Seeder SZ 3.6: technical characteristics and design

The trailed grain seeder SZ 3 6 is widely used in the fields of agricultural enterprises in Russia and neighboring countries. This universal equipment can be used with seeds of grains, legumes and some cereal crops. Suitable for sowing barley, oats, peas, buckwheat, millet and other crops. Among the main advantages is the ability to apply fertilizers to a depth of up to 80 mm simultaneously with sowing. The depth and speed of sowing are controlled by special sensors. The seeder is used with tractors of different traction classes, mainly with MTZ-80 (82) and the like.

Description of equipment

With intensive cultivation technology, to create a tramline, it is possible to overlap part of the cells. SKM and SZ grain-fertilizer seeders are equipped with additional removable units and can be used for a wide range of agricultural work:

• double-disc coulters and harrows - for row seeding;
• single-disc coulters - for overseeding and applying granular fertilizers without loosening the soil;
• two-line point openers and harrows - for crops with a planting depth of 30 mm (flax, legumes, certain types of grains);
• single-line point openers and harrows are designed for light soil types;
• double-disc double-row coulters and chain harrows - for sowing in narrow rows.

It is advisable to purchase grain-fertilizer seeders equipped with all the necessary removable mechanisms. Taking into account the agrotechnical conditions of the region and the characteristics of the composition and moisture of the soil.

Important. Removable equipment units from one manufacturer are not always universal and suitable for all grain and fertilizer seeders.

Design of a grain fertilizer seeder

Based on the mounting method, mounted and trailed grain fertilizer seeders are distinguished:

• trailed structures are designed for cultivating large areas, since it is possible to independently adjust the working width in one pass, connecting from three to six seeders into one structure. Such structures require the use of powerful traction equipment due to the large weight of the structure;
• mounted – for small areas sown with vegetable and beet crops.

The universal design of the grain fertilizer seeder allows you to reduce labor costs, save fuel resources and perform sowing in strict accordance with agrotechnical requirements. Since it is important to maintain the depth of seed placement, taking into account the soil moisture in the region, combining sowing with plowing is not advisable.

It has been proven that all the conditions for proper groundwork can be met only by combining soil loosening without turning over the layer with sowing and the application of granular fertilizers. Final compaction of the soil (rolling) is necessary to preserve the seeds and prevent them from being eaten by birds and weathering.

Machine versatility

The agricultural machine performs three sequential operations:

• Pre-sowing loosening. It is carried out by S-shaped organs borrowed from the classic stubble cultivator. Thanks to them, the “Omichka” we are considering is launched directly onto the stubble on some farms. This is especially true in areas with an increased risk of wind erosion. After grain harvesting in some areas, especially in southern latitudes, there comes a time of strong winds, and irrigation naturally stops. The rise of plowed land after harvesting can provoke the weathering of light particles of dried humus from the soil. In such cases, introducing a fallow catch crop, which also enriches the soil with nitrogen, is the only possible way out of the situation. And the Omichka stubble seeder copes with this task perfectly.
• Actually - sowing. Produced using a time-tested, reliable Kalashnikov-style bobbin seeding device within adjustable limits from 95 to 510 kg/ha.
• Post-sowing rolling. Produced using modern rollers. The point of the process is that the top layer of soil, as expected, becomes compacted, activating the flow of moisture from the aquifers, but the surface itself becomes rough, as if closing off the moisture.

Photo: seeder Omichka SKP 2.1

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Principle of operation

General operating principle:

• the grooves are cut using the loosening arms of the mechanism;
• in the direction of travel, seeds are dosed into the soil and fertilizers are applied in parallel, for which the container is equipped with two separate compartments with different feeding frequencies;
• the posts level and compact the soil between the rows;
• a beam with teeth located at an obtuse angle located behind the paws levels the soil as it moves. The obtuse angle of the teeth suggests self-cleaning of large clods of earth, plant debris and small rhizomes;
• standard grain fertilizer seeders SKM and SZ have the following parameters - the distance between the teeth is 75 mm, between the paws - 150 mm.

Modern types of seeders can be equipped with attachments with different tooth frequencies for cultivating crops with different requirements for agrotechnical seeding conditions.

