Technical characteristics of MTZ-80: weight, dimensions, device

The products of Belarusian manufacturers have been in demand for decades in the Soviet Union, the post-Soviet space and non-CIS countries. A special place in this series is occupied by the Belarus MTZ-80 tractor, which has become the pride of Minsk manufacturers. The main criteria for popularity are versatility, ease of use and maintainability. All this characterizes the technology as very reliable.

Modifications of the MTZ-80 tractor

Tractor MTZ-80: history

The MTZ-80 tractor became the product of a deep modernization of the MTZ-50 and MTZ-52 machines. The first prototype was created in 1970. Conveyor production began in 1974 at the Minsk Tractor Plant. The production of tractors was established by a decree of the USSR Council of Ministers. From this we can conclude that the MTZ-80 was a strategically important machine for Soviet agriculture.

The council decided in favor of creating a new 1.4 traction class tractor with a power of 75-80 hp. To speed up the creation of a new machine, it was decided to modernize the existing MTZ-50 and MTZ-52. The resulting MTZ-80 is 70% unified with its predecessors. This approach also made it possible to reduce the cost of re-equipping the factories that produced the modification.

The design of the machine has undergone significant changes. Moreover, they affected both the internal structure and the appearance. Design changes were made mainly to the engine. It has become more powerful and more productive. The appearance of the tractor was complemented by a new cabin and trim.

The traditional semi-frame layout has been retained. The engine is still located in the front. The MTZ-80 was equipped with new rear wheels of increased diameter and front wheels of reduced diameter. Tests of the new car were completed in 1972 with complete success. At the end of the event, aggregated tools and devices were identified, the number of which exceeded 200 modifications. Today, the MTZ-80 “Belarus” remains one of the most versatile general-purpose tractors.

The increased speed made it possible to use the equipment for transporting goods and towing on the rear hitch. A year after mastering production in 1974, production of the MTZ-80 on caterpillar tracks was launched.

History of the brand

At one time, the Soviet Union helped third world countries, the so-called developing countries. Special equipment from Minsk manufacturers was supplied as assistance. Many states began to use it as a symbol of their state. Until now, on some banknotes of Asian and African countries you can see the image of Minsk technology. Some socialist countries even used the image on the official coat of arms of their state.

I.V. Stalin is considered the father of the Minsk tractor. In 1946, less than a year after the end of World War II, he signed a decree on the construction of a tractor plant in Minsk. In 1948, the first MTZ-80 tractor, technical specifications, rolled off the assembly line, which was presented as a tracked vehicle with a power of 37 hp. In the same year, 50 units were produced.

It will take several more years for the country to see the first prototype of the MTZ-80 tractor engine. In 1953, the MTZ-1 and MTZ-2, created on its basis, were presented to the public. It is these models that will make a powerful leap in mechanical engineering and lay the foundation for new special equipment to which we are all accustomed.

Almost another 20 years will pass and the family of Minsk machines, having passed all the tests and research, will be replenished in 1972 with a new small-sized model of the Belarus MTZ-80 tractor. An improved type of special equipment will appear, which has been preserved without much change to this day.

Important technical parameters of the machine differed from its predecessors. The equipment was equipped with a diesel unit designed for 80 hp. The number of attachments has increased. Transport speed was about 25 km/h. Now the machine has changed, and the steering device of the MTZ-80 tractor has received a new marking MTZ80.1.

Description of the Belarus model

Simplicity, reliability - the basic qualities necessary for equipment for any purpose are perfectly embodied in the Belarus MTZ-80 tractor. The machine is designed in a characteristic semi-frame design system - a front-mounted engine, driving rear wheels of a larger diameter than the front ones.

MTZ-80.1

Advantages and disadvantages

Wheeled tractors 80 have advantages that are distinctive from other models:

• high reliability;
• workmanship;
• high power;
• high performance;
• long service life;
• simple maintenance;
• availability of spare parts and components;
• low price.

Among the disadvantages, equipment owners identify the following:

• small cabin;
• lack of operator comfort and convenience during operation.

