We present a unit of high traction class 2 - a powerful multifunctional tractor Belarus MTZ 1221, which is widely used in large agricultural farms, livestock farms, industrial enterprises, public utilities, construction sites, and transport. In mass production - since the late seventies of the last century.
Tractor Belarus MTZ 1221
Basic description of special equipment
Characteristic features of Belarus tractors are simplicity of design, high-quality assembly and high performance indicators. These are reliable and multifunctional machines that can be combined with various mounted devices.
The basic design of the Belarus MTZ-1221 served as the basis for the production of several modifications of the equipment:
- MTZ-1221 L. Designed for forestry, used for transporting lumber, loading logs, planting young trees;
- "Belarus" 1221 V.2 . These machines are equipped with reversible control posts;
- MTZ-1221 T.2 . Front wheel drive. A special feature is the absence of a cabin. However, instead of it, an awning with special heat-resistant window openings is provided;
- "Belarus" MTZ-1221.3 This is a tractor with increased power (131.7 hp);
- MTZ-1221.2 series “Tropic”. These machines are equipped with another fuel tank and a radiator that can withstand high ambient temperatures;
- MTZ-1221.4 . These tractors are equipped with environmentally friendly Tier II power units. Front-wheel drive model;
- MTZ-1221.5 . This special equipment has a modern design and is equipped with a 133 horsepower engine. strength and belongs to the Stage IIIB eco-standard.
Important: today the assembly of Belarus tractors is carried out not only in Minsk, but also at several Russian factories.
Main technical parameters
The main features of tractors from the Minsk plant are the simplicity of their design and maintainability. Spare parts for MTZ 1221 are available in a wide range of products. On the website you can order the necessary components for any mechanism of special equipment. To fully understand the structure of these machines, it is worth understanding their technical features in more detail, studying the main parameters and design of the most important components.
The size of MTZ-1221 is expressed in the following indicators: 4600x2250x3000 mm. The ground clearance of the front axle is 620 mm, the rear axle is 645 mm. Weight - 4640 (in pure form), the track can be adjusted. So, for the front wheels the range of settings is 1545-2265, and for the rear wheels it varies between 1500 and 1900 mm.
Engine characteristics
MTZ-1221 is equipped with diesel power units. For equipment, in-line six-cylinder units are used, which are additionally equipped with turbocharging. D260.2 engines are produced by the same company in Minsk. The main feature of such units is their environmental friendliness. They operate on different types of fuel: domestically produced and imported.
Among the special technical characteristics of engines for MTZ-1221, it is worth noting the power indicator - it is equal to 130 hp. With.; maximum rpm per minute (nominal number) - 2100; cylinder volume is 110 mm each.
Characteristics of transmission and chassis
Despite the simplicity of the design of the MTZ-1221 tractors, they implement some differences from their predecessor models. Among the main features:
- double-disc reinforced feredo (clutch) design. Additionally, it is enclosed in a rigid housing;
- The rear drive has knee and planetary gearboxes. At the same time, the electrohydraulic system that regulates the differential is available with the following operating modes;
- dry brakes (designed for 3 discs). On some modifications of equipment, a multi-disk design of these parts is sometimes used; they are mounted on a shaft with a drive gear;
- reinforced gear axle shafts. This feature allows you to attach various types of attachments to the tractor, including heavy models.
Important: the front axle is defined as the leading axle in the MTZ-1221, although in some machines it is planetary or beam-coaxial.
Due to the wide wheels at the front and the reinforced design of the drive beam, connecting attachments is simplified.