SKP 2.1D for No till technology

The classic method of farming involves the implementation of a whole range of mandatory soil cultivation measures before using standard seeders. These include preliminary plowing of the land, which, although useful for reducing the time required for cultivating land and optimizing processes, has negative consequences for the soil.

No till technology eliminates such actions and is designed to reduce mechanical efforts and the costs of maintaining and servicing numerous equipment. You can buy a grain seeder SKP 2.1 “Omichka” and use it within this method. The main principle of No till technology is the refusal of plowing, which means preserving the soil structure, reducing the risk of erosion and maintaining the moisture balance necessary for grain crops.

Grain fertilizer seeder SZ

The SZ-3.6 and SZ-3.6A mechanisms are very popular due to the optimal price-quality ratio. The advantage of this model is a wide range of components and parts for repairing SZ, which can be purchased in any region of the Russian Federation.

SZ-3.5 – advantages and disadvantages:

• possibility of applying fertilizers to a depth of up to 80 mm, simultaneously with sowing work;
• pneumatic wheel drive ensures smooth movement on any surface and accurately adjusts the desired depth of the coulter, without sudden changes in depth;
• equipping with standardizing shaft sensors on the seeding device ensures uniform feeding;
• one operator can control the sowing process and, if necessary, quickly adjust the SZ-3.5;
• when changing openers, which are provided in the SZ-3.5 model, it is possible to simultaneously cultivate different types of plants in narrow rows.

SZ-3.5 is designed for cultivating all types of grains, leguminous and vegetable crops on small areas of farms with complex plot geometry. It features good maneuverability, ease of maintenance, durability and versatility.

Model SZ-3.6A - differences:

• a convenient mechanism for overlapping a separate sowing device is provided to create a tramline;
• SZ-3.6A is easy to modify when changing crops, taking into account the requirements of agricultural technology;
• The seed dosing rate is easily adjusted by changing the length of the coil, changing the rotation frequency of the working shaft or adjusting the seeding valve.

Video: Adjusting the grain sowing rate on the SZ-3.6 seeder

It is convenient to adjust the required fertilizer rate in the SZ-3.6A model by simply moving the handle.

Device

The main technical elements of the Omichka seeder are:

• Supporting frame, which is a metal structure. It consists of spokes and bars on which the opener is mounted.
• A pair of wheels and a stand that are mounted on a support.
• Rollers, which are also the base for the seeder itself. They perform the function of compacting the soil.
• A grain box is a container that is divided into compartments for seeds and fertilizers.
• Seeding device.
• A fertilizer sowing unit that is brought into working position by changing the gap between the valve and the reel.
• The drive is responsible for the rotation speed of the seeding unit shafts.
• Openers, which are the leading working bodies. They serve as a base for attaching the seed tube trays.
• A trailer that overpowers the seeder.
• A hydraulic cylinder that lifts and lowers the seeder.
• Hitches are used to connect seeders to each other.

Technical characteristics of grain fertilizer seeders.

The picture shows a general drawing of the SZ series seeder. Overall dimensions may vary depending on the selected model.

Overall dimensions of SZ and SZT seeders

Model	Ryadkov	Length	Width	Height	Weight
SZ-3.6 SKM	24	1200	5000	1400	1320
NWT-3.6 SCM	24	1200	5000	1400	1580
SZ-5.4 SKM	36	1200	6800	1450	2310
NWT-5.4 SCM	36	1200	6800	1450	2700
SZ-6.0 SKM	40	1200	7500	1450	2520
NWT-6.0 SCM	40	1200	7500	1450	2950

Hopper volume and productivity

Model	SZ-3.6 SKM	NWT-3.6 SCM	SZ-5.4 SKM	NWT-5.4 SCM	SZ-6.0 SKM	NWT-6.0 SCM
Seed volume l.	644	644	881	881	940	940
Volume of strokes l.	406	406	593	593	655	655
For small seeds and herbs	—	190	—	320	—	360
Productivity ha/hour	from 3.7 to 4.4	from 3.7 to 4.4	from 5.4 to 6.5	from 5.4 to 6.5	from 6.5 to 7.7	from 6.5 to 7.7
Working width mm	3600	3600	5400	5400	6000	6000

All seeders have 150 mm row spacing.

Due to difficulties encountered when transporting the seeder to the sowing site, some parts are dismantled and transported separately. For example: sowing markers and coulters.

