Features and technical parameters of the UMZ 4216 engine

Manufacturer

Engine 4216 is produced by the Ulyanovsk Motor Plant. Nowadays this oldest Russian plant is part of the GAZ Group holding company. UMP traces its history back to 1941. It was then, at the very beginning of the Second World War, that the capacities of the Moscow Automobile Plant named after. Stalin. The first vehicle produced by the company at the new location was the ZIS-5. After some time, the plant was renamed UlZIS.

In September 1944, the Ulyanovsk Small Engine Plant was separated from the enterprise. In the early 50s, its designers designed the first model of an air-cooled UD engine. In 1953, the company began producing Zif-5 outboard motors. Later, the plant produced a more advanced model “Veterok” for a long time.

In 1968, the Ulyanovsk Small Engine Plant was renamed UMZ. The company began assembling full-fledged automobile engines. The first UMZ engine rolled off the plant's assembly line in 1969. The company began producing gas-gasoline engines intended for commercial vehicles in 2010.

The appearance of the model

The engine production plant, located in Ulyanovsk, is one of the oldest workshops in Russia. Today, assembly units are part of the commercial organization “Gr. GAZ”, and its formation began in 1941. During wartime, the equipment of an automobile plant located in Moscow and named after I.V. Stalin was moved to Ulyanovsk. From that moment on, the plant was repeatedly renamed and retrained, until in 1968 it received the usual name “UMZ”. It was then that the full-fledged design and assembly of automobile engines began at the enterprise; 1969 was marked by the release of the first engine from the assembly line.

Starting from 1997, Ulyanovsk mastered the production of motors with increased power, which were used on commercial vehicles. The beginning was made by the UMZ-4215 power plant, in which the formation of the mixture occurred through a carburetor. Already in 1998, the product received an updated modification, equipped with an injector and complying with Euro-2 standards. Testing and fine-tuning the product led to the appearance of a new motor, released in 2003. The installation was named engine 4216 and soon began mass production.

The product was used on commercial vehicles produced by Gorky plants, steel cars of the Gazelle brand. After tightening environmental standards and safety requirements, in 2008 the engine was updated to the Euro-3 standard. In 2010, engines began to be installed on updated vehicles of the Gazelle Business series. After some time, the installation was brought up to Euro 4 level (2012), and after being equipped with hydraulic compensators in 2013, it was used on “Next” series machines. In 2014, a turning point came for the Business and Next series cars, as the cars began to be equipped with 2.7-liter Evotech engines.

Special equipment based on Gazelle Business:

Technical characteristics of UMZ-4216

This motor belongs to the class:

• gasoline;
• four-stroke;
• four-cylinder;
• eight-valve.

Each such engine is equipped with a microprocessor-based integrated ignition and fuel supply control system.
The injection in the UMZ-4216 models is phased. UMZ-4216 engines have liquid cooling. Characteristics of the UMZ-4216 engine

The 4216 UMZ engine runs on AI-92 or AI-95 gasoline. The design of this model allows installation on GAZelle and gas equipment. The service life of the UMZ-4216 engine is 250 thousand kilometers. UMZ provides a three-year warranty on its engines (or 80 thousand kilometers).

The unfueled UMZ-4216 engine weighs 172 kg. The volume of the cooling system of this engine is 3.5 liters. The fuel supply in it is carried out in the form of distributed injection. The volume of the engine oil system is 5.8 liters.

Main modifications of UMZ engines

Depending on the model, the power unit ran on low-octane fuel or gas gasoline. However, the latest modifications were able to be modified so that they consumed only high-octane fuel.

The first power units of the UMZ 421 modification were equipped with a carburetor. Subsequently, the manufacturer decided to abandon the use of a carburetor system. Therefore, after 2000, UMZ engines were equipped with an injector.

Attention! Engines that use injectors include the UMZ 4213 and UMZ 4218 models. Some of them were installed on the domestic UAZ SUV. And you could also see them on Hunter, Bukhanka, Gazelle.

Despite the fact that the injection system added power to the UMZ 421 internal combustion engine, the manufacturer considered it insufficient. For example, minibuses and off-road SUVs could not achieve good dynamics due to these engines.

