Tractor Vladimirets T-28: 28x4m, technical characteristics, reviews, price, modifications, analogues

Tractor T-28

The T-28 was developed at the Vladimir Tractor Plant. During its design, the experience of previously produced small tractors was taken into account.

T-28 is designed for cultivating land and crops. It is most often used in small farmlands, greenhouses and gardens. This machine belongs to the 0.6 traction class and is capable of transporting cargo weighing up to half a ton.

What jobs was the machine used for?

The characteristics of the tractor did not allow the unit to be used for plowing, harrowing heavy, virgin soils, or cultivating large areas of land. T 28 was effectively used in small developed fields, gardens, park areas for soil preparation, planting crops, caring for them, protecting plants from pests and diseases, harvesting and transporting crops. Three-wheeled modifications of the machine successfully fit into the technology of cotton cultivation. A semi-mounted trailer provides transportation of small loads.

Be sure to read: Steering dispenser MTZ-82

Model range overview

The Vladimirets-28 tractor was in great demand among consumers. Therefore, over time, it was necessary to modernize this machine in accordance with the development of technology.

In 1956, VTZ began joint work with the Tashkent Tractor Plant on the design and production of the T-28X. His ground clearance was increased. Thanks to this, the cross-country ability and possibilities for processing sprouted crops have increased. The last T-28X rolled off the production line in 1970. Then, production of more powerful models T-28X4 (50 horsepower) and T-28X2 (40 horsepower) began.

At this time, the Vladimir Tractor Plant produced several more modifications of the T-28:

T-28A - it had front-wheel drive and the track size was not adjustable;
T-28P - this model had increased cross-country ability due to the installation of a 4x4 drive;
T-28X2, T-28P2 and T-28M2 had an engine with a power of 37 hp.

Specifications

The overall dimensions of the T-28 are 4075x2100x2920. The ground clearance is 82.5 cm. This tractor weighs 2.5 tons.

Engine

The first T-28 tractor was equipped with a four-stroke diesel engine with 26 horsepower. The motor was produced directly at VTZ, which significantly reduced the total cost of the car.

The motor is air-cooled, has an improved lubrication system and an hour meter. The average fuel consumption of the T-28 tractor is 205 g/hp. at one o'clock.

Transmission

The T-28 tractor has a manual gearbox with 6 forward and two reverse gears. The speed range is from 0.45 to 25.1 km/h.

Chassis and transmission

The chassis of the T-28 tractor does not have springs. To increase the service life of the tractor, this unit was further strengthened. This tractor has rear-wheel drive. The scope of application has increased significantly due to the possibility of adjusting the track width and ride height at the front.

Cabin and controls

There is no cabin in the standard configuration of the T-28 tractor. This is the main disadvantage. In this model, the entire emphasis was placed on simplicity of design. All controls are located near the steering wheel and operator's chair.

T-28 design

The engine is installed in the front part of the tractor on a semi-frame, which is rigidly connected to the gearbox housing. The driving rear wheels of large diameter are rigidly fixed to the frame.

When processing row spacing, the T-28 was equipped with rear wheels of reduced diameter, installed closer to each other. To use the tractor on slopes and moist soils, the track was increased, ensuring stability and stable operation. Wheels of a smaller diameter were installed at the front to better regulate ground clearance.

User manual

Maintenance

The T-28 tractor is easy to maintain on a daily and periodic basis. Before each departure, you should check and, if necessary, add fuel, coolant and oil, check the functionality of the brake and steering systems, and the battery charge.

Recommended oils:

The engine oil should be changed after 250 hours of operation. In summer it is recommended to use M-10G2k, in winter M-10DM.
The gear oil must be changed after 500 operating hours. Tap-15V oil is intended for this unit.

Basic malfunctions and ways to eliminate them

The T-28 tractor is distinguished by its simplicity of design and ease of repair work.

If the engine does not start:

Check the availability of fuel and oil with the relevant authorities;
Make sure the ignition system is working properly and the spark plugs are in working condition;
Check the fuel system;
Clean the air and fuel filters; many owners note that they often become clogged.