Review of the universal tractor MTZ-80

In 1974, the Minsk Tractor Plant began serial production of a universal wheeled tractor under the designation Belarus 80 MTZ.

The design turned out to be so successful that the MTZ 80 tractor, after going through several modifications, is still in production today.

The features of the model that ensured such a long and massive production period include:

• front-engine layout;
• semi-frame structure;
• high-quality transmission circuit,
• hydraulic system design;
• economical fuel consumption;
• overall reliability.

In accordance with the high technical and economic characteristics of the tractor, the production of a large number of specialized equipment was launched.

The most interesting modifications, according to the factory catalog, include:

• 80.1 – version with a multifunctional extended cabin;
• 82 – all-wheel drive version;
• 80 MK – tractor for housing and communal services;
• 80 X – three-wheeled version with one front wheel for cotton fields;
• 80 L – for agricultural work in mountainous conditions;
• T 80U is a skidding option for the forestry industry.

Modification of special equipment MTZ-80

Over the years of production of special equipment by the Minsk manufacturer, a huge number of MTZ-80 models rolled off the assembly line, which had the following bit modification:

• MTZ-80 series. Standard base model, small cab format, and integrated rear-wheel drive.
• MTZ-80.1 series. The model had improved rear-wheel drive characteristics, as well as increased cabin dimensions.
• Model range MTZ-82 or 82.1. A complete all-wheel drive series, where a small and large operator cabin were provided.
• Category MTZ-80Х or 80ХМ. A modernized three-wheeled model of the car. Used for cotton cultivation. Increased ground clearance up to 650 mm. Power 100 hp Engine D-240T.
• Type MTZ-80L. The letter L indicates the use of the machine in forestry, as skidding equipment and in fire-fighting work. In the technical part, the D-243L series engine is used, with power parameters of 60 horsepower. The body is moved forward.
• Model MTZ-82K. Only all-wheel drive is used. A hydraulic leveling structure and stabilizing characteristics of the main frame of special equipment have been introduced. Powerful hydraulic cylinders were added to the complex system for the general transport linkage, which ensures uninterrupted operation of the equipment with attachments. The machine worked stably at a slope of up to 20 degrees.

What does the power of a tractor depend on?

When the machine moves, an inertial force arises, which consumes part of the rated power of the tractor. To make this distribution more effective, a method of smoothly engaging the clutch is used. An advantage of the MTZ-80 series tractors is the presence of an independent PTO, which communicates the required rotation speed to the working mechanisms at rest. This allows you not to waste energy on overcoming the inertial force when starting off.

The loss of tractor power depends on its internal design: the number of gears in mesh, the number of shafts, the design of bearings, and the lubricants used. This parameter is measured by the efficiency of the power transmission: the calculation is carried out by the ratio of the total power of the drive wheels and PTO to the power of the motor. It is possible to reduce losses in the power transmission by adjusting the mating of parts and thoroughly lubrication of the main components.

Loss of power can occur not only due to overcoming inertial forces, but also due to slipping of the clutch. This condition requires timely adjustment of the part. Also, the vehicle’s power for self-propulsion may decrease due to an increase in mass, speed, and the characteristics of the road surface. In this case, the power remaining to drive the working parts also changes.

Tractor MTZ-80: technical characteristics

MTZ-80 tractors are available in several modifications, varying in stability characteristics on steep slopes, type of pneumatic tires, gearbox ratios and other details. According to statistics, MTZ-80 are, along with the T-40 tractors and the DT-75 bulldozer, the most popular machines in the post-Soviet space.

MTZ-80 tractor engine

In the new development of the Minsk Tractor Plant, they took the issue of engine replacement seriously. The MTZ-80 received a factory-produced D-240 power unit that was fundamentally different from its predecessors. This is a four-stroke four-cylinder diesel engine of type 4Х11/12.5. Features of the unit include a semi-separated combustion chamber in the piston.

The D-240 is cooled by a liquid system and in some tractor models is supplemented with a PZHB-200B pre-heater. In the original version, the engine produced 75 hp/55.16 kW of power. In the modified version, the engine received 80 hp/59.25 kW. The working volume of four cylinders is 4.75 liters.

