped with a modern adjustable spring seat. The control panel with all sensors is located directly in front of the driver.

Advantages

The tractor's high mobility and compact dimensions allow it to work in very cramped conditions (city sidewalks, vineyards, greenhouse complexes). In addition, the ability of the machine to work together with many attachments also significantly increases the scope of application. Auxiliary equipment includes:

• Rotary blade.
• Robber-robber.
• Mowers.
• Milling type cultivator.
• Cultivator-hiller.

The list of these units is regularly updated thanks to the Kurgan plant.

In general, the key positive features of the tractor are as follows:

• Excellent maneuverability even when working in small areas.
• Easy to maintain, operate and unpretentious.
• High cost efficiency.
• Safety and comfort for the user.

Photo

In addition to its versatility and versatility, the mini tractor has another serious advantage. Unlike foreign analogues, maintenance and repair of KMZ-012 will not require much effort. The fuel tank and battery of the vehicle are located under the reclining seat, and the engine is easy to access by opening the hood.

Among the key features characterizing KMZ-012, the following should be highlighted:

• excellent maneuverability when working in small areas;
• a huge selection of attachments and additional working elements;
• ease of maintenance and management;
• efficiency;
• high safety and operator comfort.

Specifications

The fuel consumption of KMZ-012 with an engine operating life of less than 3000 operating hours is 3 l/100 km. Considering that the mini tractor’s fuel tank holds 20 liters, it can operate for a long time without refueling.

Depending on the presence (absence) of a roof and front linkage, special equipment has different dimensions. Thus, the length of KMZ-012, equipped with these elements, is 2310 mm, width – 960 mm, height – 2040 mm.

The “naked” mini tractor has a length of 1972 mm, a width of 960 mm, and a height of 1975 mm.

The KMZ-012 track is adjustable and has two positions (700 mm and 900 mm). The ground clearance of the model is 300 mm, the fording depth is 380 mm. The mass of the minitractor is 697-745 kg, the nominal traction force is 2.1 kN.

Structural elements

KMZ-012 remains virtually unchanged throughout the years of production in terms of basic characteristics and elements.

The front axle of the tractor is made in the form of a swinging beam. However, the chassis of the car also has a rigid suspension. You can attach two trailers to the tractor at once, one of which moves up to 100 millimeters to the right, and the second moves in both directions relative to the machine frame. The movement of attachments is controlled by the operation of a spool-type distributor.

The driver's seat is installed on steel elastic springs, and therefore, during the operation of the car, a person does not feel any serious discomfort or inconvenience.