The T-28 cannot be called too comfortable due to the fact that it does not have a cabin, a roll bar and the operator’s seat is located directly above the drive wheels. However, if there is strong vibration, then this is a sign that something is wrong:

Bolted connections have become loose;
Attachments are not connected correctly;
The lubricant has run out.

History of appearance

The T-28 tractor is a model of a wheeled tractor produced by a tractor plant in Vladimir (Russia). Official production dates of the model: 1958-1964. The predecessor of the model was the DT-24. Thanks to its unique design, the unit was extremely popular in its traction class and was used everywhere in private and state farms, rural and agricultural enterprises.

The T-28 tractor is equipped with adjustable ground clearance, and the track is also adjustable. The model is rear-wheel drive, the rear wheels can be replaced with others of a smaller size. This feature allows the machine to be used for inter-row work. The layout of the machine is semi-frame, with a diesel engine located on the semi-frame.

Story

The T-28 tractor, also called “Vladimirovets-28,” was produced at the facilities of the Vladimir Tractor Plant from 1958 to 1964. The basis for creating a new wheeled vehicle for agricultural needs was the DT-24 tractor. In just 6 years, the manufacturer assembled and released more than 80,000 cars from the assembly line.

Compared to its predecessor, the T-28 received a more advanced design. So, the engine of the car was now installed on a half-frame, which was connected to the gearbox housing by a rigid coupling. The equipment itself received a semi-frame layout and a rear drive axle. The front axle was equipped with smaller tires and was steering.

At the time of its release, the T-28 became the leading tractor among its contemporaries. An innovative solution of Soviet engineers was the use of adjustable ground clearance and rear wheel track. In addition, it was possible to increase the reverse track on a steep slope by installing the tires with the inside out. This not only made it possible to carry out work, but also increased the maneuverability and stability of the vehicle.

The entire design of the tractor was adjustable within the limits required by the user. This can serve as one example of the developer's concern for the needs of users of agricultural machines. The adjustable track was very useful in inter-row cultivation.

Purpose of the T-28 tractor

The tractor is designed to work on any surface, including slopes, since the rear wheels can be installed on the reverse side. This will reduce the instability of the machine when moving and give the operator the ability to adjust the position of the machine.

The T-28 tractor is used for the following types of work:

row-spacing treatment;
plowing;
mowing grass;
transport work for the transportation of goods, crops;
soil cultivation in gardens, greenhouses, personal plots;
collection of hay, transportation to storage;
spraying fertilizers;
sowing work;
cultivation;
harrowing.

Features of the T-28 tractor model:

high cross-country ability on the ground and rough areas;
the specific pressure on the soil is reduced;
easy access to key control units, therefore, the ability to carry out repairs yourself;
reliability, low percentage of breakdowns.

Tractor T-28. Overview, characteristics, application and operation features

The T-28 tractor is a model of a wheeled tractor produced by a tractor plant in Vladimir (Russia). Official production dates of the model: 1958-1964.

The predecessor of the model was the DT-24.

Thanks to its unique design, the unit was extremely popular in its traction class and was used everywhere in private and state farms, rural and agricultural enterprises.

Purpose of the T-28 tractor

The T-28 tractor is used for the following types of work:

row-spacing treatment;
plowing;
mowing grass;
transport work for the transportation of goods, crops;
soil cultivation in gardens, greenhouses, personal plots;
collection of hay, transportation to storage;
spraying fertilizers;
sowing work;
cultivation;
harrowing.

Features of the T-28 tractor model:

high cross-country ability on the ground and rough areas;
the specific pressure on the soil is reduced;
easy access to key control units, therefore, the ability to carry out repairs yourself;
reliability, low percentage of breakdowns.

The lineup

In addition to the main model produced in Vladimir, the following modifications of the T-28 were also produced:

T-28X (together with the plant in Tashkent) - increased ground clearance;
T28X2 - increased engine power, 40 hp;
T28X4 - engine power 50 hp. (T28X2, X4 and X were produced by the plant in Tashkent from 1970 to 1995).
T-28A - front-wheel drive, constant track of guide wheels;
T-28P - row crop tractor, all-wheel drive;
T-28M2, P2 - D37V engine (instead of the previously installed D-30). T-28M, M2, P, P2 - were additionally equipped with a mechanical type additional loader for the rear wheels.