The power unit is started by an electric starter or a PD-10 starting motor with an operating power of 10 hp. Starting is carried out when the start is blocked or the gear is engaged. The power supply system of the MTZ-80 tractor is represented by a complex of a fuel tank, fine and coarse fuel filters, high and low pressure fuel supply pumps. The system is complemented by low and high pressure fuel lines, as well as nozzles for the air supply and purification system.

The rated engine crankshaft speed reaches 2200 rpm. The diameter of the D-240 cylinder is 110 mm, the piston stroke is 125 mm. At maximum power, the power unit consumes 242 g/kWh of fuel. The engine is supplied with a 130-liter fuel tank. To ensure the functionality of the tractor, the manufacturer has provided a torque reserve of 15%.

Transmission

The MTZ-80 tractor gearbox is available only in a mechanical version. The gearbox is nine-speed, dual-range, equipped with a reduction gearbox. As a result, the tractor can move at 18 forward speeds and four reverse speeds. The MTZ-80 tractor clutch operates on a single-disc dry clutch of a permanently closed type.

It is possible to install a creeper as an option. Some cars that came off the assembly line after 1985 are equipped with a hydraulically controlled gearbox with a power shift function. A special feature of this box is the ability to select any of the four gears in each of the four ranges without actively using the clutch.

MTZ-80 is a rear-wheel drive modification. The building bridge is equipped with an anti-lock differential with a shut-off function. Old-style tractors are controlled using a mechanical foot pedal. Later versions received hydraulic locking control. The mode switch is located on the dashboard. The speed range of the MTZ-80 with a nine-speed gearbox is 1.89-33.4 km/h.

Brake system of the MTZ-80 tractor

MTZ-80 brake control is a complex system consisting of:

• working;
• auxiliary;
• parking;
• spare brake systems.

The worker is responsible for slowing down and stopping the machine completely. Parking - guarantees stability on slopes. Long-term maintenance of speed on a slope is carried out using an auxiliary braking system. The spare is provided for use in case of malfunctions in the service brake system. MTZ-80 is equipped with brake control with a mechanical drive and a pneumatic brake of the towbar.

Front axle

The front drive axle of the tractor 80 is the supporting part of the front of the unit and transmits torque.

The bridge structure consists of the following elements:

• front beam;
• main gear;
• differential;
• wheel reducers.

The front axle is made of a portal-universal type, which helps to increase such parameters as:

• road and agricultural clearance;
• turning radius;
• gauge control limits.

Rear axle

The rear axle of unit 80 is designed to transmit torque from the longitudinal secondary shaft of the gearbox through the main gear and differential to the final drives and axle shafts.

The mechanism connects the rear wheels to each other. The bridge structure includes:

• final drive;
• differential;
• main gear.

The rear axle serves as a support and is mounted using a suspension to the frame or body.

Brakes

The brake system in MTZ is provided in the following types:

• parking;
• working;
• auxiliary;
• spare.

The service brake is necessary to reduce the speed limit until it comes to a complete stop.

The parking brake is designed to keep the vehicle stationary; auxiliary - for constant speed when driving on a slope; spare - in case of malfunctions of the main ones.

A universal pneumatic system requires constant monitoring and periodic adjustment of the brakes.

MTZ 1402

The machine is an industrial tracked model of a tractor and has not yet received mass production. Like the MTZ 1502, the tractor is designed for moving category I and II soils, for digging and filling trenches, constructing embankments, moving crushed stone and other bulk materials in road, industrial and housing construction in a unit with a direct blade with a hydraulic tilt and ripper, as well as for performing transport work on wet soils.

The design of the tractor and the design of all systems are absolutely the same as the MTZ 1502 with the exception of the power unit. The tractor is equipped with a six-cylinder, turbocharged diesel engine D-260.2S3A with intermediate cooling of the incoming air. Diesel power 100 kW (136 hp). The range of forward speed switching is from 2.2 km/h to 14.9 km/h, back from 3.1 to 7.1 km/h.

Device

The frame of the tractor is a semi-frame structure with supporting housings for transmission elements. The machine layout is classic, with different-sized pneumatic wheels on the rear drive axle and a front guide.

