Every gasoline or diesel engine requires maintenance and certain components, and engine oil is one of the most important components for an engine. As for tractors and similar special equipment, the choice of oil for them differs from classic automobile options, in particular due to the structural features of the engine. Most of this equipment works with an uneven load on the engine, which changes the crankshaft speed. Therefore, in this case, engine oil must be of sufficient quality and always present in the required quantity, otherwise the tractor’s service life is reduced.
An interesting fact is that most modern domestic and foreign equipment manufacturers require a specific type and characteristics of oil for their equipment. Many parts on the tractor are lubricated under pressure, others by spraying oil onto it. The following parts are lubricated by splashing:
- liners and pistons;
- piston rings;
- oil pump drive;
- camshaft knuckles.
Please note that such lubrication occurs when the engine is running, oil circulates through the system. As for pressure lubrication, it is aimed at the following parts:
- crankshaft and camshaft bearings;
- valve mechanism;
- fuel pump gears;
- gear bushings (intermediate).
Description and technical specifications
The small-sized wheeled tractor Vladimirets is used to transport goods weighing up to 600 kg. With its help, labor is mechanized on livestock and poultry farms. Main purpose of T25:
- inter-row cultivation of all types of row crops;
- plowing of soils in fruit and berry orchards, vineyards, greenhouses;
- cleaning, planting vegetables;
- sowing of cereals;
- weed control;
- pest control;
- making hay.
Farmers engaged in making hay note that the T 25 Vladimirets tractor with a rotary mower copes with this work perfectly.
Engine
To operate the power systems of the tractor, a unified model D21A1 is installed in the front part. The unit is mounted on 3 structural supports. Its dimensions are 689 × 628 × 865 mm, weight 260-290 kg. While inside the cab, the operator starts the diesel engine of the T 25 tractor with an electric starter (from a 12 V battery). It takes 3-5 seconds to start. Operating temperature range from -40 °C to +40 °C. A feature of the T25 engine is a combined lubrication system. The oil mixture enters the gear pump, then under pressure to the rubbing parts of the power unit. Oil pump capacity is 12 l/hour at a speed of 1400 rpm.
During operation of the D21A1, diesel fuel undergoes coarse and fine cleaning:
- 1st stage – sediment filter;
- Stage 2 – replaceable filters.
The D21A1 is protected from overheating by a cooling system (forced, air). A three-stage air cleaner cleans the air entering the engine. Unified parts are another important advantage of D21.
| Parameter | Meaning |
| power D21A1 (hp) | 26 |
| type | diesel, four-stroke |
| number of cylinders (pcs.) | 2 |
| oil pressure (kg/cm³) | 1,5-3,5 |
| fuel consumption (g/kW*h) | 223 |
| cylinder diameter (mm) | 105 |
| cylinder volume (l) | 2,07 |
| piston stroke (mm) | 120 |
The T 25 has a diesel engine
Dimensions
On farms and in industrial greenhouses they work only on small-sized equipment. The dimensions of the T 25 tractor meet this requirement. The maneuverability of the unit depends on the track size parameter. In all modifications of Vladimirets it can be adjusted.
| Parameter | Meaning |
| length (m) | 1,18 |
| width (m) | 1,49 |
| height (m) | 2,48 |
| wheelbase (m) | 1,78 |
| weight (t) operating | 2,02 |
| track (m) | 1,2-1,4 |
| ground clearance | 308-515 mm |
checkpoint
The small-sized tractor performs the entire range of agricultural work in the speed range of 1.5-21 km/h. Vladimirets' mobility is ensured by a mechanic's gearbox with transverse shafts. The T25 gearbox locking device installed on the cover performs useful functions:
- when the clutch is not fully disengaged (engaged), it does not allow you to change gears;
- protects gears from premature wear.
In outdated configurations of Vladimirets, the gear formula is 6 + 4. In more modern modifications of the T25 there are 14 gears: forward - 8 (2 slow, 6 reverse), 6 rear. Speeds are switched by two levers with slides. Structural elements of the T25 gearbox:
- mechanical drive;
- reverse;
- clutch;
- central gear;
- differential.