Overall dimensions and weight of the T-28 tractor

Contemporaries love the T-28 not only for its functionality, but also for its fairly compact size.

The weight of the tractor is only 2500 kg, and the dimensions of the DShV are as follows: 4.07 x 2.1 x 2.92 m.
Ground clearance is 82.5 cm.
Available speeds: from 0.45 km/h to 25 km/h.
The track is adjustable in the range from 1800 to 2400 mm.

Engine brand, its parameters

The flagship T-28 model is equipped with a two-cylinder, four-stroke engine running on diesel fuel.

Engine brand D-28.
Cooling type: air.
The rated power of the tractor engine is 28 hp/20.6 kW.
RPM 2000.
The diesel engine is started by a gasoline PD8.

Engine features: small magneto size, lighter carburetor. There is a lubrication system for the engine hour sensor.

Also, as a result of modernization, the volume of the starting engine tank was increased, and the engine itself began to be located at a greater distance from the tank.

Tractor gearbox t-28

Multi-stage gearbox - 6 forward gears, 2 reverse. The speed range allowed the machine to easily maneuver even on a small area of soil.

Cabin structure

Cabin T-28: all-metal, designed for one person. The operator's seat is soft. The integrity of the cabin is ensured by a rigid frame. The driver's workplace is comfortable; informative sensors are located on the front panel under the steering wheel. The control mechanism is steering, there are gear shift levers.

Tractor control T-28

All operation of the mechanisms is controlled by drivers using the dashboard and corresponding panels. Among the advantages of the T28 control, one can highlight the angle of rotation of the guide wheels. Even when driving on soft or wet soil, the tractor did not bog down.

With this machine you can easily drive off-road.

The lineup

In addition to the main model produced in Vladimir, the following modifications of the T-28 were also produced:

T-28X (together with the plant in Tashkent) - increased ground clearance;
T28X2 - increased engine power, 40 hp;
T28X4 - engine power 50 hp. (T28X2, X4 and X were produced by the plant in Tashkent from 1970 to 1995).
T-28A - front-wheel drive, constant track of guide wheels;
T-28P - row crop tractor, all-wheel drive;
T-28M2, P2 - D37V engine (instead of the previously installed D-30). T-28M, M2, P, P2 - were additionally equipped with a mechanical type additional loader for the rear wheels.

Main modifications

The T-28 tractor, produced at the Vladimir Tractor Plant, became widely known after the launch of production. Such an excellent machine has received a huge number of modifications that meet the needs of a wide variety of branches of agriculture. Representatives of the model range were produced not only in Vladimir, but also in the city of Tashkent, on whose territory there was also a famous tractor manufacturing plant.

T-28X, the first-born of the Tashkent Tractor Plant, differed from its predecessor in its increased level of ground clearance.
T-28X2 – modification of increased power. The diesel unit of this model had a large number of “horses” under the hood (40).
T-28X4 - another “POWER” modification, the number of horsepower increased to 50. Produced by the Tashkent plant from 1970 to 1995.
T-28A - the model received front-wheel drive and a constant track guide wheel axle.
T-28P - the tractor received all-wheel drive, necessary for arable work.

Specifications

The T-28 model and its modifications have long been discontinued, which is why it is currently possible to buy similar equipment for relatively little money. The cost of a tractor in good condition ranges from 100 to 150 thousand rubles (30-60 thousand UAH). There is also a great demand for spare parts for the T-28. The vehicle has high maneuverability and average weight. There is a drive axle locking mechanism.

The tractor can successfully operate in greenhouse complexes, livestock farms, and processing plants. Newer versions, starting around the 80s, are equipped with a new transmission design, for example, it has a freewheel, as well as other technical features.

Overall dimensions and weight of the T-28 tractor

Contemporaries love the T-28 not only for its functionality, but also for its fairly compact size.

The weight of the tractor is only 2500 kg, and the dimensions of the DShV are as follows: 4.07 x 2.1 x 2.92 m.
Ground clearance is 82.5 cm.
Available speeds: from 0.45 km/h to 25 km/h.
The track is adjustable in the range from 1800 to 2400 mm.