Rice. 1.1 Layout of units on MTZ-80 tractors: a—right view; b - left view; c — right view;

1. water radiator;
2. oil radiator;
3. power steering;
4. water pump;
5. oil pump;
6. generator;
7. centrifugal oil purifier;
8. clutch and reduction gear housing;
9. PTO;
10. pneumatic adapter;
11. rear linkage hydraulic cylinder;
12. air purifier;
13. cylinder head;
14. compressor;
15. fuel pump;
16. diesel (MTZ-80L, MTZ-82L);
17. starting motor;
18. rear linkage;
19. Transmission;
20. starting motor gearbox;
21. front drive axle;
22. cardan shaft;
23. intermediate support for the cardan shaft;
24. transfer case.

Power point

Four-cylinder in-line diesel engine D-243 with a power of 81 hp. With. and volume 4.75 l. In nominal mode, the unit consumed 162 g/l. With. hour of fuel. A torque of 290 Nm provided sufficient traction and good cross-country ability of the vehicle. The launch was carried out using a starting carburetor engine or an electric starter. In conditions of negative temperatures during startup, an electric torch system was used.

Transmission units

They provide a choice of parameters for transmitting energy from the engine to the rear axle and drive units of trailed and mounted equipment. Power drive Transmission of rotation to the PTO is carried out:

• synchronous type drive - the rotation rate is determined by the speed of movement of the machine 3.5 revolutions per meter of travel, connected to the second stage of the gearbox;
• two-speed independent drive – 540/1000 rpm. Energy is removed from the engine flywheel and the tractor clutch is not engaged.

Clutch assembly

Dry type product in single disc design. The friction clutch is permanently closed. The clutch drive is mechanical from a pedal in the cabin.

Hydraulics

The MTZ-80 tractor is equipped with a separate-aggregate hydraulic system. The main unit is the NSh-32 gear pump, powered by an engine drive. The hydraulic system kit includes a three-section hydraulic distributor with a spool-valve device and a hydraulic cylinder for controlling attachments.

The machine is equipped with a rear power take-off shaft of an independent or synchronous type. PTO rotation speed - 540 rpm. Synchronous - 1010 rpm. The pump creates a maximum pressure in the hydraulic system - 16 MPa, the productivity of the unit is 45 MPa.

Chassis

The MTZ-80 tractor is equipped with rear wheel drive. The rear axle is mounted on a rigid suspension. The front axle is semi-rigid with a balancing axle. The design of the rear wheels allows for stepless wheel track adjustment. This was achieved thanks to terminal connections. The front wheel track is assembled differently and is adjustable in steps of 100 mm. Disc type brake mechanism. The front axle is steering. To facilitate turning, a hydraulic steering drive is used.

dimensions

• length - 3840 mm;
• width - 1970 mm;
• height - 2780 mm;
• longitudinal base - 2370 mm;
• the front wheel track is stepped every 100 mm - within 1350-1800 mm;
• the rear wheel track is continuously adjustable within the range of 1400-2100 mm;
• minimum turning radius - 3800 mm;
• ground clearance - 465 mm;
• ground clearance for vehicles with wheel gears - 650 mm;
• structural weight - 3520 kg;
• factory weight - 3620 kg;
• total curb weight - 6300 kg

Characteristics

The MTZ-80 has similar technical characteristics to the Soviet MTZ-50 tractor, as it is the result of its serious modernization. The main differences include a large cabin, fundamentally redesigned taking into account modern standards of sound and heat insulation (especially on MTZ-80 Belarus models), a modern engine that reaches speeds of up to 33.2 km/h, and a redesigned transmission. We must not forget that tractors of recent years of production are equipped with a functional hydraulic system.

Large cabin MTZ 80

The characteristics of the MTZ-80 vary significantly depending on the installed attachments. Based on the basic chassis, you can create universal construction, production equipment, or special equipment for narrow specialized work. The tractor is equipped with such units as a plow, harrow, brushes, buckets, equipment for plowing and excavation work . Whether they are installed on the Terrion tractor is described in another article.

