The very first releases of the GAZ 66 off-road truck were equipped with a ZMZ 66-06 V-shaped gasoline engine with eight cylinders and a power of 115 hp. With. This engine was the base and the only one in all trim levels until 1985. Around the mid-80s, the engine was modernized and its power was increased to 120 hp. With. The 66 engine itself is not bad, but gasoline consumption was sometimes depressing.
The power unit was installed on trucks of the GAZ-66 family; buses NZAS-3964, Volgar 39461, APP 66; vehicles for the armed forces: AP-2, AS-66, DDA-66, DPP-40, R-142.
With the stated norm of 24 liters/100 km, the GAZ 66 barely fit into 27 liters, and in off-road conditions, “Shishiga could consume more than 30 liters per 100 km of run.
Standard petrol engine GAZ 66
Diesel engines installed on GAZ 66 by the factory
By 1993, the Gorky Automobile Plant launched a new line for the production of diesel engines GAZ 542 and GAZ 544. The four-cylinder GAZ 544 was installed on the GAZ 3306 and GAZ 66 cars. This engine was air-cooled and had a power of 85 hp.
Diesel engine GAZ 5441
In 1995, the plant mastered modification of the GAZ 5441 engine with turbocharging, its power was increased to 115 hp. With. In 1999, production of the GAZ 66 ceased, and by the same time the line at the Gorky Automobile Plant for the production of diesel engines ceased to exist. These motors were considered unprofitable.
Engine D-144
The second candidate for replacing the main Shishiga engine is a diesel engine produced by the Vladimir Tractor Plant D-144. It is installed on a fairly wide range of equipment, mainly agricultural.
This unit is intended for installation on tractors and other machines operating under conditions of unlimited air exchange. It has a number of modifications that affect its characteristics. Features of application and adaptation are reflected in the labeling.
For example, D144-11.02 is a diesel engine for use in temperate climates, D144-11.03 is a diesel engine for areas with a predominant tropical climate. Also, by the markings you can determine some features of the configuration (for example, the D120-11M model is equipped with a Motorpal pump, made in the Czech Republic).
Engine diagram D-144
Regarding the performance characteristics, the following can be indicated: 4 cylinders are arranged in a row. Their total volume is 4.15 liters. It can replace 60 horses. And the maximum torque is as much as 20.9 kgm. Let's face it, it's inferior...
Technical characteristics of GAZ 5441
• Maximum power – 115-117 hp. With. (according to various sources) the number of revolutions at rated power is 2800 per minute; • Number of cylinders – four, arranged in one row; • Engine volume – 4.15 l; • Torque (MAX) – 39 kgf•m; • Compression ratio – 16; • Standard piston diameter – 105 mm; • Piston stroke – 120 mm; • Type – turbocharged, air cooled; • Ventilation – open type; • The order of fuel supply to the internal combustion engine cylinders is 1-3-4-2; • Diesel fuel consumption is about 17 liters per 100 km.
Description of the GAZ-3309 (3309) model
Engine
Model - 5441 Type - Diesel, four-stroke (air-cooled), turbocharged Number of cylinders - 4 Cylinder operating order - 1-3-4-2 Direction of crankshaft rotation - Right Cylinder diameter and piston stroke, mm - 105x120 Displacement, l — 4.15 Compression ratio — 16 Rated engine power at 2600 rpm, kW (hp) — 85 (116) Maximum torque at 1600-1800 rpm N m (kgf m) — 38, 2 (39) Maximum idle speed, no more than, rpm - 2800 Ventilation system - Open High pressure fuel pump (HPF) - In-line, with a mechanical two-mode centrifugal regulator and boost corrector Low pressure fuel pump - Piston type Fuel lift pump — Plunger type for manual pumping of fuel Injectors — Closed type, injection start pressure of at least 20.08 MPa (215 kgf/cm 2 )
Fuel filters
Coarse cleaning - Settler filter with a mesh filter element for fine cleaning - With replaceable paper filter elements Air filter - Dry type, with a replaceable filter element and a maximum clogging indicator Cooling system - Air with a gear-driven fan through an adjustable fluid coupling Starting aid - Electric torch device ( EFU) Starting heater - Air diesel Pressurization system - Gas turbine, with one turbocharger - with a radial centripetal turbine, with a centrifugal compressor modification S-13 and an air-to-air charge air cooler of a plate type made of aluminum alloy
Transmission
Clutch - Single disc, dry friction, permanently closed, with a diaphragm spring. Clutch drive - hydraulic Gearbox - Mechanical, five-speed, three-way, with synchronizers in 2nd, 3rd, 4th and 5th gears Gear ratios: I - 6.286; II - 3.391; III - 2.133; IV - 1.351; V - 1.0; z.x. — 5.429 Cardan transmission — Two open-type shafts with an intermediate support, three cardan joints on needle bearings Main axle transmission — Bevel, hypoid type. Gear ratio 5.5 Differential - Gear
Chassis
Wheels - Disc, with rim 6.0B-20 (152B-50V) with a split bead ring Tires - Pneumatic, radial, size 8.25R20 (240R508) models U2 (K-B4) or K-55A Imbalance of the wheel assembly with tire no more , g cm — 2500 Air pressure in radial tires: front wheels, kPa (kgf/cm 2 ) — 390 (4.0) rear wheels, kPa (kgf/cm 2 ) — 620 (6.3)