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UMZ 4218 is equipped with dry cartridges. This improved the strength of the engine housing and made it possible to increase the lifespan to 300 thousand kilometers. Those car owners who are accustomed to caring for the engine report that they drove more than half a million on it before they put it in for major repairs.

But modification 4215 was not resistant to overheating. As a result, the oil seals constantly dried out, oil leaked out, and the cylinder head warped. Therefore, the manufacturer abandoned the creation of motors for these models, switching to another improved model.

The injection system on the 4215 was also not very reliable. The injectors were constantly getting dirty and breaking. And it was difficult for a simple car owner to replace them due to the design features of the unit.

Although UMZ 4218 is famous for its unsurpassed strength, according to reviews from car owners, it also has poor resistance to overheating. It’s hard for him in hot countries, the filter system is constantly clogged, which has to be changed after changing the lubricant. In turn, the oil is changed after 7,000 kilometers.

Now let’s see how many modifications have been made to the UMZ 421 family:

• 4218.10-10 – with a compression ratio of 8.2, with a carburetor, the engine power was increased to 103 horses;
• 421.10 – with a carburetor, the exhaust tract design has been redesigned;
• 421.10-30 – with a carburetor, the exhaust manifold has been redesigned by the manufacturer;
• 4213.10-40 – with an injection system for SUVs of the UAZ modification, with the Euro-3 eco-class, and with a power of 117 horses;
• 4213.10-50 – with an injection system, again for UAZ, but with the Euro-4 eco-class;
• 4215.10-10 – with carburetor injection system for AI-76;
• 4215.10-30 – with a carburetor, for AI-92 fuel type;
• 4216.10 – with an injector for AI-92 engines. Installed on Gazelle with Euro-3 eco-class, compression ratio 8.8, with a power of 123 horses;
• 42164.10 – with an injection system for Gazelle minibuses, with a power of 99 horses;
• 42164.10 – with an injector, under the Gazelle, and Euro-4 eco-class, with a power of 125 horses, a camshaft different from the previous ones was installed;
• 421647.10 – gas-gasoline modification, power one hundred horses;
• 42167.10 – gas-gasoline model, power 123 horses.

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Now let’s talk about adjusting the valve clearances on the 421 engine. It needs to be done every 15,000 kilometers so that the engine does not overheat and runs the required 300 thousand kilometers without complaints.

Design Features

Together with the gearbox and clutch, the 4216 engine forms a single unit, mounted in the engine compartment on three rubber-metal elastic supports:

• the rear one is fixed to the gearbox housing;
• right and left - to the cylinder block through the brackets.

To the left in the direction of movement of the vehicle on the UMZ-4216 engine are located:

• spark plugs and ignition coil;
• oil level indicator;
• crankcase ventilation regulator;
• oil pump drive;
• power steering pump.

On the right are:

• intake pipeline (equipped with sensors for throttle position, air temperature and absolute pressure);
• fuel frame with injectors;
• an exhaust manifold;
• oil filter;
• generator;
• crankshaft position sensor;
• oil radiator valve;
• knock sensor;
• coolant temperature sensor.

In front of this engine are:

• thermostat;
• coolant pump;
• generator and camshaft drives;
• fan clutch drive;
• power steering pump drive;
• phase and oil pressure sensors.

The flywheel is located at the rear of the UMZ-4216 engine. Hydraulic power steering is not initially installed on engines of this brand. However, brackets in the UMZ-4216 design are provided for this device. Therefore, the owner of a GAZelle car with such an engine can always purchase a hydraulic booster separately.

The manufacturer recommends using antifreeze (A-65M, A-40M, OZH-40, OZH-65) as a coolant for the UMZ-4216 engine. The lubrication system in this engine is combined.

Most often, the 4216 engine is installed on GAZelle-Business. That is, on minibuses running in almost all cities of our country. Compliance with international environmental standards Euro-3 and Euro-4 is what this modern engine is valued for. GAZelle Business (4216 is most often installed on such cars), of course, pollutes the environment. However, not as much as many other brands of cars.

Engine Maintenance

The entire range of maintenance that must be carried out in order for the 4216 engine to continue to work perfectly can be divided into 3 parts: condition check, control and diagnostic aspect and routine maintenance.

Checking the status consists of the following actions:

• Checking the oil level;
• Checking the fluid level;
• Checking the tightness of power, cooling and lubrication systems.