Engine brand, its parameters

The flagship T-28 model is equipped with a two-cylinder, four-stroke engine running on diesel fuel.

Engine brand D-28.
Cooling type: air.
The rated power of the tractor engine is 28 hp/20.6 kW.
RPM 2000.
The diesel engine is started by a gasoline PD8.

Engine features: small magneto size, lighter carburetor. There is a lubrication system for the engine hour sensor.

Also, as a result of modernization, the volume of the starting engine tank was increased, and the engine itself began to be located at a greater distance from the tank.

Tractor gearbox T-28

Multi-stage gearbox - 6 forward gears, 2 reverse. The speed range allowed the machine to easily maneuver even on a small area of soil.

Cabin structure

Tractor control T-28

The T-28 was controlled using a steering mechanism - a steering column plus a driveshaft. Control was carried out by the operator from a seat, activating the gearshift levers, brakes, and clutch pedals. There are also rear PTO levers and a fuel lever. All operation of the mechanisms is controlled by drivers using the dashboard and corresponding panels. Among the advantages of the T28 control, one can highlight the angle of rotation of the guide wheels. Even when driving on soft or wet soil, the tractor did not bog down. With this machine you can easily drive off-road.

Device

Cabin

As mentioned above, the initial configuration of this model tractor did not include a driver’s cab. All the main control components of the car were placed in the space in front of the driver's seat. After structural modifications, the agricultural unit still received an all-metal cabin, which, although not distinguished by the presence of amenities for the driver, met all requirements and safety standards. The cabin was designed for one operator; its individual parts were fastened together with rigid metal bridges, which suggests strength. The lack of comfort is pronounced by the standards of our time - for the years of active production of the car, everything looked quite good. Adjustable seat, front panel with panels displaying information about all functional states of the unit. In addition to the instrument panel, the cockpit contained a steering column, as well as gearshift levers.

Control

As mentioned earlier, control was carried out using a steering mechanism, which consisted of a steering column and a cardan transmission. From his seat, the operator activated the gearshift levers and could also use the driver’s standard set of brakes and clutch. The operation of all important components and mechanisms is controlled by the operator using the dashboard. One of the main functional advantages that allows the tractor not to slip even on moist soil is the presence of a mechanism for changing the angle of rotation of the guide wheel axle.

Attachments

“Vladimirets” was equipped with a hydraulic system that allows it to work with mounted, semi-mounted and trailed equipment. In addition, the tractor had a power take-off shaft - a mechanism that allows the rotational force of the engine to be transmitted to attachments. Nowadays, such a set is supplied with every tractor, but in the last century such technical characteristics made an indelible impression. On top of that, the Vladimir Tractor Plant was concerned with creating a large number of attachments that could satisfy any agricultural needs. Among the options available for use were:

Tooth harrow.
Disc harrow.
Rake.
Oval shovel.
Plow.
Milling cutter.
Trailer.
Peeler.

Figure 5. “Vladimirets” with attachments.

Attachments

The hydraulic system and PTO make the T-28 tractor a universal machine. With a wide range of attachments, the tractor can make the work of farmers on large and small farms easier.

The following attachments may be used in combination with a tractor:

equipment for planting potatoes;
root diggers;
milling equipment;
harrow;
mowers of various types;
seeders;
carts and trailers;
multi-furrow plows;
irrigators;
sprinklers;
fertilizer sprinklers;
hay tedders;
pitchfork;
cargo platform (maximum cargo weight for a cargo dump platform is 2000 kg).

The photo shows a T-28 plowing a vegetable garden - a homemade plow is used for plowing

Rules of operation and maintenance

Operation of the T-28 must be carried out according to the following rules:

like all wheeled tractors, the T-28 requires monitoring tire pressure;
driving is permitted only with the cab door closed;
use attachments only after making sure that all fastenings are secured correctly;
before turning on the machine, check the fuel level;
control the oil level;
use only recommended fuel, do not fill with poor quality fuel;
Clean fuel filters on time.