Installation of the front wheels: Wheel camber angle - 1° Lateral inclination angle of the king pin - 8° Angle of inclination of the lower end of the kingpin forward - 2°30′ Wheel toe - 0–3 mm
Springs: Four - longitudinal, semi-elliptical. The rear suspension consists of main and additional springs. Shock absorbers - Hydraulic, telescopic, double-acting. Installed on the front axle of the car
Steering
Steering mechanism type - Ball screw nut Gear ratio - 22.46 Steering rods - Tubular, non-adjustable hinges
Brakes
Service brake system - Dual-circuit with hydraulic drive and hydraulic vacuum booster in each circuit Brake mechanisms - shoe, drum type Spare brake system - Each circuit of the service brake system in case of failure of another circuit Parking brake - With a mechanical cable drive to the rear wheel brakes
Electrical equipment
Wiring system - Single-wire, negative connected to the body Rated voltage in the network, V - 24 Generator - 5101.3701 Battery - Two 6ST-110AZ or four 6ST-55AZ Starter - 3002.3708 Headlights - Two FG122-VV1E Rear lights - Two, 35.3716,351.3716 Rear fog lamp - 2412.3716 Instrument and starter switch - 2101.3704-10 or 1902.3704, with anti-theft device Windshield wiper - 711.5205 Windshield washer - 1212.5208-09
Cabin and platform
Cabin - Metal, double, two-door Cabin heater - Oil, with two radiators included in the engine lubrication system Independent heater - Air, dual-mode, runs on diesel fuel Seats - Separate: driver and passenger Tail - Metal, with an alligator-type hood and a folding grille cladding Platform - Metal Folding sides - rear and both sides
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Diesel D-245
After the end of production of GAZ 66 cars, the Gorky Automobile Plant again revived the production of diesel engines. The “66th” was replaced by the GAZ 3308 “Sadko”; in 2001 it received a Minsk Motor diesel engine; it is now relevant for the GAZ 66 car, it is often installed on it, making the necessary changes to the design. Minsk Motor Plant specializes in the manufacture of power units for heavy trucks. MMZ engines have proven themselves to be reliable, economical and easy-to-use power units that are installed in trucks and off-road vehicles. The D 245 engine is equipped with gas turbine supercharging, which allows for maximum thrust in a wide range of engine speeds.
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Comments 13
Thanks for the interesting post. As a lover of SUVs, 2 points remained unclear to me: 1. What kind of stupid games with tires are they? These pseudo-universal agricultural tires will only add noise on asphalt, and at the same time they will immediately become clogged with mud off-road due to the transverse grooves. What didn’t suit the designers with the native tires from the “shishiga” (or, even better, from the armored personnel carrier, which were very popularly installed on the early 66s), and why did the regular tires from the ZIL-131 turn out to be better? 2. "The springs became longer; instead of rubber seals, pin fastenings were used for them. As a result, the suspension travel has increased, handling and ride quality have improved.” Amazing. This is a revolutionary innovation... As I understand it, mounting springs on swinging earrings was a very popular solution in the past? And why the hell did they abandon it at the “shishige” for the sake of rubber inserts in the housings? Well, a little clarification about PARMs - they were usually mounted on three-axle trucks, each auto repair shop consisting of several vehicles, and the new LAWN has a small KUNG size and carrying capacity (especially considering the weight of the machines). The electric motors of the machines on the Zilov PARMs were driven by a heavy generator, eating up a large area of the front part of the booth. So the KUNG GAZ-3301 was not intended for auto repair shops, but for something else - radio stations, staff vehicles, etc. Here's a diesel air blower - it's cool, although noisy, it's a pity that they didn't make it into series, neither the eights nor the sixes...
Body
Springs are installed on the front and rear axles of the car, but shock absorbers are installed only on the front axle. It is also possible to increase the length of the base up to 6.2 meters. This will allow you to install vans of various sizes on it. In addition, thanks to the powerful frame and load-carrying capacity, various special equipment is produced on the GAZ 3309 basis, which includes dump trucks, tanks, sewer trucks, laboratories, and so on.
GAZ 3309 has high technical and operational characteristics. Designed specifically for driving on paved roads. According to reviews from the owners of this truck, its problem areas are:
- strong vibration from the engine,
- The cabin wings are susceptible to corrosion.
In all other respects, this is just an excellent truck for Russian roads.
We recommend reading: GAZ-3309 Dobrynya car
Device
GAZ-66 was used not only for military needs. In construction, mining and mineral extraction, maneuverable, unpretentious and durable all-wheel drive vehicles were in great demand. A wide range of modifications based on the basic version significantly increased the scope of application of the car. In the 60-80s of the last century, the truck was used everywhere. It has also found application in the agricultural industry.