To ensure uniform sowing of grain, it is necessary to carefully adjust the gate valves. Adjustment comes down to selecting the exact gap using a special lever. Based on the calculation, the larger the seed, the higher the leverage.

In the photo: Valve adjustment lever.

IMPORTANT: Please note that if the valves are not adjusted correctly, seed dispersion may differ significantly from the specified rate. If the valves are closed too much, the seeds may be damaged, and if the valves are too open, the sowing of the seeds will not be uniform.

Adjusting the number of seeds on SZ and NWT seeders

To adjust the amount of grain sown, the seeder is provided with a special regulator with a gradation scale. The higher the number on the scale, the more seeds will be sown. It is worth noting that the scale is for informational purposes only and in no case shows the exact amount of grain consumption.

Photo: Regulator of the number of seeds sown.

Gradation table for small seeds on the regulator.

Scale	10	20	30	40	50	60	70	80	90	100
Alfalfa	7	10	15	20	25	30	35	40	50	60
Millet	7	10	15	20	25	30	35	40	50	60
Mustard	10	15	20	25	30	35	40	50	60	70
Rape	10	15	20	25	30	35	40	50	60	70
Linen	7	10	15	20	25	30	35	40	50	60
Lentils	10	15	20	25	30	35	45	55	70	80

IMPORTANT: The table shows the approximate dosage in kilograms per hectare, but it should be taken into account that according to technical characteristics, the spread can be within +- 20 kg.

Calculation of the number of seeds per 0.1 hectare

1. Filling the seed hopper with grain for sowing
2. We determine the position of the gear corresponding to the type of seed and make the adjustment
3. We connect the seeder to the tractor and suspend the seeder using a three-point system
4. For falling seeds, we lay a tarpaulin. If you have a planter with a test tank, no tarp is needed.
5. Now open the valve so that the grains from the seed hopper fall onto the valve
6. Adjusting the valves using the adjusting lever
7. Fix the lever at the required scale position
8. It must be remembered that when the lever scale is set to zero, the seed discs do not rotate, and therefore there will be no seed supply. With a value of 100 the feed will be maximum
9. We put a mark on the drive wheel and turn it 20 revolutions.
10. We collect the fallen grain and weigh it
11. Using the table above, we calculate the coefficient corresponding to the sowing width
12. The weight of the fallen seeds (kg) must be multiplied by the resulting coefficient. The resulting number will be the number of seeds per 0.1 hectare
13. If the expected result does not agree with the calculated one, change the position of the scale and take the measurement again

Let's give an example: Let's say we use a trailed seeder with tire size 155-13, and the row of our seeder is 24 and the sowing width is 3 m. For example, we use wheat. We plan to sow 20 kg. per 0.1 hectare. When taking measurements, that is, at twenty revolutions of the drive wheel, the weight of the fallen grain should be 2 kg. The coefficient of this model is 9.15. Thus, using a simple formula: 9.15 x 2.0 we get 18.3 kg per hectare.

For more precise adjustment, change the position of the lever to a larger or smaller value and repeat the operation. After complete adjustment, fix the adjustment lever.

Ruler table for seed adjustment

Scale	5	10	15	20	25	30	35	40	45	50	54
Wheat	30	60	110	160	210	260	310	360	410	460	510
Alfalfa	40	80	120	160	200	240	280	320	360	400	430
Oats	20	40	80	120	160	200	250	290	330	380	410
Chickpeas 28 cm.	0	0	0	100	130	160	200	240	280	320	360
Lentils	50	100	150	200	250	300	350	400	450	500	540
Vika	60	110	160	210	260	310	360	410	460	510	550
Rapeseed 28 cm.	30	70	110	150	190	230	270	310	350	390	430

Values ​​are indicated in kg per 1 hectare. Spread +- 20 kg.

IMPORTANT: It is worth paying special attention to the quality of the sowed material. If the seed is poorly cleaned and severely damaged, lumps may form and disrupt the uniformity of sowing.

Fertilizer calibration scale

Number of teeth on scale	Fertilizer DAP 1 ha/kg	20-20-0 Min. fertilizers 1 ha/kg
1	50	20
2	100	50
3	150	120
4	200	160
5	220	200
6	250	230
7	300	280
8	350	330
9	400	370
10	450	400