Number of KDR (control and diagnostic work) that the UMZ 4216 engine must undergo during maintenance:

• Checking the thermostat, coolant sensors, oil temperature and pressure;
• Tightness of crankcase ventilation systems, power supply, lubrication, cooling systems;
• Condition of contacts in electrical equipment;
• Diagnostics of CMPSUD and elimination of detected problems;
• Checking for extraneous sounds during operation;
• Check the condition of the generator and fan belts;
• Checking compression in cylinders;
• Checking the operation of the generator.

And the last list - routine maintenance:

• Tighten the fastenings;
• Adjusting valves UMZ 4216 (the procedure for adjusting the valves depends on personal desire);
• Adjust the gaps;
• Clean from carbon deposits and dirt;
• Flush the cooling system and then replace the fluid;
• Flush the crankcase ventilation system;
• Change the oil filter;
• Change the oil.

Advantages

The advantages of this unit are considered by GAZelle car owners to include, first of all, its high power. This motor pulls under load, according to many consumers, just fine. Also, many consider the undeniable advantages of UMZ-4216:

• possibility of working on liquefied gas;
• rapid acceleration.

The low cost of spare parts and their availability are also what GAZelle car owners praise this engine for. The UMZ-4216 engine, among other things, is also easy to repair. In some cases, even the driver himself can eliminate any malfunctions that have arisen in it.

Tuning

Considering the cars for which UMZ-4216 engines are produced, we can say that atmospheric tuning has no place here.

Therefore, the ideal option is a quiet city turbo. It is necessary to modify the cylinder head, combustion chambers, channels and adjust the UMZ 4216 valves.

Buy a small Garrett 17 with an intercooler, weld a manifold for it. Then get Subaru 440cc injectors, make a direct-flow exhaust on the 63rd pipe - and the result will be a UMZ 4216 engine with low power, but decent torque.

There is no need to change the shafts and piston group. Robot modification does not change anything: UMZ 42164 this approach will suit as well as any other.

Flaws

Previously, a manifold made of SCh-24 gray cast iron was mounted on the UMZ-4216 engine. Therefore, unfortunately, cracks often appeared in it. Later, the manufacturer began to equip these motors with a manifold made of high-strength cast iron HF-50. Thanks to this, new modifications of the UMZ-4216 engine are free of this drawback.

Some consumers, among other things, include the following disadvantages of UMZ-4216 engines:

• quite high fuel consumption;
• frequent sensor breakdowns;
• Frequent electrical problems.

Sometimes it also happens that oil oozes from engines of this brand. From time to time, these engines may stall, fail to start, or even stall while driving.

Description of the most common problems

A common problem with detonation and loss of power in a power unit is the valve mechanism. Without hydraulic compensators, the engine of the UMZ 421 model constantly requires adjustment of the gaps. Engine friction and detonation occur due to a failed spark plug when it does not produce a spark.

The UMP is subject to repair due to poor protection against overheating. This problem also appears in UMZ 341 power units. The lubricant enters the coolant through numerous microcracks in the cylinder head.

Pistons burn out over a mileage of more than 200-300 thousand kilometers or when operating a vehicle under heavy load conditions. The repair consists of replacing the pistons, crankshaft, and cylinder jacket.

Engine 4216: owner reviews

Consumers have a good opinion about the UMZ-4216 motors not only because of the excellent traction and rapid acceleration. Many owners of GAZelle cars praise them for their smooth acceleration. Consumers' first impressions of this engine are usually simply excellent. However, later problems begin to arise with this engine, although not too serious. For example, very often after a run of 15-20 thousand km, sensors on the engine begin to slowly fail.

Many consumers believe that structurally (except for a large number of attachments) the 4216 engine (its photo is presented on the page) is not much different from the old 402 of the same manufacturer. The main difference between these units is that:

• on UMZ-4216 the sleeves are not inserted, but are welded into the block from above;
• The volume has been increased and injector sensors have been installed.

This motor differs from model 4215 primarily in that the designers “strengthened” it with parts from foreign manufacturers. For example, the 4216 engine uses imported spark plugs. The service life of this engine was increased by installing a throttle position sensor and a fuel injector.