The basic versions of the model were equipped with a standard body, which was a metal platform with folding benches. Additionally, it was covered with an awning.
GAZ-66 was equipped with an all-metal cabin. It contained two unified seats - driver and passenger. The salon provided for the organization of a sleeping place. The interior space was laconic. In winter it was quite hot in the cabin. The hood became very hot, transferring some of the heat to the interior.
The car was equipped with a 4-speed gearbox, which had a non-standard arrangement. It was installed behind and to the right of the driver. The transmission also included a hydraulic clutch and a 2-speed transfer case. The truck had hypoid drive axles and a front axle with ball joints. GAZ-66 was equipped with drum brakes with a hydraulic drive and a hydraulic vacuum booster.
The transfer case installed on the car helped to increase torque and distribute it to the rear and front axles. Some modifications of the model provided a mechanism for disabling (enabling) the front axle, which structurally included:
- drive shaft with a movable gear for connecting reduction and direct transmission;
- intermediate shaft with gears;
- rear axle drive shaft;
- control mechanism;
- front axle drive shaft.
Some versions of the car received a mechanical winch, the force to which was supplied via a power take-off. In terms of its parameters, it was significantly superior to the electric version. The length of the cable was 50 meters, and the traction load was 3.5 tons.
Truck design
GAZ 66 has a frame design
. The vehicle's high cross-country ability is ensured by its all-wheel drive design, short overhangs and single-pitch tires. Since 1968, the truck has been using a centralized tire pressure control system. The all-metal body is equipped with lattice sides and a folding tailgate. Folding benches are installed along the sides, and it is possible to install an awning covering on five arches.
The all-metal double cabin of the GAZ-66 is installed above the power unit, equipped with a heating system and a windshield washer. If necessary, a suspended berth can be installed in the cabin. The engine is accessible by tilting the cab forward. Most of the trucks are equipped with an 8-cylinder petrol V-shaped engine
ZMZ -66. To start the engine at subzero temperatures, a pre-start heater PZHB-12 is used.
photo GAZ-66 engine
Car modernization
After the automobile plant in the city of Gorky began to be rebuilt, decisions were made to modernize the cabin. The Gas 3309 cabin was changed quite a lot and development of a diesel engine for the car began. The diesel engine made it possible to achieve more power while reducing fuel consumption. In order to create a diesel engine for Gas 3309, technologists had to make a lot of effort. During the development, a large number of new machines and stands were purchased. They were used for engine tests and comparisons with the gasoline version. As a result of a technological breakthrough, a diesel engine was developed that had turbocharging. It worked perfectly with the car and made it possible to move heavy vehicles quite quickly.
Overall dimensions of the Gas 3309 car
After making changes to the structure of the cabin, it was decided to pay attention to the internal components of the Gas 3309. In the early 80s, many components of the units that were present in the car were redone. A large number of modifications that affected the suspension, body, engine, and transmission made the car itself cheaper, but at the same time it had a higher efficiency.
Why was GAZ-3306 created?
GAZ-3306 was created to replace the GAZ 52 series truck and was intended for the same work as the previous model. This includes agricultural work and transportation of various things. The machine itself weighed 2,500 kilograms and could easily carry a load weighing up to 4 tons. However, drivers of those years knew very well that the Lawn could easily carry more weight, especially if it had a diesel engine installed.
The truck is capable of driving on any roads, which was extremely important for work on collective and state farms. Village auto shops were also made on the chassis of this car and reached their destination regardless of the weather and the condition of the road surface. In everyday life, operating the GAZ-3306 also did not cause much trouble. There was only one thing that was not satisfactory during loading - I had to lift the load high, since the body is high from the ground. This had to be done in order to increase the vehicle's cross-country ability.
The use of trailers capable of carrying cargo weighing up to 2.5 tons was also widely practiced. Even a gasoline engine could easily cope with such weight.
Troubleshooting
All power units of the ZMZ 66 series have a number of the same “typical” faults. These include:
- leakage of engine oil through the rear main bearing oil seal;
- low engine oil pressure in the engine lubrication system;
- increased engine oil consumption, etc.
The presence of certain malfunctions is judged by the condition of the power unit. The motor needs repair if, for example:
- oil consumption more than 0.4 l/100 km;
- control indicators on the dashboard indicate that the oil pressure in the lubrication system is insufficient;
Important! If the control devices are faulty, the pressure can be measured with a pressure gauge. Moreover, its value, measured on a well-warmed-up engine, should not be lower than: at idle speed - 0.5 kgf/cm2; at medium speed – 1 kgf/cm2.
Operating the engine in cases where the engine oil pressure is below the specified values is prohibited.
Insufficient compression in the cylinders may also indicate a malfunction of the engine. It is measured with a compression gauge, after first unscrewing the spark plugs, fully opening the throttle valve and turning off the power to the high-voltage wires.