Tractor maintenance is carried out according to the user manual, namely:

since there are no new T-28 models, running-in and running-in of key engine parts is not necessary;
before each start of seasonal operation (if the tractor was idle), update the fuel and oil;
never leave the tractor for storage with liquids - drain the oil and fuel;
do not store equipment in damp conditions - it is recommended to cover the tractor with a tarpaulin and monitor the positive temperature in the room where it is located;
before starting the engine, check the presence of gasoline in the starting engine;
Once a season (spring-summer/autumn-winter) carry out a complete preventive maintenance of all moving parts, fasteners, gearbox, carburetor, if necessary, repair or replace worn parts.

For new models, running-in is required to increase the life of the tractor so that all parts get used and fit into the grooves. This procedure takes about 6-8 hours, during which the tractor is operated at 50% of its power. Upon completion of the procedure, it is necessary to change the engine oil.

For used tractors, running-in is not necessary.

At the end of the operating season, the tractor must be mothballed. It must be cleaned, placed in a dry place, the oil drained, the spark plug wires disconnected and the parts lubricated to prevent corrosion from forming.

Owner reviews

Stepan, Tomsk:

I got the tractor along with the plot from my grandfather. In its non-working form, the car sat in a garage for about six years; no one needed this tractor; relatives wanted to scrap it. Repairs had to be done, of course. I overhauled the piston group, repaired the cabin myself, strengthened and welded it, and replaced rusted areas. As a result, I got a car with excellent engine traction and average fuel consumption. I don’t have any attachments for it, I’m only renting a trailer, I want to make or buy a plow (for now I need to calculate which will cost less). The tractor is good! I recommend

Price and owner reviews

On the secondary market, the cost of domestic T-28 models varies widely. You can buy a tractor in satisfactory condition for 100-150 thousand rubles, with major repairs, as well as with technological equipment - for 200-350 thousand rubles.

The equipment easily performs the assigned tasks and is in great demand among farmers. This can be judged by numerous reviews from unit owners.

Ruslan, 47 years old, Nizhny Novgorod

I have been using Vladimirets for about 20 years. I use it with full dedication. The tractor is Soviet and works well. I repaired it myself several times. Spare parts are always available for sale and the cost is low. There are no problems with starting the engine, because I store the equipment in an insulated garage. Works on any fuel.

Nikolay, 35 years old, Smolensk region

I bought a T-28 tractor from a neighbor in non-working condition at a low price. I went through the piston group, replaced the pins and compression rings, welded and painted the cabin, installed windows, replaced the engine. The work was not in vain. The car works great, fuel consumption is low, oil does not leak. An excellent assistant on the farm: cultivating the garden, transporting cargo on a trailer. One drawback is that it shakes a little when driving.

Gearbox of the T-28 tractor

In the gearbox of the T-28 Vladimirets tractor, the carriage 15 (Fig. 183) of the gearbox gears was moved from the intermediate shaft 10 to the input shaft 14. This made it possible, without increasing the number of gearbox gears, to obtain an additional increased transport speed of 25.1 km/h (for a four-wheel tractor T-28), as well as an additional reduced speed of 2.29 km/h when a creeper is installed on the tractor.

Rice. 183. Gearbox of tractors T-28 and T-28B Vladimirets (section-development): a—gearbox of tractor T-28; b—gearbox of the T-28B tractor: 1—tubular shaft with the drive gear of the independent PTO drive; 2—cup of the front bearing of the input shaft; 3—adjusting shims; 4—gear of the 1st and 2nd gears of the intermediate shaft; 5—carriage with gears of 1st and 2nd gears and reverse gear of the secondary shaft; b—spacer sleeve; 7—gear III and IV gears of the intermediate shaft; 8—gear III and IV gears of the secondary shaft carriage; 9—gear V and VI gears of the secondary shaft carriage; 10—intermediate shaft; 11—secondary shaft; 12—1st stage gear of the intermediate shaft reducer; 13—second stage gear of the intermediate shaft reducer; 14—primary shaft; 15—second stage gear of the primary shaft reducer carriage; 16—1st stage gear of the primary shaft reducer carriage; 17—transmission housing; 18—lower shaft; 19—speed reducer drive gear; 20—speed reducer gear; 21—reverse gear; 22—front ball bearing of the input shaft; 23—PTO driven gear; 24—drive gear of the dependent PTO drive; 26—rear ball bearing of the tubular shaft.

