Tractor T-150 and T-150k: technical characteristics, device

From 1974 to the 21st century

T-150 is an energy-rich agricultural general-purpose crawler tractor produced by the Kharkov Tractor Plant. Produced from 1974 until recently. The most common is the energy-rich wheeled tractor T-150K, which is maximally unified with it. The differences between them are in the running systems, turning mechanisms, frames, gearboxes (unified by elements) and control systems. The development and mass production of a family of wheeled and tracked tractors that are not just related, but have the highest degree of unification, is a very difficult task. Only Soviet industry and the John Deere corporation could cope with it. About the tracked T-150 – in this publication.

Design Features

The chassis of the T-150 tractor is based on a rigid-type supporting frame, which includes two powerful longitudinal channel (box-shaped) spars, transversely connected by the front and three intermediate steel beams - cross beams, connected by rivets. Two propulsion bogies with a caterpillar belt of forty-six links each, drive sprockets, guide rollers with tension devices and shock absorbers, support and support wheels are attached to the frame through a spring suspension block.

The turning control of the tracked version of the vehicle is steering. It is also possible to include different gears on each track. Therefore, you can turn a heavy vehicle around almost in one place.

In the wheeled version, T-150K, the frame consists of two parts, hingedly connected, with the ability to rotate in a horizontal plane. On the front half-frame there is a motor, a gearbox, a cabin and a diesel fuel tank. On the rear semi-frame there is a hinged system, which is designed to secure implements. Both tractor axles, rear and front, are driven. In this case, the rear one can be turned off.

On the T-150 tractor the engine is located at the front. A clutch and a dual-flow gearbox are rigidly attached to the rear of the engine, the two output shafts of which are connected by cardan drives to the right and left bevel main gears mounted in the rear axle. The main gears are connected to the planetary final drives, on which the track chain sprockets are mounted.

The tractor can be turned in two ways. The kinematic method involves engaging, using hydraulic clutches, different gears on the left and right sides. With the kinematic turning method, both tracks remain driving (active) and the entire weight of the tractor is used to create traction force. The power method consists of reducing the oil pressure in the hydraulic clutch of the lagging side. When turning the tractor by force, the tractor is controlled by the steering wheel. The smallest turning radius is ensured by turning on the brake of the desired side, after completely disabling the hydraulic clutch.

A cabin and a diesel fuel tank with a capacity of 315 liters are installed on the gearbox. The gearbox includes transport, traction (slow), work mode and reverse. Gear shifting (there are four in total, for each of the listed modes) is carried out by hydraulic couplings - without stopping, under load and in motion. The brakes are band brakes, with two tightening branches. Hydraulic equipment: separate separate-unit system for controlling mounted and trailed machines; separate system for steering and gear shift control. The steering is hydromechanical.

Pneumatic equipment: control of the clutch and trailer brakes.

Electrical equipment: on-board network with an internal voltage of 12 V. Starter voltage – 24V. Rechargeable batteries – 6ST-190A3 (2 pcs.)

The tractor's hitch is hydraulic, single-cylinder, with 2- and 3-point adjustment.

T-150 engines

The main engine of the T-150 tractor, which, in fact, was originally developed for it, is the SMD-60 diesel engine, produced by the Kharkov tractor diesel plant "Sickle and Hammer". This is a six-cylinder V-shaped liquid-cooled diesel engine equipped with turbocharging. Its operating power is 150 horsepower. The diesel engine is started by a starting gasoline engine, which, in turn, is started by an electric starter.

SMD-60.

T-150 engines are distinguished by the following technical characteristics (in parentheses are numbers for the YaMZ-236D3 version):

Power – 150 l. With. (175).
At a rotation speed of 2000 rpm (2100).
Working volume – 9.15 liters (11.15).
Weight – 0.95 t (1.00).
Diesel fuel consumption – 217 g/kWh (220).

YaMZ-236D3.

Also, the tracked T-150s were equipped with diesel engines of the YaMZ-236M2-59 model:

Power – 180 hp
Rated rotation speed – 2100 rpm.
Specific fuel consumption at rated engine power is 245 g/kWh (180 g/hp/h).
Maximum torque – 667 N.m, at 1250-1450 rpm.

To facilitate starting the tractor engine at low air temperatures, the use of a pre-start heater PZHB-300 is provided.