Technical characteristics of the MTZ-1221 tractor
- Engine model - 260.2C;
- Power, kW (hp) - 96 (130);
- Rated rotation speed, rpm – 2100;
- Rated rotation speed, rpm – 2100;
- Number of cylinders – 6;
- Cylinder diameter/piston stroke, mm - 110/125;
- Working volume, l - 7.12;
- Maximum torque at 1400 rpm, N.m (kgf.m) - 500 (51);
- Specific fuel consumption at rated power, g/kWh. (g/hp.h.) - 226 166);
- Torque reserve factor, % - 20;
- Fuel tank capacity, l – 160;
- Rear PTO: independent, two-speed with hydromechanical control system.;
- Differential lock: friction, automatic with hydraulic drive;
- Clutch - dry, double-disc, permanently closed;
- Transmission - mechanical, synchronized, speed, 6-range (4/2);
- Gear shifting - synchronized clutches;
- Number of gears: forward/backward - 16/8 (24×12);
- Travel speeds, km/h: forward - 2.1-33.8;
- Travel speeds, km/h: reverse - 4.0—15.8;
- Rear PTO: - independent two-speed with hydromechanical control system;
- independent I, rpm – 557;
- independent II, rpm – 1000;
- synchronous, travel rpm - 4.36;
- Load capacity on the axis of the lower link joints, kgf – 4500;
- Maximum pressure, kgf/cm – 200;
- Pump capacity, l/min – 55;
- Hydraulic system capacity, l – 21;
- Wheelbase, mm – 2760;
- Total length, mm – 4950;
- Width, mm – 2250;
- Cabin height, mm – 2850;
- Track, mm on the front wheels - 1545-2265;
- Track, mm on the rear wheels - 1500-1900;
- Ground clearance, mm under the front axle – 620;
- Ground clearance, mm under the rear axle – 465;
- Smallest turning radius, m - 5.3;
- Operating weight, kg – 5300;
- Front wheel tire sizes: 14.9R24;
- Rear wheel tire sizes are 18.4R38.
Hydraulic characteristics
The ability to work with the use of additional units: mounted, semi-mounted, trailed is ensured by the operation of hydraulics. On Belarus MTZ-1221 models, this system is presented in two configuration options:
- In the first case, 2 power cylinders are built into the hydraulic receiver. They are located vertically.
- In the second, the cylinder is autonomous, but located in a horizontal plane.
Important: the system is easy to maintain and does not require special operating conditions. Regulation of the temperature of the technical fluid and purification (through filters) occurs autonomously, without operator participation. A large supply tank with three pairs of nozzles for high-pressure hydraulic hoses is designed to perform work with various attachments.
One of the following types can be used as a coupling and traction device:
- SA-1 (automatic);
- TSU-2R (aka “Python”);
- cross member type TSU-1Zh-01;
- TSU-3V (lift hitch).
The rear linkage of the MTZ-1221 is 3-point. It is used to attach attachments to equipment and regulates their position by adjusting guy wires or braces.
Gearbox device 16F+8R
The mechanism of this unit also consists of a gear unit with a primary shaft and an intermediate shaft, a low gear and reverse gear shaft, a gear block, a secondary shaft, a gear and range shift mechanism, and a gearbox hydraulic system.
Box body 18+6
parts for gearbox housing 16+8
Gear reducer
This part of the box performs the function of forming gear ratios without taking into account ranges.
Gearbox diagram 16+8 MTZ 122
The gearbox consists of: a primary shaft (1) installed with gears mounted on needle bearings and two synchronizers (3) placed through bushings (2) on the shaft splines; intermediate shaft (31) with four driven gears (27,28,29,30) mounted on it with interference (27,28,29,30) fig. gearbox diagram
Details of the input shaft of the gearbox 16+8
list of parts for gearbox input shaft 16+8
Intermediate shaft and gear block
The gear block is installed on the same axis with the intermediate shaft. Gears (22 and 25) are located on the splines of the gear block shaft. The rear support of the block is located in the gear hub (23) of the synchronous mode drive of the rear PTO and the FDA drive. rice. gearbox diagram
Intermediate shaft parts for gearbox 16+8
List of parts for the intermediate shaft of the 16+8 gearbox
Secondary shaft
The part is in the form of a gear shaft (18), placed on tapered bearings (10 and 17) in the gearbox housing. The drive gear (15) of the FDA drive is fixedly mounted on the shaft, on the hub of which the driven gear (14) is located on a needle bearing. The driven gear (11) is installed on the shaft through the bushing (20). Between the gears (14 and 11) on the splines of the secondary shaft (18) there is a gear half-coupling. The entire package of parts on the shaft is clamped with a nut. rice. gearbox diagram
Gearbox secondary shaft 16+8
List of parts for the secondary shaft of the 16+8 gearbox
Reverse low gear shaft
This part is equipped with gear (4) of ranges I and II and gear (2) for reverse gear, gear (8) is mounted on a bronze bushing.