The intermediate link of the PTO engagement mechanism is mounted in the central gear of the tractor. Sleeves (brake) are attached to the T 25 transmission housing, and the final drives are connected to them. Their position determines the operating parameters of Vladimirets: ground clearance, longitudinal base.
Chassis
Vladimirets has a standard chassis, consisting of driving rear wheels, a front axle, a T25 frame, and guides for the front wheels.
| Characteristics of the tractor chassis system | Purpose | Values | Addition |
| rear wheels (size) | row spacing processing | 240/813 mm | track T 25 1100-1500 mm |
| transportation | 270-711 mm | track T 25 1200-1470 mm | |
| rear wheels (pressure level) | work in the field | 0.8-0.9 kgf/cm² | reducing pressure to 0.8 kg/cm² increases adhesion qualities |
| cargo transportation | 0.9-1.2 kgf/cm² | permissible - 2 kg/cm², the higher the pressure, the greater the load capacity | |
| front tire size | — | 170-406 mm | the first value is at normal pressure, the second value means the fitting size |
| front wheel tire pressure T25 | work in the field | 1.5-1.8 kgf/cm² | — |
| transportation | 1.8-2 kgf/cm² | — |
Steering
The principle of operation of the Vladimirets steering differs from that of a car. A diagram that shows all the elements of the system helps to understand it:
- steering wheel;
- drive gear shank;
- driven gear;
- upper crankcase;
- steering shaft;
- steering column;
- video clip;
- worm;
- lower crankcase;
- bipod shaft.
When the steering wheel is turned, through the elements of the steering system, the movement is transmitted to the steering longitudinal rod, the rotary double-arm lever, and the steering linkage. This causes the front wheels to turn. The steering wheel play should not exceed 15-20°. It is adjusted using the coupling bolts of the bipod arm fastenings and the steering shaft bearing nuts.
Operator's cabin
In the basic configuration of the T25, there is a single-seat cabin, rectangular in shape, made of metal, and has a good overview. A set of rear-view mirrors makes the work of the tractor operator easier. They are located on the left and right windows. In bad weather, the T25 windshield wiper improves visibility. The operator can adjust the position of the seat relative to the steering wheel (move, move). The tractor cabin is equipped with additional options:
- lighting;
- heating;
- ventilation.
Attachments
Additional equipment for agricultural and municipal enterprises is purchased domestically, produced by the Vladimir Tractor Plant, as well as imported, produced by Chinese, Polish, and Ukrainian companies. The most popular attachments for the T 25 tractor:
- mounted tillage tiller with a working width of 1.6 m, plowing depth up to 0.3 m;
- PN-ZOR – single-body mounted plow;
- PN-2-ZOR – double-furrow mounted plow;
- DTZ-1 Tm – potato digger;
- KSO-2.1 – cultivator;
- dump;
- disc harrow;
- seeder;
- mowers of both types (rotary, segmental);
- trailer;
- capacitive sprayer;
- Boer;
- snow dump.
For T25, additional equipment is selected taking into account the 0.6 traction class. The rear linkage of Vladimirets is complemented by a hydraulic system. It is responsible for the lifting and position of mounted and trailed units. The design of the Vladimirets rear linkage is three-point, equipped with limit chains.
Principle of operation
When the tractor engine is running, the pump, using an oil intake, supplies oil at the required pressure to the engine block. It is then supplied to the pressure reducing valve, and some of it is returned back to the crankcase. Also, some of it ends up on the timing gear cover and then back into the centrifuge.
After being cleaned in it, it is directed into the channel of the block from it to the second journal of the crankshaft and to the valve mechanism and pipe. Which connects the oil line itself and the pressure gauge.
Types of transmission oils
There are 2 main types of products on the market for tractor equipment:
- Mineral has low stability and cannot withstand temperature fluctuations. Therefore, this oil is a cheap product and, as a result, has a dubious reputation due to poor quality. If someone still wants to use such a product, it is advisable to replace it more often than required according to the instructions and mileage.
- Synthetic is a higher quality product, but the price for this product will be higher. Perfectly lubricates all transmission elements of the tractor. There are specialists in the services who prefer to mix 2 types of product. The result is a not very expensive oil, but with more or less acceptable quality indicators.