T-and T-800 - discontinued

Tractors that have already been discontinued, but are still used in work, include the T 500 bulldozer, which was also produced at the Cheboksary Tractor Plant (ChZPT) . An industrial bulldozer with a hydromechanical transmission was developed for work in the oil and gas, forestry, reclamation, and construction industries. Operating power – 353 hp. The SU blade (hemispherical) has dimensions of 4530x2120 mm and a volume of 18.5 m

Bulldozer T 800 is a powerful bulldozer-loosening unit with a net weight of 76.5 tons. Produced by the Chelyabinsk Tractor Plant . The operating weight is 106 tons, since the attachment weighs 29.5 tons. Designed for processing particularly frozen and rocky soils. Equipped with a 6-cylinder diesel engine producing 820 hp. Capable of being an alternative to drilling and blasting operations when carrying out stripping operations. In 1990 it was the largest bulldozer in the world.

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Transmission

The designs of gearboxes for tracked and wheeled versions of the tractor are unified, the main gears are made in the form of planetary gearboxes. In the tracked version of the T-150, the gearbox is dual-flow, with the ability to transfer movement to the selected track. On the T-150K wheeled tractor, torque is transmitted to the drive axles from the gearbox through a transfer case. The gearbox is also equipped with a power take-off shaft, which drives the implements.

The gearbox of the T-150 crawler tractor is multi-range (with slow/traction, working, transport and reverse). In each of these ranges there are four gears, switched by hydraulic clutches without interrupting the power flow. But the ranges are switched only when the tractor is completely stopped. Also from the gearbox is the PTO drive – the power take-off shaft.

The left and right output shafts of the gearbox are equipped with personal hydraulic clutches that connect these shafts to the driven gears of all gears. When changing gears, the hydraulic clutch of the next gear is first engaged, after which the hydraulic clutch of the previous gear is turned off. For a moment, both clutches remain engaged, and this ensures a seamless shifting pattern.

Chassis and suspension

The T-150 crawler tractor moves with the help of two caterpillar chains, each of which is located on two sprung balancer suspension carriages and two support rollers. The propulsion unit has coil springs and hydraulic shock absorbers, which are designed to reduce shocks from collisions with various bumps and obstacles.

The tractor is equipped with a spring-balance suspension with four spring-balance carriages, each of which is equipped with two swing axes. The tracks are 420 mm wide. Link pitch – 170 mm.

Design and working equipment of a wheeled tractor

The HTZ 150K-09 cabin has all the amenities necessary for work. It is designed for two people. The driver's seat is installed on special spring mechanisms with hydraulic shock absorbers that adapt to the driver's weight. They also dampen most of the vibrations that occur when driving on uneven surfaces. The passenger seat is deprived of this privilege. Otherwise, the seats are adjustable for backrest angle and distance to the dashboard. The cabin is ventilated naturally through opening side windows.

Heating is provided by a powerful autonomous interior heater. It allows you to create a comfortable temperature inside the cabin, regardless of the degree of frost outside. All controls and monitoring devices are located in close proximity to the driver's seat and do not block access to each other. The interior decoration is purely functional in nature and does not shine with decorative elements. But in the cabin, with the windows closed, complete isolation from external noise and dust is created. And in cold weather, the interior retains heat well.

This tractor belongs to the 3rd traction class. It has several devices for installing additional working equipment. A universal, hydraulic, separate-module device is designed for attachments. It can withstand a maximum load of up to 3 tons. The towing device has a pendulum structure and a towing bracket for fixation. The maximum permissible weight of a loaded trailer is 10 tons. The tractor also has a hydraulic towbar with double-acting shock absorbers and a rotating hook. All devices for installing additional units are located behind the driver's cab. This arrangement makes it difficult or even impossible to use several devices at the same time, as they will interfere with each other. Therefore, before installing a new unit, you will have to remove equipment from the tractor that will not be used at the moment.

Cabin T-150

The T-150 tractor cab is a two-seater cabin, noise-, dust- and protected, and since 2013, also equipped with a safety cage. The cabin is equipped with heating, ventilation, windshield wipers, and a sun visor. There are rear-view mirrors and a device for blowing glass.

The cabin has two soft seats. The main thing is sprung; it can be adjusted in height. The cabin is equipped with lighting, a heater, a thermos for water, a place for a first aid kit and hooks for hanging clothes.

