MTZ 82 gearbox: design, diagram and gearbox repair

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26.09.2019

MTZ-80/82 “Belarus” is one of the most popular tractors in the former USSR. This machine has been produced in Minsk, as well as at a number of other factories in the USSR since 1974 and continues to be produced to this day.

Initially, the tractor was developed as a light agricultural machine. However, in our country it has received much wider application. On the basis of MTZ-80/82, a variety of construction equipment was made, such as bulldozers and excavators, which became no less famous than agricultural equipment.

Therefore, information about the operation and maintenance of this tractor will be of interest to the widest public. The article below will discuss in detail the MTZ 82 gearbox, its capabilities, as well as the procedure for switching MTZ 82 speeds.

General information

The MTZ-82 gear shift scheme is based on the design of the gearbox and the features of its composition. The box is a set of gears, connected in different combinations and providing different gear ratios, installed in the crankcase with a pressure mechanism. Increasing the gear ratio increases speed, decreasing it increases power.

MTZ-82 gearbox device

Fault prevention

For the longest possible operation of the MTZ “Belarus” gearbox, you should adhere to several recommendations.

1. Only high-quality transmission lubricants, such as TAP-15V, should be filled into the gearbox. Filled volume is 40 liters, replacement is carried out once a year. In the intervals between oil changes, you should check its level and the absence of drips on the box body.
2. It is important to operate the tractor itself correctly, using only trailed and mounted equipment, the class of which corresponds to the traction class of the machine, that is, 1.4. When faced with problems shifting gears, do not try to activate them with force. It is better to check the gearbox and clutch for damage and malfunctions as quickly as possible.
3. During the repair process, you should use only high-quality spare parts and components for the MTZ “Belarus” gearbox; the best option is original factory-produced parts.

As practice shows, the MTZ model 82 gearbox is a fairly reliable unit. However, as with any unit that includes various rubbing mechanisms, it is necessary to regularly carry out maintenance and repair of the MTZ gearbox, as well as clean the device from time to time and change the oil in it.

In case of refusal of service activities, the risk of various malfunctions and breakdowns increases significantly.

Purpose and functions of the gearbox plunger and oil seal

Among other elements, the MTZ-82 gear shift circuit contains a plunger with a switch. The blocker is equipped with a gearbox, cups and plunger disks, and relatively thin linings.

The oil seal ensures the tightness of the device and prevents oil from escaping from the housing. It is installed above the block and is driven by the transmission gear. The connection to the shaft is made through a rod. The upper part of the device contains an adapter with working bushings.

Planetary gearbox PTO MTZ-82

Crankcase and supercharger

Gear shift diagram on the MTZ-82 tractor

The MTZ-82 gear shift scheme uses an oil sump (sump) with a volume of 15 liters. It is equipped with two gears, has a durable support platform with spacers and connecting cups in the side segments. They are equipped with bushings that act as seals and prevent oil from escaping. During operation, the bushings wear out and must be periodically replaced.

The pumping mechanism consists of a set of disks, between which rigid gaskets are installed. The stands on which the device is mounted are equipped with small protrusions, and the lower support element is rigidly attached.

The injection mechanism operates in difficult conditions and requires periodic maintenance. It is necessary to regularly remove sediment present in the oil and small metal particles that appear during the friction of moving elements.

One of the best-selling MTZ tractors

Every tenth wheeled tractor coming off the assembly line on our planet is an MTZ tractor. Today, the current MTZ catalog presents to potential consumers two dozen basic models of a wide variety of tractors, wheeled and tracked, from mini-format to powerful, energy-intensive 10th traction class. We can say that the company strives to cover absolutely all market segments, and this task is being successfully accomplished.

If you look at the sales statistics, it will become obvious that the most popular in the domestic market are still universal tractors of the 1.4 traction class: “MTZ-82” (and its variant “MTZ-82.1”), which have become the modern incarnation of the legendary “MTZ -80 Belarus.” Along with the 82nd Belarus, another modern model, the MTZ-920, is also gaining popularity.