Dimensions, how much it weighs

The MTZ-80 tractor has relatively small dimensions and weight; here are the standard dimensions.

The MTZ-80 design uses a hydraulic system to use a wide range of units. It has an increased load capacity and can support equipment weighing up to two tons, and allows the installation of both trailed and mounted equipment.

The system has a separate aggregate design, thanks to which it is possible to regulate the depth of plowing the soil in the power and position ranges. During transportation, the mounted units are installed very securely mechanically.

Engine

Initially, the MTZ-80 was equipped with a D-240 engine. In 1974, it was one of the most popular, functional and reliable diesel engines. In the post-Soviet space, most of the D-240 tractors of the first mass series still operate on this unit, so we will dwell on it in more detail.

This is what it looks like in the photo:

Engine D-240

The design of the D-240 implies the presence of four cylinders and a common combustion chamber. The combustible mixture is formed by the bulk-film method.

The engine has a power of 80 hp. , which by modern standards is considered a very modest figure (for the T 70 tractor this figure is 160 liters), but in fact, this power is quite enough to solve most of the problems facing the owner of the MTZ-80. With proper operation, the tractor can easily cope with difficult tasks.

Cooling system

The MTZ-80 tractor is equipped with a closed liquid cooling system. For its operation, a water centrifugal pump, a plate radiator that provides good heat transfer, and a powerful fan that circulates air through it are used.

The coolant is poured into a special “jacket” of two walls, and circulates through the pipeline system from the heat exchange system to the engine. The cooling system is controlled by a thermostat.

The engine cooling system in the MTZ-80 has a modern, complex design , but at the same time a simple and reliable operating principle is observed.

The liquid passes evenly through the jacket, continuously pumped up by the pump, and circulates through the radiator. The fan cools it and the liquid is sent back to the reservoir, from where the process is repeated in a circle.

In the video you will see how he plows the field:

Transmission

The MTZ-80 tractor is equipped with only a manual gearbox with 18 forward speeds and 8 rear speeds, as well as a reduction gearbox, which makes it possible to move off smoothly using attachments.

Since 1985, some models have been equipped with a hydraulically controlled gearbox with power shift. This allows you to change speeds without disengaging the clutch.

Modern models are equipped with a differential lock, which can be activated by simply switching the mode under the dashboard. And in earlier versions, blocking was carried out using a pedal.

Attachments

Equipping with two independent power take-off shafts allows the use of various attachments, such as:

• Boers;
• Rake;
• Disc harrows;
• Branch shredders;
• Potato diggers;
• Potato planters;
• Mowers;
• Cultivators;
• Plow blade;
• Mulchers;
• Lawnmowers;
• Sprayers;
• Plows;
• Fertilizer spreaders;
• Mills;
• Brushes for municipal services;
• Seeders;
• Trailers.

Hydraulic system

The tractor is equipped with a universal separate-unit hydraulic system, the tank capacity of which is 25.5 liters (+/-0.5 l). The pump flow data (at rated crankshaft speed) is at least 45 l/min. The maximum pressure in the hydraulic system is 20-2 MPa.

The hydraulic system is equipped with a gear pump NSh32A-3 (or NSh32M-3 of right rotation). The unit flow is at least 45 liters per minute. The pump drive is from the power unit through the drive gears of the power take-off shaft.

Photo source: like-sumy.com.ua Photo MTZ-82.1

Cabin and controls

The advantage of the MTZ-80 tractor cabin is its closed type, due to which the supplied heat is well retained in winter and cooled air in summer.

Thanks to the attachment to the tractor using shock absorbers, shaking is reduced while driving on bumpy roads.

To ensure optimal visibility for the driver, wide glass is installed on all sides. For additional ventilation of the space inside the cabin, there is a hatch in the ceiling.

The seat is mounted on a shock absorber to provide driver comfort when driving.

The controls are located compactly and within reach of the driver. All necessary switches are located on the dashboard.

The figure shows the approximate location of all control levers.

Control

The MTZ-80 tractor is equipped with a steering system that is optimally suitable for wheeled special equipment. Thanks to this, it can be used for transport work and in difficult conditions of dense urban development.