For a three-wheeled tractor T-28B, this speed is too high and can lead to the tractor overturning. To reduce it, the gearbox carriage 15 is rotated 180° compared to the location of this carriage on the T-28 tractor. This allowed the top speed to be reduced to 17.29 km/h. Due to the change in the position of the carriage 15, the gear 9 of the secondary shaft carriage has a different number of teeth for each of the tractor models. All other gears of the gearbox are the same for all models.

The new gearbox, along with an increase in the number of gears, made it possible to expand the range of tractor speeds. On the modernized T-28 tractor it is 3.63 - 8.68 km/h instead of 4.7 - 7.32 km/h for the DT-24, and the interval of reduced speeds has become 0.45 - 2.29 km/h hour instead of 0.58 - 0.78 km/h.

Instead of two low (transplanting) gears, there are three. Otherwise, the kinematic diagram of the gearbox remains unchanged. The new gearbox has increased the hardness of the spline joints and increased the rigidity of the input shaft by increasing its diameter and reducing the distance between the supports. The gearbox gears of the T-28 and T-28B tractors are not interchangeable with the gears of the DT-24 tractor, despite the fact that the dimensions of the transmission housing and the distance between the centers of the shafts remained unchanged. In the gearbox, the shape and dimensions of the shift forks and individual parts of the gearbox (spacer bushings, input shaft bearing housing and some others) have been changed. In the new box, the connection between the gearbox shift rod and the gearbox gear carriage is carried out through a swing arm, similar to the drive of the driven gear of the power take-off shaft.

The gearbox fork of the gearbox is placed on the fork of the gearbox forks of the lower shaft of the gearbox.

The principle of operation of the power take-off shaft with dependent and independent drive is the same as that of the DT-24 tractor. The installation of the creeper gears has been preserved.

Main parts and components

The skeleton of the machine is a half-frame rigidly connected to the transmission housings. Power plant. Diesel engine D-28 for 4 working strokes with 2 cylinders and a liquid heat removal system. A reliable, repairable unit that is not demanding on fuel quality.

Power transmission

The clutch is in a single-plate design and is controlled by a pedal pull. Rotation is transmitted to the gearbox input shaft by a torsion bar shaft.
Mechanical gearbox with 6 main modes and 3 additional modes for forward movement and 2 for reverse. Controlled by 2 levers.
Freewheels provide gear reduction when wheels slip.
Blocking the planetary gearbox of the rear axle increases the vehicle's maneuverability.
Reduction gearboxes of the drive wheels have reduced the load on the transmission and increased its durability.
The front wheels of model 28A are driven by a chain from the secondary shaft of the gearbox.

Control acting on the front wheels through the steering shaft, cardan-worm mechanism, and rod system. Working equipment. Compiled from:

hydraulic systems in separate-modular design;
canopy and tow hitch units;
PTO and drive pulley.

Museum exhibit - “Vladimirets” T-28

Cabin

It was not included in the first modifications. Later - frame type, not sealed.

Modifications and analogues of T-28

28X - a three-wheeled model for cultivating cotton plantings, the T 28X4M tractor was equipped with a 50 hp D-144 engine with an air cooling circuit. With.
28A machine with drive on both axles.
28 P unit for arable work with an additional loader on the rear wheels.
28 M - D-30 engine, additional loader.

Technical characteristics and advantages of the Vladimirets T-28 tractor

During 1958-64, the Vladimir Tractor Plant (VTZ) produced the T-28, a tractor designed for agricultural universal row-crop work of varying degrees of complexity. The wheeled machine is still actively used in private and collective farms for inter-row cultivation of tall crops, plowing loose soil in fields, and transporting light-tonnage cargo.

The model was developed on the basis of the Soviet tractor DT-24 in order to improve its technical and economic indicators: increasing power, increasing engine efficiency, reducing metal consumption, facilitating management and maintenance processes.