MTZ-82 gear shift procedure

The MTZ-82 gearbox has 9 forward and 2 reverse speeds. In addition, there is a reduction gearbox that doubles the number of available speeds and power levels. The gearbox stages have 2 ranges, providing different operating modes of the gearbox. Speed ​​switching order:

Control of checkpoint Belarus MTZ-82

• Engine speed is reduced to a minimum.
• The clutch pedal is pressed all the way.
• The gearshift lever first switches on one or another stage, after which the desired gear is engaged.
• Use the gas pedal to increase engine speed while smoothly releasing the clutch.

Inexperienced drivers sometimes fail to engage the desired gear the first time. In these cases, you should turn on neutral and try again.

Shifting gears is carried out by different gearbox elements. To engage some, forks are used, others are brought into connection using a gear element. This element is a clutch with internal teeth that slides along the gear shaft in the longitudinal direction and occupies a certain position corresponding to the connection of the desired combination of gears.

The MTZ-82 gear shift pattern must be carefully studied before starting work to avoid mistakenly engaging an unnecessary gear or reverse gear.

Specifications

Engine

This tractor, like the MTZ-82, is equipped with a four-stroke, four-cylinder diesel engine “D-243”. Its cylinders are installed in a row, in a vertical position. It is equipped with a direct fuel injection system and an electronic control and adjustment system. There is no turbocharging, like the MTZ-82, on the D-243 engine. Which, however, according to many business executives, is more of an advantage for work than a disadvantage. The lining of the tractor engine compartment is made of high-quality plastic. Unlike the MTZ-82, a hood design with closed sides is used (lined with a full hood of the tractor diesel engine).

• The working volume of the D-243 engine is 4.75 liters.
• Cylinder diameter – 110 mm.
• Maximum developed power – 81 hp. (or 59.6 kW).
• Maximum torque – 298 N/m; at a rotation speed of 2200 rpm.
• Specific fuel consumption – 229 g/kWh.
• Fuel tank capacity – 135 l.
• Environmental standard – “Stage 0”/“Stage I”

Fuel consumption

The consumption of beats can be calculated using the formula 220 g/kW*hour. With a V fuel tank of 135 liters, the machine can operate for 7-10 hours.

Transmission and braking system

The tractor is equipped with a synchronized (although on special order it can be a mechanical) gearbox. The gearbox is equipped with a reduction gear (multiplier); synchronized accelerator. Number of gears: 14 forward and 4 reverse. The minimum speed is: 2.55 km/h forward and 5.35 km/h reverse. The maximum speed is set by the manufacturer as 36.6 km/h forward and 12.07 km/h back. The clutch is a friction single-disc, permanently closed type with mechanical control. The clutch disc linings are made of metal-ceramic material.

MTZ-920 gearbox

The role of the drive axle is performed by the front axle on the MTZ-920 tractor. It is to this that the final drives are transmitted, and it is also where the self-locking differential and planetary-bevel gearboxes are installed. The front axle is driven by a transfer case with automatic activation, two cardan shafts and an intermediate support with a safety clutch. The rear axle of the MTZ-920 is equipped with electro-hydraulic control.

Each wheel is equipped with multi-disc brakes, which are cooled using an oil bath. The hand brake is equipped with independent control. The type of brakes can vary: dry or wet; two-disc or three-disc; with single-wire or two-wire pneumatic actuator. Reverse gear – mechanical. Steering (HSC) – hydraulic volumetric, modernized. The MOUNT is equipped with a Danfoss dosing pump; a cylinder in the steering linkage and a continuous steering yoke.

Hydraulic system

The hydraulic system “MTZ-920” is of a separate-aggregate type, with a hydraulic lift. It differs in that it has duplicate outputs for the rear hydraulic system and hydraulic lift. In addition, the tractor is equipped with a two-speed rear PTO with an independent synchronous mechanism. The lifting capacity of the rear linkage on the suspension axis is at least 3.2 tons. The maximum pressure is 20 MPa. The volumetric flow of the pump, at the rated speed of the diesel crankshaft, is at least 45 l/min. The capacity of the hydraulic system tank is 28.5 ± 0.5 l.

Three sections of the distributor provide control of external cylinders of agricultural machines and implements. Pedal control of the hydraulic clutch and rear axle differential lock is used; lever control of the FDA transfer case.