The control circuit includes the power steering, the steering wheel itself and the drive.

Modern controls are simple and allow novice drivers to use the tractor ; unlike most Soviet tractors, operating the MTZ-80 does not require much experience.

Dimensions and fuel consumption

The average fuel consumption is 9 liters per hour, which is significantly less compared to the modernized MTZ-82 model, which consumes 12 l/h.

Motor power has a significant influence on this indicator.

Those who strive not to exceed this number must carry out timely technical inspections and identify possible malfunctions in the operation of all leading systems, use only recommended tires and do not operate the engine at high speeds.

The track on the front wheels is 135 -185 cm, on the rear wheels 180 - 210 cm.

Chassis

The machine has a wheeled chassis. The rear axle wheels are oversized and mounted on the axle shaft with special brackets. This allows you to set the required track size. The front beam is hinged to the tractor frame. When moving, it moves freely relative to the plane of the frame. The front beam consists of three parts. By moving the side parts of the beam, the track width of the front wheels is adjusted.

IMPORTANT: The front wheels are used only to steer the tractor. To make it easier to turn the wheels, the steering wheel is equipped with a hydraulic booster.

Tuning

One of the main advantages of the MTZ-80 over other models is the mass availability and unification of installed units; in total, more than 230 types of attachments can be installed on it. Using the basic chassis, the tractor can be turned into a hydraulic loader, excavator, drilling rig, snow removal machine for municipal work, special equipment for cleaning roads, plowing, etc.

MTZ-80 is truly universal, and can be equipped with cleaning and washing units for use in urban farming, lumber chippers, equipment for plowing and cultivating fields, such as a brush cutter or seeder. There are pictures of similar units on the Internet. Depending on the tasks being solved, the units can be replaced with others, which is especially important when the seasons change.

You can also modify individual design elements, for example, equip the engine with a pre-starting device.

Tractor coupling

Belarus 80 performs the following operations that are in demand for mechanized equipment:

• plowing, cultivation, harrowing of the soil;
• fertilization;
• inter-row processing;
• cargo transportation;
• cargo handling.

Such multifunctionality and versatility of the tractor is ensured by the ability to be aggregated with the following mounted and trailed specialized equipment (more than 100 models):

• various types of row crop plows;
• mounted cultivators;
• mounted harrows;
• various seeders and diggers;
• semi-trailers and tanks;
• mowers in several versions (disc, mounted);
• roll wrappers;
• bulldozer blades;
• cleaning brushes;
• watering units.

One of the popular units of the so-called hitch for MTZ 80 is a tillage cutter.

Such a cutter has the properties of several devices at once, namely a plow, a cultivator, and a disc harrow.

Together with MTZ 80, the speed of processing land plots increases and reduces the fuel consumption consumed for processing a unit of area.

Often, mass-produced cutters do not take into account the nature of the land on which they have to work and do not cope with the tasks.

Therefore, machine operators and rural specialists have to make homemade cutters for tractors with their own hands, using drawings of serial products, as well as descriptions of specialists who have already completed the modernization.

For a similar reason, we had to make homemade cultivators by hand, while making changes to the mounting of the rear hydraulic cylinder for mounting.

The KUHN front loader allows you to perform loading and unloading operations, ensures year-round use by removing snow, loading silage and hay in the winter.

Serially produced KUNs are expensive in price, and the period of use is limited. Therefore, rural specialists often make homemade KUNs on MTZ 80 with their own hands, using serial drawings.

Sometimes they are universal, and the KUN originally intended for the MTZ 80 is installed on all agricultural tractors.

Price of tractor MTZ-80

MTZ-80 has a number of pros and cons. They affect its cost. If you compare prices for this model and products or John Deere, the difference will be noticeable. Thanks to its proven design, the tractor is highly reliable and maintainable; spare parts for it are easy to buy. Comfort of work and control of the situation, taking into account the lack of specialized equipment in the standard configuration, are not the strong qualities of the MTZ-80. The tractor's power is definitely not enough for large areas. However, the popularity of the model remains extremely significant even now. MTZ-80 is a kind of analogue of the Kalashnikov assault rifle in the world of tractors.