Differences from its predecessor - the T-74 crawler tractor

The T-150 differs from its predecessor in increased operating weight (one and a half times) and diesel engine power (more than twice). Also in its design, a shift of the center of gravity forward, relative to the middle of the supporting surface, is implemented. This allows, when applying traction force, to equalize the pressure along the entire length of the support surface of the track chain. The center of gravity was shifted by separating the gearbox with the turning mechanism from the rear axle and moving them forward, directly to the engine.

Compared to the T-74, the T-150 provides a significant increase in productivity by operating at higher speeds and with greater thrust. It reduces the harmful effects on the fertile soil layer - pressure and slipping. Transmitting power in 2 streams can significantly reduce loads, strengthen the durability of all transmission components, reduce its dimensions and raise ground clearance. In terms of working conditions, the T-150, of course, was much preferable to the more archaic T-74.

In comparison with the wheeled version - the T-150K tractor

Compared to its wheeled version, the T-150 has a very low transport speed and cannot travel on paved roads. There are real difficulties when aggregating a crawler tractor with heavy mounted implements - due to its shorter wheelbase.

The advantages of the tracked T-150, compared to the wheeled version, are: reduction of harmful effects on the ground (specific pressure by 2 times, and slipping by three times); increase in traction force by about 20-30 percent; higher productivity of the tractor unit; lower (10% less) diesel fuel consumption.

Advantages and disadvantages

The following points stand out among the advantages:

Work on hard ground - on a highway with asphalt surface.
A large number of additional agricultural machines are connected to the tractor.
Comfortable cabin design.

Negative traits:

Ground pressure too high. If the HTZ 150 tractor skidded in the ground, when leaving, it exerts triple pressure on the ground.
When working on wet ground, consumption increases by 10-15 percent, and working capacity decreases.

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Bulldozer modification

Based on the T-150 tracked tractor, a modification of the T-150D with bulldozer equipment was developed. This crawler tractor was routinely equipped with a non-rotating bulldozer blade 05-09-25-06, designed for energy-intensive agricultural and road construction work. The width of this standard bulldozer blade of the T-150D tractor is 2520 mm, the lifting height is 800 mm, and the lowering depth is 400 mm.

Equipment

The following additional mechanisms can be attached to the Kharkov tractor:

Bulldozer blade. Clears roads of dirt and snow. Can level areas of earth or rubble.
Plow. Used for arable work.
Trailer machine. Helps in transporting cargo weighing up to 20,000 kg.
Automatic coupler for railway. Helps to operate a rail tractor made on the basis of HTZ-150K.
Mechanism for sowing. The seeder helps to carry out sowing work.
Cultivation mechanisms.

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Technical specifications in numbers

Traction class – 3 t.
Operating weight – 8.25 tons.
Overall dimensions: length – 4.325 m; width – 1.85 m; height – 2.895 m.
Base – 1.86 m; track - 1.435 m.
Road (agrotechnical) clearance – 300 mm.
Maximum forward – 15.65 km/h; back – 7.80 km/h.
Lowest speed: forward – 4.30 km/h; back – 5.80 km/h.
The power take-off shaft is two-speed, with a rotation speed of 1000 or 540 rpm.
Track width – 1.45 m.
Track width – 420 mm.
Specific soil pressure is 0.46 kg/cm2 (for the wheeled version - 3.42 kg/cm2).
The lifting capacity of the attachment is 3.5 tons.
Fuel tank capacity – 315 liters of fuel. There were also tractors with 430-liter fuel tanks.
Filling parameters: engine oil - 19.8 l, steering oil - 33 l, gearbox - 38 l, hydraulic system - 50 l, drive axle - 34 l, PTO gearbox - 3.6 l, coolant - 41 l.
Maximum load capacity – 4200 kg.
Pump capacity – 86 l./min.
The number of free pairs of distributor hydraulic outlets is 2.
Turning radius – 2.35 m.

Owner reviews and areas of application

The main advantage of using the T-150 crawler tractor is the prevention of soil compaction, while maintaining the fertile layer. The use of this tractor allows you to perform agricultural work in difficult soil and climatic conditions, with high traction characteristics. T-150s were effectively used (and some continue to be used) in the following work: pre-sowing and main tillage on large plots of land - plowing, land cultivation; sowing work using productive wide-cut sowing complexes; procurement of feed and laying silage for storage; cleaning work in combination with specialized equipment.