It is possible to additionally equip the tractor with creepers; ballast weights for front or rear wheels; tent-frame cabin; stands for doubling the rear wheels; rear suspension fastening system; three pairs of output for the hydraulic system; hydraulic hook and bracket; additional chair; air conditioning.

Dimensions and weight

• Length – 3.97 m; Width – 1.97 m; Height (in the cabin) – 2.84 m.
• Wheelbase, length – 2.45 m.
• Track on the front wheels – 1455-1955 mm; on the rear wheels - 1800-2100 mm.
• Ground clearance under the front axle – 645 mm; under the rear axle – 465 mm.
• The smallest turning radius is 4.1 m.
• Operating weight – 4.1 tons.
• Maximum permissible weight, with load – 7 tons.
• Front tire sizes – 11.2-20; 13.6-20; 360/70R20;13.6R20.
• Rear tire sizes – 15.5R38; 16.9R38; 18.4R34; 9.5-42; 11.2R42.

Reverse gear design

The reverse gearbox is a unit installed between the clutch and the gearbox. Performs the function of quickly changing the direction of movement back and forth without changing the gear ratio. Simply put, at the same speed you can move forward or backward, which allows you to use the “shuttle” mode.

The design of the reverse gearbox consists of two groups:

MTZ-82 gearbox design

• Mechanical transmission unit.
• Reverse gear control.

The first group consists of a set of gears that transform (change direction) the power flow. The second group ensures timely activation or deactivation of a certain operating mode, allowing you to move forward or backward. In the MTZ-82 gear shift circuit, the action of the reverse gearbox is an important and responsible function that makes it possible to instantly change motion, which is often required in difficult field conditions.

Primary shaft

The gearbox of the MTZ-82 tractor has an aggregation with the primary power take-off shaft. It is installed horizontally and is connected at one end to the clutch basket (release plate), and at the other to the secondary shaft coupling. The primary shaft is supported by two bearings. It is equipped with longitudinal teeth on which gears of 3, 4 and 5 speeds are installed. In addition, the input shaft is connected to the creeper using a gear drive.

The design of the transmission does not allow for the input shaft to operate in the neutral position. The device operates only when the synchronous or independent drive is switched on.

MTZ-82 PTO diagram

Advantages and disadvantages

Owners note the following advantages of the MTZ-920 tractor:

• increased power of the hydraulic system due to improved pumps and distributors;
• absence of jerks during operation of hydraulic drives;
• comfortable cabin with improved sealing and vibration isolation;
• synchronized gearbox, facilitating the operator’s work;
• ability to work with a large list of attachments;
• ease of repair;
• the weight of the machine, allowing you to work with arable equipment;
• interchangeability of some parts with early MTZ models.

The disadvantages of the technique include:

• poor equipment of the basic configuration;
• low resource of transmission parts;
• after purchasing a new tractor, all components must be tightened

Maintenance of the MTZ-82 gearbox

The design of the MTZ-82 gearbox has many moving and rubbing parts. Trouble-free operation of all elements is possible only if they are in proper condition, timely technical inspection, and abundant lubrication of all parts. The following malfunctions may occur from irregular maintenance:

Possible malfunctions of the MTZ-82 PTO

• Creaking noise when changing gears.
• Increased lining clearances.
• There is play in the gear shift lever, leading to incomplete or involuntary gear engagement.
• Extraneous noise, grinding or creaking in the box during operation, indicating a violation of the interaction of the elements.

A technical inspection of the gearbox should be carried out once a month. This allows you to increase the service life of the gearbox and rear axle, and ensure appropriate operating conditions for all structural elements. Regular inspection will allow you to promptly detect signs of emerging faults and take measures to eliminate them, without leading to premature major repairs.

Video on the topic: Test drive and review of the Belarus MTZ-82 tractor

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Diagnosis and Troubleshooting

Let's look at the most common problems in the operation of the MTZ "Belarus" checkpoint and how to eliminate them.

If an axial gap is detected, the box is disconnected from the rear axle of the tractor, the secondary shaft bearing cup is pressed out, the speed is turned off, and the level of tightening of the assembly unit is checked. The check is carried out using a torque wrench.