The cost of a new tractor is 600-900 thousand rubles, depending on the operator’s cabin (significant, low) and additional equipment. A maintained MTZ-80 in working condition can be purchased for 150-300 thousand rubles.

Maintainability

Experts and users note that tractors of the Belarus family are characterized by amazing maintainability. This largely explains their popularity among Russian consumers. Machine repairs, in most cases, can be done on site. Spare parts and service fluids are cheap and accessible.

The unpretentious motor will cause a minimum of inconvenience. The main faults are related to the gearbox. To replace parts or troubleshoot problems, you can use professional forums. Over its long history, the MTZ-80 has managed to reveal all its few weaknesses. Therefore, repairing equipment will not cause difficulties.

Switching circuit

There are no tricky tricks in changing gears on the Belarus tractor. Everything is done according to the diagram attached above, but...

1. Of course, you need to turn the engine to low speed.
2. Then depress the clutch pedal.
3. Having selected the required gear, turn it on smoothly and slowly release the clutch.
4. If the shift lever becomes stuck, simply return it to its original position and engage again.

Tips and tricks

As with automotive technology, it requires careful and sensitive attention. Simply put, it is necessary to maintain the serviceability of the gearbox, the level and quality of the oil, periodically replace consumable parts and conduct a preventive inspection of the gearbox.

To replace worn parts, it is recommended to use only original spare parts and never pour suspicious oil into the box. A branded product will pay for itself much faster than a product on which you save. When changing the oil, always leave all drain holes open.

Application

Initially, the agricultural model MTZ-80 soon gained popularity in other areas of activity. The plant produced a forestry version, a tracked vehicle for weak-bearing soils and difficult terrain, as well as modifications with bulldozer equipment.

"Belarus" MTZ-80 is successfully used in public utilities and construction. The tractor can be used for transportation and towing. Sufficient power, high performance and ease of maintenance made the MTZ-80 truly universal. The equipment is produced to this day with minor additions and modifications.

Versatility, efficiency, cost, along with general reliability and maintainability became the basis for its high popularity, making the MTZ 80 tractor truly legendary.

Description and purpose

The history of MTZ-80 began with a decree of the Council of Ministers of the Soviet Union, issued in 1966. It set the task of creating a tractor that would be universal, functional and widespread, suitable for use throughout the vast country.

The new model had to meet current standards of quality and reliability, have standardized components and not have any difficulties in production. In order not to spend extra money on the construction of a new plant, it was planned to re-equip the Minsk Tractor Plant for this purpose, using the existing MTZ-50 model as a basis.

Designed for agriculture

Due to its high performance characteristics, this tractor is still produced in Belarus, but under the name MTZ-80 Belarus. It can be used in agriculture, construction and manufacturing , transport and earthworks.

And if you equip the structure with additional attachments, you can significantly expand the capabilities of the tractor. Many models of drilling, unloading, cleaning, crane and other equipment have been developed for MTZ-80.

There are also specialized modifications, for example, MTZ-80X can be used for excavation work in cotton production, and MTZ-80L with an engine heating system is excellent for use in cold climates.

Read how to use Bühler tractors in this article.

Features of operating Belarus tractors

Thanks to its increased cross-country ability, exemplary traction and coupling characteristics, and high agrotechnical indicators, the MTZ-80 Belarus tractor is recognized as a universal machine with a wide profile.

At the customer's individual request, the machine can optionally be equipped with additional components and devices at the factory: a combined tow hitch, air conditioning, creeper, additional weights, a device for doubling wheels, and a rear linkage adjuster.

MTZ-80 at work

For many subsequent developments of other brands, the MTZ-80 tractor is considered a kind of basic model. Well-known agricultural machines John Deere and Caterpillar are improved analogues of the 80th modification. If we compare how much Belarus-80 can cost compared to foreigners, the price differs by several orders of magnitude. The cost of a new MTZ-80 tractor is about 1.2-1.7 million rubles, and a used copy can be bought for 140-300 thousand rubles.