Low gear shaft 16+8 gearbox
Depending on the configuration of the gearbox, the design of the shaft for low gears and reverse gear is different: in the gearbox with the possibility of using a speed reducer on a splined bushing (5) there is a gear (7) for driving the speed reducer connected to the splines of the gear (8) and locked with a locking ring (6) on the bushing (5). In a gearbox without the possibility of installing a creeper, a bushing (10) is installed on the splined bushing (9), connected by splines to the gear (8) and fixed by a ring (6) on the bushing (9).
Shaft of low gears and reverse gearbox 16+8
list of parts for gearbox low gear shaft 16+8
Control mechanism
This part of the gearbox consists of gear and range control mechanisms.
Part of the gear shift mechanism is located in the fork housing and the housings located on top (5 and 8). The gears are engaged by the fork (12) of the shift handle through the lever (7), shaft (15) and lever (4). The fork body (6) contains leads (5 and 7) with forks (4) attached to them. The simultaneous activation of two speeds is prevented by installed blocking balls between the drivers (5 and 7). Fixation of the forks (4) in the neutral position is ensured by spring-loaded clamps (8).
Control mechanism for gearbox MTZ 1221 16+8
The range selection mechanism consists of a fork (11) shift handle, lever (6), shaft (16) and levers (17) installed in housings (5 and parts located in the gearbox housing. Gear couplings (13, 26) and (3 ) are moved by forks (1, 4, 14) fixed on the corresponding leads (2, 5, 15). The position of the switching clutches is fixed by parts (8, 11, 12) in the design of the switching mechanism.
Parts of the gearbox shift mechanism 16+8
List of parts for gearshift mechanism 16+8 gearbox
Control devices and cabin type
The main controls in the tractor are located to the right of the driver’s seat. These include levers of several types: control of the attachment and tools; manual feeding of diesel fuel; PTO connections, etc. The steering wheel is hydraulic, which makes driving the car easy and does not require much physical effort.
Important: MTZ-1221 tractors immediately provide the ability to operate in reverse mode, so the switches are placed so that they can be conveniently used in any position.
This model of equipment is characterized by a comfortable interior with fabric upholstery and plastic lining. The cabin with a metal frame is well insulated from noise and dust, and equipped with forced ventilation. The roof has a hatch for additional ventilation, panoramic glazing, a sun visor and seat belts.
Important: the basic versions of the Belarus MTZ-1221 do not include a fan.
Mounted units
Special equipment "Belarus" MTZ-1221 is characterized as a multifunctional machine. However, to a greater extent it refers to agricultural universal row-crop tractors of the energy-rich class. It is especially rational to operate the MTZ-1221 in field work - in terms of productivity, it can replace the T-150.
Due to its energy saturation, Belarus provides high efficiency when working with various agricultural implements, including wide-cut units. It can be used to perform various agricultural operations for tillage: plowing, harrowing, cultivation, sowing, applying fertilizers and pesticides. Mounted agricultural implements are also selected according to the tasks: cultivators, harrows, seeders, plows, sprayers, etc.
MTZ-1221 can be equipped with construction tools; with proper equipment, the machine is capable of performing the tasks of an excavator, loader or bulldozer.
Tractor operation area
The main area of work of this model is agriculture, namely:
- crop production The equipment allows you to cultivate the soil, fertilize it, cultivate and harvest grains, corn, potatoes, vegetables, as well as harvesting flax or rapeseed, beets and other industrial crops. A range of transport and loading operations can be performed;
- livestock farming This includes the procurement of feed, preparation, grinding of feed, delivery and removal of organic fertilizers (liquid, solid, etc.);
- reclamation.