Specific effects of oil on mechanisms
The oil in the transmission system is responsible for the service life of key parts and the performance of the tractor. Therefore, it is very important not to try to save on it, but rather to select a product that suits the parameters. It is advisable to select the oil and its brand based on the printed user manual and information present on the metal plates attached to the body of the equipment. If you ignore the instructions, the transmission will initially work intermittently, and then completely break down.
If you fill a tractor with oil of a higher viscosity than specified in the manufacturer's manual, the consequences can be unpredictable. For example, when a gear rotates very intensively, the oil does not have time to distribute between the interdependent parts. Because of this feature, transmission efficiency decreases, and the tractor may soon fail.
Operating conditions and maintenance procedures
All installation instructions, a complete description of the design, recommendations for aggregation, care of refueling tanks, and other mechanisms are contained in the operating instructions for the T 25 tractor.
| T 25 tractor refueling tanks | Volume |
| oil pump drive housing (l) | 0,3 |
| hydraulic tank (l) | 7,5 |
| air pan (l) | 1,05 |
| steering gear housing (l) | 0,75 |
| final drive housing (l) | 1,5 |
| central gear housing (l) | 10 |
| fuel pump housing (l) | 0,1 |
The tractor works with a large list of attachments.
In the T25 engine crankcase, the oil level is measured 15 minutes after stopping. During replacement, the cap, centrifuge body, and rotor are washed. In the body of the Vladimirets fuel pump there are special holes for monitoring the lubricant level. They are on the side wall. The upper boundary of the liquid should be at the level of the lower edge of the control hole. All the details of monitoring and filling the filling tanks of the T 25 tractor are given in the operating instructions:
- after 240 hours of operation, replace the engine oil;
- hydraulic oil must be changed after 500 operating hours;
- Transmission oil is changed once at the beginning of the season.
The T25 tractor maintenance instructions contain recommendations that must be followed when storing and working with lubricants. For each T25 filling container there is a table of lubricant standards indicating the brand, number of lubrication points, and replacement schedules. Possible malfunctions of the Vladimirets tractor and options for eliminating them are summarized in the table.
| Description of the tractor malfunction | Cause | Elimination |
| T25 engine does not start | air got into the fuel system | forcefully remove air bubbles by filling the system with fuel |
| the fuel system is clogged | carry out a set of works on flushing and purging the fuel line | |
| clogged fuel filters | Clean the coarse filter, replace replacement filters | |
| The starting angle of the fuel pump is not maintained | remove the unit, take it to a service center, and after repair install it according to the instructions | |
| carbon deposits on injectors | eliminate | |
| the engine is smoking | engine is cold | solve the problem by warming up |
| motor load exceeded | reduce the load | |
| low compression | carry out work to replace valves or adjust clearances | |
| there is a lot of oil in the engine crankcase | first assess the level, then drain the excess | |
| worn piston rings, coked holes | flushing or replacement | |
| T25 interruptions in operation D21 | fuel pump failure | replacement needed |
| problem with cylinder head valves | first remove the head, then clean the valve, any carbon deposits that have formed | |
| fuel line clogged | purging and washing work | |
| look for a problem in the T25 piston group | replacing rings, cylinders or pistons | |
| mistakes made during installation of the fuel pump | remove, install according to recommendations |
Farmers can fix most of the breakdowns of the T25 tractor themselves, without contacting service centers. You can buy spare parts for the T 25 and all types of attachments and trailed equipment via the Internet.
Final drive processing
The transmission housing must be poured along with the motor. The lubricant solution is filled into the container through the cap on the steering column structure. On the left side of the gearbox there are control plugs that allow you to determine the required fluid level. Draining is accomplished by opening the magnetic cap on the bottom of the housing.
The fluid in the transmission is replaced with the onset of the agricultural season. The material is drained hot, immediately after stopping the engine.
Before the technical procedure, you should close the filler cap and clean the magnet from dirt, dust, and deposits. Diesel fuel is filled to the lowest mark, after which the car starts, the driver drives for 10 minutes in different gears with shifts. After stopping the car, you need to open the bottom plug and drain the fuel for at least 30 minutes. The container is filled with fresh solution to the minimum value of the rod mark.
