Engine YaMZ 238 - Technical characteristics. Oil volume and fuel consumption

Engines of the YaMZ-236 and YaMZ-238 brands are a unique development of the Yaroslavl Motor Plant. They refer to power units used in large trucks. For a better understanding, we note that they are installed on MAZ Urals, ZILs, KamAZs and other special vehicles for similar purposes.

Today, these types of units have already gone through several stages of modernization and improvement, while their design remains unchanged. These devices continue to be indispensable for equipping special vehicles. This means that there are no alternative solutions, because a more reliable motor for such equipment has not been created.

The volume of oil in them is considered the most important technical characteristic. The fact is that if this indicator is not met, the quality and productivity are significantly reduced, and the operation of the device is impossible.

Engine YaMZ 238 technical characteristics

The engine of this modification differs from the previous version of the YaMZ 236 in the number of cylinders.

1. The basic YaMZ-238 models are 4-stroke eight-cylinder diesel power units.
2. The arrangement of the cylinders is U-shaped.
3. The generated power is 180 - 240 horsepower.
4. Fuel injection is direct type.
5. Cooling is liquid.
6. Available models are naturally aspirated and turbocharged.
7. Specific fuel consumption of the YaMZ 238 engine is 214 g/kWh (157 g/hp/h).
8. Engine capacity YaMZ 238 is 14.85 cubic meters.
9. The weight of the YaMZ 238 engine is 820 - 1010 kg.

Diesel engines of the 238 series are equipped with a mechanical fuel injection pump. In order to ensure the most uniform combustion of diesel fuel, an individual plunger pair is provided for each working cylinder. The injection pump itself is located in the camber of the cylinder banks.

Based on the YaMZ 238 design, a large number of modifications have been created for cars of various models. The eight model range includes the following types of diesel internal combustion engines: 238D, 238DE2, 238M2, 238ND5, 238D1, 238DE, YaMZ-238nd5, YaMZ-238n, YaMZ-238m2-5, YaMZ-238m2-2, YaMZ-238d2, YaMZ- 238de2-21, YaMZ-238m2-11.

The technical characteristics of the YaMZ 238d engine are almost the same as the main model 238.

Reviews

Kirill, Tula. I have a decommissioned army Ural with a YaMZ-236 diesel engine, which digests any diesel fuel. But it no longer meets modern environmental standards, so this hard worker works at my dacha, where I have a large farm plus a part-time job (helping neighbors, so to speak). The Soviet diesel engine transports any load, and for this it is not at all necessary to increase the speed to maximum.

Nikolay, Ekaterinoslavl. I drive a MAZ truck with this engine. I can’t say that there are no problems with him at all. Yes, it is very high-torque and easy to repair, since it is devoid of capricious electronics. But it’s the unpredictable frequency of repairs that spoils the whole picture. Inspection of the engine compartment is necessary before each departure, and besides, I have intercity cargo transportation.

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Design of the YaMZ 238 diesel engine

Diesel engines of the 238th line are structurally made according to the general scheme with the engines of the 236th series. In order to reduce the weight and dimensions of the mechanism, a rational layout is used (the cylinders are arranged in the shape of the letter Y, at an angle of 90 degrees).

Diagram - cross section of a YaMZ 2386 diesel engine:

The list of positions of the YaMZ-238 diesel engine includes a large number of working units, parts, and systems:

• cylinder block;
• cylinder heads (2 pcs.);
• gas distribution mechanism (gas distribution gears, camshaft, pushers, valves, springs);
• crankcase;
• pallet;
• connecting rod and piston group;
• crankshaft;
• fuel equipment (fuel injection pump, speed regulator, injectors, fuel filter, fuel system pipelines);
• cooling system (water pump, fan, heat exchanger);
• lubrication system (coarse and fine oil filters, oil pump);
• exhaust manifolds;
• network of pipelines (gas supply, discharge, water);
• electric starter;
• low pressure booster pump;
• automatic fuel injection advance clutch;
• flywheel housing, flywheel;
• clutch housing;
• clutch mechanism.