Advantages and disadvantages of UMP engines

Let's take a look at the advantages of the engine of the UMZ 421 model:

• The engine was tuned straight from the factory. For example, the same cylinder bore up to 100 mm served well to increase performance;
• the manufacturer has improved the exhaust tract by combining the exhaust pipe, exhaust manifold and resonator into one powerful unit;
• the car owner could do a major overhaul of the power unit with his own hands in the garage;
• the manufacturer forced the intake tract to increase power;
• the factory installed an adequate rubber seal instead of a cord packing on the rear crankshaft support;
• the lifespan was increased to 300 thousand kilometers.

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Now let's look at the shortcomings of the motor:

• poor metalworking of the power unit housing;
• there are leaks of the coolant, lubricant from the block, cylinder head and general mixing of working fluids;
• installation of an outdated gas distribution mechanism and drive;
• increased consumption of fuels and lubricants;
• Constantly checking and adjusting the thermal clearance of the valves. This must be done every fifteen thousand kilometers.

The UMZ 421 motor also did not avoid frequent problems. Let's see what car owners have to deal with.

Price

Thus, the UMZ-4216 engine has quite a lot of disadvantages. Most owners of GAZelle cars consider it unpretentious, but requiring attention. But model 4216 is not particularly expensive either. This engine is usually sold at a price of 110-130 thousand rubles.

A used 4216 engine (injector, 2.9 l), of course, costs less than a new one. Many GAZelle owners often buy such engines for spare parts. The cost of a used UMZ-4216 engine depends, among other things, on the presence or absence of attachments on it.

Modifications

The base engine 4216, despite a number of shortcomings, is quite popular among GAZelle car owners. The following modifications of this engine are supplied to the market by the Ulyanovsk Motor Plant:

• UMZ-4216.100402. A distinctive feature of this motor is the presence of old-style mounting brackets.
• UMZ-4216.1000402.10. with power steering pump bracket.
• UMZ-4216.1000402.20 with new mounting brackets.
• UMZ-42161.1000 with old brackets.

The latest modification was developed specifically for installation on GAZelle-Economy cars. The Ulyanovsk Motor Plant supplies all these units to both the domestic and foreign markets. In most cases, the GAZelle has such an engine. 4216, however, is a motor that in some cases can be equipped with a Sobol car.

Engine markings

Engine markings (identification numbers) are applied on a special area located on the left side of the cylinder block.

The marking includes two parts, separated by an asterisk: descriptive, consisting of six characters, and indicative, consisting of eight characters (numbers and letters of the Latin alphabet).

In the descriptive part, the first three digits (421) indicate the index of the base model, the fourth digit is the modification index (if absent, a zero is given). The fifth character is numbers indicating the climate version (0 - general climate version, 1 - northern, 7 - tropical) or letters (C - compression ratio 8.2, general climate version; T-compression ratio 8.2, tropical version). In the last place there is a zero or letters indicating: A - diaphragm clutch, P - recirculation valve. The index part consists of eight characters. The first character (letter of the Latin alphabet or number) indicates the year of manufacture of the engine.

The following notations are accepted:

• 1997 - V;
• 1998 - W;
• 1999 - X;
• 2000 - Y;
• 2001 - 1;
• 2001 - 2;
• 2003 - 3;
• …
• 2009 - 9;
• 2010 - A;
• 2011 - B, etc.

The second and third digits of the index indicate the month of issue; the last five digits indicate the engine serial number from the beginning of the month.

An example of the marking of a 421.10 engine with a compression ratio of 7.0, in a tropical version, with a diaphragm clutch, manufactured in December 1999:

* 42107A * X1209999 *

Major breakdowns

As already mentioned, most often in UMZ-4216 engines the manifold breaks or the sensors fail. Another common problem that GAZelle car owners have to deal with is engine overheating. The temperature of the UMZ-4216 engine often increases when the speed decreases. If the car suddenly gets stuck in a traffic jam, its engine will almost completely overheat. Very often, the clutch for turning on the radiator fan starts to work incorrectly on these units.

Experienced drivers, in order to avoid overheating of the UMZ-4216 engine, advise:

• Replace the standard radiator with a copper one. This metal conducts heat very well. And, therefore, the liquid will cool better.
• Instead of antifreeze, pour high-quality imported or domestic antifreeze into the engine.

You can also combat overheating of the UMZ-4216 engine by manually turning on the fan drive from the cab. The “original” fan of the model with a problematic electromagnetic clutch should be replaced with a model with a large number of blades and a thermal switch.