However, besides agriculture, this tractor model has found its application:
- in forestry;
- public utilities;
- transport sector;
- capital and road construction;
- industry, etc.
In simple words, the model can be considered universal in terms of operation.
Options
The reliability and maintainability of Belarus tractors have made them recognizable leaders in the special equipment market. A big advantage of the machines is the ability to improve them through the optional installation of custom-made mechanisms. By agreement with the client, the manufacturing plant can additionally install devices that are not included in the basic equipment.
In particular, you can order the installation of a front power take-off shaft, a right-hand side step, oil multi-disc brakes, a 24/12 synchronized gearbox, another fuel tank, and a creeper.
Important: the equipment is discussed taking into account the client’s needs, but the price of the tractor also changes.
What is included in the list of additional options
As additional equipment, potential buyers of MTZ-1220 tractors are offered a mechanical synchronized gearbox with a large number of gears - 24 forward / 12 reverse. The tractor can be equipped with an electronic hydraulic system; air conditioning; brakes operating in an oil bath; creeper; kit for doubling rear wheels; compressor with valve (without pneumatic system); 2-wire pneumatic trailer brakes; additional “trainee” seat in the cockpit. Instead of the standard main seat, you can install a more comfortable imported one.
The rear wheel doubling kit is very useful when working on sticky soils. Since increasing the contact area of the tires with the ground increases cross-country ability, controllability, and traction capacity.
The creeper allows you to reduce operating speeds in lower gears and thereby increase the traction of the MTZ-1220 tractor.
Maintenance Features
MTZ-1221 requires maintenance to maintain the functionality of the tractor. Shift maintenance is performed after 10 operating hours. Further work must be carried out regularly, according to the plan in the instructions for the equipment.
Diesel fuel and oil are selected according to the climate of the region and seasonal weather.
Due to its simple design, minor breakdowns can be repaired by the operator himself. To prevent serious problems, it is important to carry out maintenance on time, ensure careful operation according to the intended purpose of the machine and replace worn-out spare parts. Otherwise, expensive and labor-intensive repairs, downtime of special equipment and maintenance costs cannot be avoided.
Transmission hydraulic system
The GLS of the box ensures lubrication under pressure of the critical rotation points, as well as the operation of the box control system in the parts of the control for switching the higher and lower stages, and the integrated electro-hydraulic control system for the FDA drive, rear axle differential lock, and PTO drive.
transmission hydraulic system MTZ 1221
The hydraulic part of the gearbox mechanism consists of:
- gear hydraulic pump NSh-25 installed in the housing of the unit on the left side in the lower front part and receiving drive from the diesel engine of the tractor
- centrifugal oil filter (centrifuge) connected by a flange to the outside of the right side of the unit housing
- strainer inside the housing on the right side at the front bottom
The system pump has a drive activation link in the installation cover. Dismantling or installation of the unit is carried out with the obligatory shutdown of the drive - with the driver in the extreme position clockwise. An attempt to dismantle the pump with the drive turned on will lead to the destruction of the cast iron landing cover of the pump.
gearbox pump with drive
Centrifugal filter for gearbox hydraulic system
Mesh oil filter for gearbox hydraulic system
System pressure
GNS pressure control is carried out by a built-in arrow indicator as part of the instrument cluster of the tractor control panel.
- The working sector of the oil pressure in the gearbox on the sensor is 8-15 kgf/cm²
- Normal operating pressure values 9-12 kgf/cm²
- Non-working pressure sector on the sensor 4-8 kgf/cm²
Oil brand
The oil level is monitored visually through a window with a transparent insert on the right side of the gearbox housing. The normal level is considered higher than about (full) by 7 mm. The total volume of filling the transmission without a creeper is 43 liters, with a creeper 55 liters.
As a working fluid and lubricant, the gearbox hydraulic system is filled with the same brand of oil that is used for the engine: in summer M10G2, M10G2K, M10B2, SAE 15-W40; in winter M8G2, M8G2K, SAE 5W-40. Traditionally, transmission oil is changed during seasonal maintenance or at least after 1000 operating hours.