Refueling tanks of MAZ units

tel./fax: 256 • 17 • 90 256 • 17 • 91 256 • 17 • 92
+375 (17) 256 • 15 • 24 256 • 15 • 98 210 • 21 • 43

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Operating conditions for YaMZ 238 diesel engines

Modifications of power units in this line are designed for stable operation in a wide range of climatic zones, temperature conditions and other difficult conditions:

• maximum ambient temperature values: from – 60 to + 50°C;
• level of permissible dust content in the air – no more than 0.4 g/m3;
• operating a vehicle at an altitude of no more than 4500 meters above sea level;
• driving through mountain passes above 4500 m with a reduction in power, speed, etc. within appropriate limits.

Engine YaMZ 238de2 technical characteristics

The environmental characteristics of the diesel engine of this modification fully satisfy the requirements for road equipment - Euro-2 class.

In vehicles equipped with YaMZ 238de2 turbocharged diesel engines, oxygen is cooled using a special air-to-air charging system.

Reliability, problems and repair of YaMZ-650

In 2007, a new diesel 650 family was launched, which replaced the 8-cylinder YaMZ-658. These are licensed Renault MIDR 062356 A41 dCi11 engines, which use an in-line 6-cylinder cast iron cylinder block with wet cast iron liners and oil nozzles for cooling the pistons. Inside, a steel crankshaft with a piston stroke of 156 mm, main journals of 108 mm and crankpins of 77 mm is installed on 7 supports. The connecting rods are made of steel, 300 mm long, the pistons are aluminum, their diameter is 123 mm.

The block is covered by a cast iron head with 4 valves per cylinder. The camshaft is installed in the block. Here you need to check the valves every 120 thousand km and, if necessary, adjust them. Valve clearances on YaMZ-650: inlet 0.4 mm, outlet 0.7 mm.

The YaMZ-650 diesel engine has Common rail fuel injection with a Bosch CP2.2+ pump and an injection pressure of 1400 bar (for the base model). Oil pressure in a warm engine: 4-6.6 kgf/cm2. A liquid-oil heat exchanger is also installed here.

The base engines are equipped with a TKR-90-2 turbocharger, other models can use the TKR 90-3. All this is controlled by a Bosch EDC7 UC31 ECU.

Modifications of YaMZ 650 and their differences

1. YaMZ-650 - base engine for Euro-3 with a power of 412 hp. at 1900 rpm, torque 1870 Nm at 1100-1300 rpm. The engine is installed on MAZ-5440, 6430, 6303, 6312, 5516, 6501; Ural-6307, 6902; Tonar-5422, MZKT-6527 and 7501. - YaMZ-6501 - the ECU is configured differently. Power 362 hp at 1900 rpm, torque 1670 Nm at 1100-1300 rpm. The motor was installed on Ural-6367, 6368, 6470, 6563; MAZ-6312, 6430, 6501. - YaMZ-6502 - differs in the settings of the control unit. Power 311 hp at 2000 rpm, torque 1215 Nm at 1100-1300 rpm. 2. YaMZ-651 - the same YaMZ-650, but differs in the TKR-90-3 turbine, injectors, EGR valve, PM-CAT catalyst, more efficient pump, different fan, built-in viscous coupling, different ECU settings. The injection pressure is increased to 1600 bar. These engines meet the Euro-4 environmental class. Power 412 hp at 1900 rpm, torque 1911 Nm at 1200-1400 rpm. There is a motor on MAZ-5340, 5440, 6312, 6430, 6501; Tonar-5422, 6528; MZKT-6527, 7501, 7511, 7512, 7006, 7007. - YaMZ-6511 - an analogue of the 651 with different firmware. Power reduced to 362 hp. at 1900 rpm, torque 1765 Nm at 1100-1400 rpm. — YaMZ-6512 — motor with firmware for 320 hp. at 2000 rpm, torque 1569 Nm at 1100-1400 rpm. 3. YaMZ-652 - an analogue of YaMZ-651, but with a TKR-90-2 turbine, without EGR and exhaust cooler. This allows you to fit into environmental class 4 (rules 96-02). Power 412 hp at 1900 rpm, torque 1870 Nm at 1100-1400 rpm. ICE is installed on Ural-5831, 6307, 6902; MZKT-6527, 7501, 7511, 7512, 7006, 7007. - YaMZ-6521 - the same YaMZ-652, but with firmware for 362 hp. at 1900 rpm, torque 1665 Nm at 1100-1400 rpm. 4. YaMZ-653 - Euro 5 version with modified fuel (pressure 1800 bar). Power 422 hp at 1900 rpm, torque 2000 Nm at 1100-1300 rpm. — YaMZ-6531 — 367 hp version. at 1900 rpm, torque 1800 Nm at 1100-1300 rpm.