Service

Belarus-80 consumes diesel fuel and is characterized by economical fuel consumption - approximately 220 g/kWh, which corresponds to 5-7 l/h. The brand of diesel fuel must be selected strictly taking into account the manufacturer’s recommendations, depending on the season of operation and taking into account temperature conditions.

During maintenance of the cooling system, coolants OZh-40, OZh-65 or Antifreeze A40M, Antifreeze A65M are used. For the transmission, oil of the TAD-17 class is used, for the diesel crankcase - oil of type M-8DM and M-10DM.

Major faults, repairs

The manufacturer guarantees a high engine life of the tractor - at least 5000 operating hours, in fact this value is 20-30% more. The simplicity of the design allows owners to repair the MTZ-80 tractor in the field without the help of a service center.

Possible malfunctions and breakdowns of the MTZ-80 tractor are often associated with improper maintenance of the equipment and violation of the manufacturer’s requirements. As a result, problems with the diesel engine may arise: it does not start, it runs unstably, it smokes, it overheats.

Problems with the power transmission are manifested mainly by increased noise in the conical pair, gearbox engagement with a grinding noise, and incomplete release of the clutch. The automatic differential lock may not work. The listed malfunctions can be easily eliminated yourself using the practical recommendations in the instructions.

Description and design of the MTZ tractor

Tractors under the Belarus 82 brand reached the peak of popularity thanks to a variety of modifications:

• 82 - multi-purpose tractor for the needs of the agricultural industry;
• 82.1 - the main difference is a more spacious cabin;
• 82.1-23/12. This model has unusually large front wheels;
• 82P - designed specifically for working in rice paddies;
• 82N - has a reduced ground clearance (compared to the base model) - 400 mm. Equipped with wheels - 16.9/14-30 (rear) and 10-16 (rear). Designed for work on difficult terrain with slopes and elevations up to 16 degrees;
• 82K - a set of additional options allows you to work on slopes up to 20 degrees;
• 82 MK - utility harvesting tractor;
• 82B - the main difference from the base model is the presence of a reversible gearbox;
• 82 T - optimal for use in fields growing vegetables and melons. From what is not in the database, we note the presence of additional wheel gears, which increased its ground clearance.

MTZ 82 has several different modifications.
The founder of the family is a universal four-wheel tractor with a power of 81 hp. It replaced the obsolete MTZ-52. The updated Belarus tractor received an updated chassis, transmission, hydraulic attachment system and engine produced by the Minsk Motor Plant. At the same time, the car received a new cabin, where the shortcomings of its predecessor were taken into account and an attempt was made to get as close as possible to world standards.

A wide range of attachments made it possible to use the tractor at almost all stages of soil cultivation to harvesting, from the ability to clean city streets to performing a wide variety of tasks in the field of repairing communications and construction.

MTZ-82 is an excellent assistant when transporting goods where there are no hard-surface roads.

The manufacturer guarantees the full functionality of the tractor in the temperature range from -40 to +40 degrees Celsius. This characteristic determined the popularity of the Belarus tractor throughout almost the entire territory of Russia.

Reviews about the car

Most owners of "Belarus 80" and machine operators who service it note:

1. The machine is universal in use, easy to operate and repair, and the demand for spare parts and components is fully satisfied.
2. The power plant is reliable, starting is not difficult, does not require high quality fuel, and lasts until major overhaul without serious breakdowns.
3. Multifunctionality is determined by more than 200 types of trailed and mounted mechanisms.

Among the shortcomings, experts highlight:

1. Insufficient level of comfort and small cabin size of the base model. Ventilation is natural through windows, there is no heater.
2. Low reliability parameters of hydraulic steering systems and canopy assembly. Oil leaks, hydraulic pump failures.

Minsk tractors "Belarus 80" with a traction class of 1.4 are used as multifunctional units in agriculture, construction, and industry. Simple and reliable machines do not require high qualifications from the tractor driver and repair personnel. In modern models, the power supply of the unit has increased significantly and the comfort of the control cabin has been increased. The prices of the products are reasonable and correspond to the characteristics and quality of the tractors.