Operating rules

When working on a GAZelle with an installed UMZ-4216 engine, the driver must follow the following basic rules:

1. Before starting the engine, make sure there are no leaks of coolant or fuel.
2. If noises and knocks appear, you must definitely find out their cause. It is not allowed to operate the engine in this case.
3. You cannot drive a GAZelle with such an engine without a thermostat in the cooling system.

During the break-in period of the UMZ-4216 engine, the following rules should be observed:

• crankshaft rotation speed should not exceed 3000 rpm;
• Do not overload the vehicle;
• the condition of the pipelines should be carefully monitored.

Engine valve adjustment

How to correctly adjust the valves on the UMZ 421 model engine is described in the following instructions:

1. Do not warm up the engine. Remove the vacuum regulator tube.
2. Remove the BC head cover. Take a closer look at the gasket. If it is dented, it will have to be replaced.
3. Make sure that the piston of the first cylinder at TDC is opposite the mark on the crankshaft pulley. The valves must be closed.
4. Look at the gap between the valves and rocker arms. The probe should go in with a little effort. Measure the gap - 0.35 mm.
5. If more, then adjust. Loosen the locknut. Turn the adjusting bolt left or right to increase or decrease the gap.
6. Hold the adjusting bolt and check whether the gap is set correctly. The dimensions must be the same on all valves. When everything is set up smoothly, you can tighten the locknut.
7. Rotate the crankshaft half a turn, then set the valve clearances in the second cylinder to the same values. Follow the following sequence - 1-2-4-3. Set the gap in one "boiler", move the crankshaft before moving on to the next.
8. When you have made the adjustment, put the cover back in place and connect the necessary equipment.

A 421 engine will run longer if you constantly monitor valve clearances.

How to reduce fuel consumption

The main disadvantage of the UMZ-4216 engine is overheating. Another disadvantage of this engine is its fairly high fuel consumption. To reduce this indicator, experienced drivers advise:

1. Do not accelerate too much, accelerating to a speed of 110-130 km/h.
2. Do not overload the GAZelle.
3. Check tire pressure periodically.
4. Mount a spoiler on the cab.

Also, the installation of gas equipment will help reduce fuel consumption of the UMZ-4216 engine.

HBO

Owners of GAZelles install gas equipment on their cars very often. If you want to buy a UMZ-4216 engine with LPG, you can even buy it already ready - assembled directly at the Ulyanovsk Motor Plant. Also, many owners of such equipment install gas equipment from third-party companies. In this case, UMP does not refuse guarantees.

Most often, fourth-generation gas equipment is installed on GAZelle vehicles with a UMZ-4216 engine. All work of such a gas equipment is fully automated and does not require human intervention.

The choice of fuel type is carried out by the control unit included in the system design. This became possible thanks to the presence of a special temperature sensor in the fourth-generation LPG. When setting operating modes, the response temperature of the switching valve is indicated.

Design

This is one of the varieties of the UMZ-421 power plant. The “four hundred and twenty-first” line also includes motors 4213, 4215, 4218.

UMZ-4216 stands out among them as follows:

• aluminum cylinder block;
• hardening of the main and connecting rod journals of the crankshaft with high-frequency current;
• timing gear drive;
• lower camshaft position;
• aluminum rods.

In the UMZ-4216 engine model with a 92 mm caliber piston, the liners in the cylinder block are of the “wet” type, they can be removed. But in a more powerful modification with a piston diameter of 100 mm, the sleeve is firmly pressed into the corresponding compartment using a powerful press and cannot be removed.

The UMZ-4216 engine consists of:

UMZ-4216 engine - device

• A block of 4 cylinders with liners arranged in a row.
• 8 overhead valves, 2 per combustion chamber.
• Toothed flywheel of single mass type.
• Crankshaft with 5 bearings and 4 connecting rod journals.
• 4 pistons, each with 2 compression rings and 1 oil scraper ring.
• Shatunov.
• Oil pump.
• Pushers and rods.
• Crankshaft pulley and hub.
• Gaskets and seals.

The crankshaft has a gear made of metal, and the camshaft gear is made of textolite.

The ignition system, liquid cooling and other auxiliary mechanisms are connected to the engine.