YaMZ-650 malfunctions

This is a normal motor without major design flaws; with proper maintenance, everything works for a long time and does not cause any major problems. Fill with normal fuel, change the oil regularly, and maintain it on time. The manufacturer recommends changing the oil every 40,000 km, and if the sulfur content in the fuel is more than 0.2%, 2 times more often.

Engine number YaMZ-650

Look for the number on the right side of the cylinder block.

Description of the maintenance features of YaMZ 238 engines

According to recommendations for service maintenance of engines of the 238th model series, scheduled work should be carried out after a travel distance of no more than 20 - 25,000 kilometers. During scheduled maintenance, comprehensive measures are carried out, the purpose of which is to restore the original operational properties and technical characteristics of the working parts and components of a diesel engine. The operating and repair manual for the YaMZ G8, developed by the manufacturer, contains a list of the main activities for diesel maintenance:

1. Changing the engine oil.
2. Adjusting valve clearances.
3. Changing filter mechanisms.
4. Cleaning the openings of the spray nozzles.
5. Adjusting the fuel injection pump modes.
6. Other procedures related to the maintenance of an internal combustion engine.

How often to change the oil in YaMZ 236

The first types of motor (Euro-0/1) require updating the formula every 500 hours of operation. For the Euro-2 modification, the service interval increases to 1000 hours. The hours of use regulations are used due to the specificity of the model. In 70% of cases, the engine is installed on tractors, combines or specialized equipment, where calculation in kilometers is not relevant.

When using a car, replacement every 7-9 thousand kilometers is considered relevant. Under harsh operating conditions, the service interval is reduced to 6500-7000 km.

Maintenance of the YaMZ 238 lubrication system

The service life of YaMZ 238 engines depends entirely on the frequency of lubrication operations. The grade, quality, and brand of oil for the YaMZ 238 engine also play an important role in the operating life of a complex device.

How to check the engine oil level:

1. Clean the filler hole from any dirt accumulations.
2. Remove the oil dipstick from the engine housing.
3. Wipe dry with a lint-free cloth.
4. Insert the dipstick into its original place and pull it out again.
5. Determine the oil level.
6. The mark located between the designations “H” and “B” (lower and upper levels) is considered normal.

Important: If the engine was running before checking the engine oil level, a control measurement is carried out at least 5 minutes after turning it off.

If, as a result of measuring the oil volume, the mark is closer to the lower value, it is recommended to add the required amount of fresh lubricant into the engine through the filler hole. The filler neck is located at the front of the engine behind the hydraulic fan coupling.

In the process of measuring the level, the condition of the lubricant is monitored. To do this, you need to apply a few drops of oil on a white paper napkin and study the following parameters of the engine oil:

• oil stain color;
• degree of transparency;
• the presence of foreign inclusions in the form of black dots and metal shavings.

If deviations in oil quality from the norm are detected, it is necessary to replace the used fluid and also flush the diesel engine lubrication system.

Motor oils for YaMZ 238 diesel engines

Recommended brands for replacing engine oil in the YaMZ 238 diesel engine: M8DM, M-10DM.

M8DM oil is intended for use in diesel engines. The basis for the production of this material is sulfurous oil. To improve the beneficial properties, technical characteristics and increase the effectiveness of this lubricant, it contains special additives - high-quality additives. This allows you to protect working units and parts of the power unit from the harmful effects of corrosion, accelerated wear, and premature deformations resulting from sudden temperature changes. When using M8DM engine oil, the diesel engine operates stably and smoothly throughout the entire operating period.

Motor lubricant M-10DM is a high-quality low-ash lubricant. This brand is recommended for use in summer. Scope of application: two-stroke diesel engines and engines equipped with turbocharging, operating in difficult conditions of increased complexity. When using oil of this brand in internal combustion engines without turbocharging, a sharp increase in the interval between service changes of the lubricant was noticed.