The versatility and high performance of the T-150 tractor provides the ability to use a wide range of trailed specialized equipment - more than fifty items in total. A powerful motor, decent operating speed, and a pendulum mechanism for coupling trailed equipment allow the machine to be used for arable work, towing seeders, cultivators, harrows, sprayers, etc. The machine is effective in forming and filling silo pits. Crawler tractors T-150 and bulldozer modification T-150D have been used, and continue to be used, in road and industrial construction, forestry, land reclamation, quarrying and mining.

In reviews, owners and machine operators of T-150 tracked tractors evaluate this equipment extremely positively as extremely reliable, unpretentious and durable. The T-150 rarely breaks down, it is very easy to maintain and repairable: it has easy access to the main components; a small number of lubrication points reduces maintenance and repair time; spare parts and consumables are inexpensive.

The disadvantages of this model include: high diesel fuel consumption; a short wheelbase, which does not allow to provide the required parameters for towing wide-cut plows; the need to exert significant effort when using the steering column. Also, if the plots of land for cultivation are scattered, which is why you have to wander from one to another, then using tracks turns out to be a long, fuel-intensive and generally inconvenient process. And in our time, to these disadvantages one cannot help but add the very high cost of the tractor.

A more modern incarnation of a caterpillar tractor from the Kharkov plant is the KhTZ-181. It is more powerful than the T-150: it is equipped with an eight-cylinder diesel engine and belongs to the fourth, and not the third, traction class.

Purpose

HTZ T-150K is one of the few Soviet tractors that turned out to be so interesting to foreign customers that it had the opportunity to take part in international tests in the United States. The machine was developed by the Kharkov Tractor Plant, and had enormous potential for further improvement. Please note that the model in question has a unified design with the T-150 caterpillar tractor. The car uses many innovative solutions, but this feature did not negatively affect maintainability. Over time, these innovative developments have become commonplace. In addition, unification with the tracked modification of the T-150 made it possible to reduce the cost of producing spare parts, and thereby make the tractor repairable even in field conditions. The main purpose of the machine is agriculture. In particular, the machine is common in operations such as harrowing, hilling, plowing, cultivation, sowing grain and vegetable crops, pre-sowing preparation, processing virgin soil and other tasks. In addition, this tractor has proven itself in loading and unloading, and towing heavy trailers. In the public sector, the machine is capable of performing construction and road installation work. At one time, the T-150K tractor was supplied to many post-Soviet countries. The machine received several modernized versions, which only increased the global popularity of the tractor.

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Cost of the T-150 caterpillar tractor

The new tractor T-150-05-09-26 (with diesel engine YaMZ-236M2-59 180 hp) costs 4,420,000 rubles. After a long period of downtime, the Kharkov Tractor Plant resumed work in February 2022. Despite the fact that, according to reports from the new management and the government of Ukraine, KhTZ produced 794 tractors in 2017 and for the first time “closed the year” with a profit rather than a loss, the warehouse balances of tractors from previous years of production are still not sold out. The demand for both classic models and modern Kharkov tractors (modernized analogues of the T-150 and T-150K) is limited by their high price.

There are few used tracked T-150s on the secondary agricultural machinery market, unlike their wheeled “brothers.” They ask for from 200,000 to 1,100,000 rubles, depending on the year of manufacture and technical condition.

After production of the SMD-60 engine ceased, a six-cylinder V-shaped, liquid-cooled YaMZ-236D3 engine was installed on the tractor - without turbocharging, but with an operating power of 170 horsepower. Its manufacturer is Yaroslavl Motor).

The lineup

The power of the T-150 tractor was useful in many sectors of the economy and industry. KhTZ was mainly involved in the production of the T-150K wheeled model. The tracked model has not found wide use due to strong competition from similar equipment from ChTZ.

The following models were developed on the basis of the T-150K wheeled tractor:

T-155 is used as a light tractor
T-157 is designed for forest skidding
T-150KD is a bulldozer version of the tractor
The T-154 was designed specifically for use as an army tractor
T 150K 09 this machine was equipped with a YaMZ engine with 175 hp. and a double cabin.